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| Author |
Gosling, S.D.; John, O.P. |
| Title |
Personality Dimensions in Nonhuman Animals: A Cross-Species Review |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Current Directions in Psychological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. |
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8 |
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3 |
Pages |
69-75 |
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| Abstract |
The evolutionary continuity between humans and other animals suggests that some dimensions of personality may be common across a wide range of species. Unfortunately, there is no unified body of research on animal personality; studies are dispersed across multiple disciplines and diverse journals. To review 19 studies of personality factors in 12 nonhuman species, we used the human Five-Factor Model plus Dominance and Activity as a preliminary framework. Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Agreeableness showed the strongest cross-speciesgenerality, followed by Openness; a separate Conscientiousness dimension appeared only in chimpanzees, humans` closest relatives. Cross-species evidence was modest for a separate Dominance dimension but scant for Activity. The comparative approach taken here offers a fresh perspective on human personality and should facilitate hypothesis-driven research on the social and biological bases of personality. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4417 |
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| Author |
Menke, C.; Waiblinger, S.; Foelsch, D.W.; Wiepkema, P.R. |
| Title |
Social Behaviour and Injuries of Horned Cows in Loose Housing Systems |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Welfare |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
243-258 |
| Keywords |
Animal Welfare; Horned Dairy Cows; Human-Animal Relationship; Injuries; Loose Housing; Management; Social Behaviour |
| Abstract |
The relationship between social behaviour and skin injuries (caused by horns) of loose housed horned cows was investigated on 35 dairy farms. While the frequencies of two agonistic behaviour elements (push and chase away) were positively correlated with the occurrence of skin injuries, the frequencies of butting and homing were not. Butting appears to have an ambivalent motivation, in that its occurrence is correlated positively both with agonistic behaviour and with social licking. Horning showed a positive correlation with social licking only. Four groups of husbandry conditions that may be associated with the occurrence of social behaviour and of injuries were distinguished: i) herd management, with variables including problem solving management by the farmer, integration of new cows, and dealing with periparturient and oestrus cows; ii) human-animal relationship, with variables including ability to identify individual cows, frequency of brushing the cows, number of milkers, and frequency of personnel changes; iii) animal characteristics, with the variable of herd size; and iv) stable characteristics, with the variable of space per cow (m2). The relevance of the husbandry variables investigated here had been confirmed in a previous stepwise regression analysis (Menke 1996). The variables for herd management and human-animal relationship conditions correlated in a consistent way with the occurrence of agonistic behaviour and/or of injuries, while most of them also correlated in the opposite direction with the occurrence of social licking. Herd size correlated positively with agonistic behaviour, but negatively with social licking. Space per cow correlated negatively with agonistic behaviour and injuries. In more than 70 per cent of the herds investigated, the levels of agonistic behaviour and of skin injuries were low, implying that horned dairy cows can be kept with less risk than is often assumed. We argue that such risks strongly depend on management factors that can be improved. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5480 |
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Mladenoff, D.J.; Sickley, T.A.; Wydeven, A.P. |
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Predicting gray wolf landscape recolonization: logistic regression models vs. new field data |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Ecol Appl |
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9 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Mladenoff1999 |
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6442 |
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Thomas R. Zentall |
| Title |
Animal Cognition: The Bridge BetweenAnimal Learning and Human Cognition |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Psychological Science |
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10 |
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206-208 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3481 |
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Czaran, T. |
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Game theory and evolutionary ecology: Evolutionary Games & Population Dynamics by J. Hofbauer and K. Sigmund, and Game Theory & Animal Behaviour, edited by L.A. Dugatkin and H.K. Reeve |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
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14 |
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6 |
Pages |
246-247 |
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Game theory; Evolutionary ecology; Population dynamics; Ethology |
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refbase @ user @ |
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485 |
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Giraldeau, L.A.; Beauchamp, G. |
| Title |
Food exploitation: searching for the optimal joining policy |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Trends In Ecology And Evolution |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
102-106 |
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Commonly invoked foraging advantages of group membership include increased mean food intake rates and/or reduced variance in foraging success. These foraging advantages rely on the occurrence of 'joining': feeding from food discovered or captured by others. Joining occurs in most social species but the assumptions underlying its analysis have been clarified only recently, giving rise to two classes of model: information-sharing and producer-scrounger models. Recent experimental evidence suggests that joining in ground-feeding birds might be best analysed as a producer-scrounger game, with some intriguing consequences for the spatial distribution of foragers and patch exploitation. |
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Dept of Biology, Concordia University, 1455 Ouest Blvd de Maisonneuve, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1M8 |
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English |
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0169-5347 |
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PMID:10322509 |
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2137 |
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Grandin, T. |
| Title |
Safe handling of large animals |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Occup Med |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
195-212 |
| Keywords |
Accidents, Occupational/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data; Aggression/physiology/psychology; Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cattle; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Crowding/psychology; Fear/physiology/psychology; Female; *Horses/physiology/psychology; Humans; Male; Movement/physiology; *Occupational Health; Risk Factors; *Ruminants/physiology/psychology |
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The major causes of accidents with cattle, horses, and other grazing animals are: panic due to fear, male dominance aggression, or the maternal aggression of a mother protecting her newborn. Danger is inherent when handling large animals. Understanding their behavior patterns improves safety, but working with animals will never be completely safe. Calm, quiet handling and non-slip flooring are beneficial. Rough handling and excessive use of electric prods increase chances of injury to both people and animals, because fearful animals may jump, kick, or rear. Training animals to voluntarily cooperate with veterinary procedures reduces stress and improves safety. Grazing animals have a herd instinct, and a lone, isolated animal can become agitated. Providing a companion animal helps keep an animal calm. |
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Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80526, USA |
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0885-114X |
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PMID:10329901 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3793 |
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| Author |
Taberlet, P.; Waits, L.P.; Luikart, G. |
| Title |
Noninvasive genetic sampling: look before you leap |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends Ecol. Evol |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
323-327 |
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Hairs; Feces; Feathers; Allelic dropout; Individual identification; Conservation genetics; Behavioural ecology; Pilot study; Microsatellites; Probability of identity |
| Abstract |
Noninvasive sampling allows genetic studies of free-ranging animals without the need to capture or even observe them, and thus allows questions to be addressed that cannot be answered using conventional methods. Initially, this sampling strategy promised to exploit fully the existing DNA-based technology for studies in ethology, conservation biology and population genetics. However, recent work now indicates the need for a more cautious approach, which includes quantifying the genotyping error rate. Despite this, many of the difficulties of noninvasive sampling will probably be overcome with improved methodology. |
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0169-5347 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6573 |
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Hanggi, E.B. |
| Title |
Interocular transfer of learning In horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Equine Vet Sci |
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19 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
518-524 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3564 |
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Erhart, E.; Overdorff, D. |
| Title |
Female Coordination of Group Travel in Wild Propithecus and Eulemur |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
Publication |
International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Primatol. |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
927-940-940 |
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Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Coordination of primate group movements by individual group members is generally categorized as leadership behavior, which entails several steps: deciding where to move next, initiating travel, and leading a group between food, water sources, and rest sites. Presumably, leaders are able to influence their daily foraging efficiency and nutritional intake, which could influence an individual's feeding ecology and long-term reproductive success. Within anthropoid species, females lead group movements in most female-bonded groups, while males lead groups in most nonfemale-bonded groups. Group leadership has not been described for social prosimians, which are typically not female-bonded. We describe group movements in two nonfemale-bonded, lemurid species living in southeastern Madagascar, Propithecus diadema edwardsi and Eulemur fulvus rufus. Although several social lemurids exhibit female dominance Eulemur fulvus rufus does not, and evidence for female dominance is equivocal in Propithecus diadema edwardsi. Given the ecological stresses that females face during reproduction, we predict that females in these two species will implement alternative behavioral strategies such as group leadership in conjunction with, or in the absence of, dominance interactions to improve access to food. We found that females in both species initiated and led group movements significantly more often than males did. In groups with multiple females, one female was primarily responsible for initiating and leading group movements. We conclude that female nutritional needs may determine ranging behavior to a large extent in these prosimian species, at least during months of gestation and lactation. |
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Springer Netherlands |
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0164-0291 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5308 |
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