| Records |
| Author |
Bourdin, P.; Laurent, A. |
| Title |
[Ecology of African horsesickness] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop |
Volume  |
27 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
163-168 |
| Keywords |
African Horse Sickness/*epidemiology/transmission; Animals; Disease Reservoirs/veterinary; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors |
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Editor |
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| Language |
French |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Note sur l'ecologie de la peste equine africaine |
| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0035-1865 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:4619907 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2710 |
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| Author |
Woodward Sl, O.R. |
| Title |
Habitat use and fecal analysis of feral burros (Equus asinus) Chemehuevi Mountains, California |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Range Mgmt |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
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Pages |
482-485 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1721 |
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| Author |
Klingel H, |
| Title |
Soziale Organisation und Verhalten des Grevyzebras (Equus grevyi) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume |
36 |
Issue |
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Pages |
37-70 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1306 |
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| Author |
Eisenmann V, G.D.C. |
| Title |
Caractères distinctifs entre vrais zèbres et zèbres de Chapman d`après l`étude de 60 têtes osseuses. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Mammalia |
| Volume |
38 |
Issue |
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Pages |
509-543 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1060 |
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| Author |
Robinson Dw, S.L. |
| Title |
The current status of knowledge on the nutrition of equines |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Anim Sci |
| Volume |
39 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1045-1066 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1511 |
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| Author |
Parker, G.A. |
| Title |
Assessment strategy and the evolution of fighting behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Journal of Theoretical Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
223-243 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The view is examined that the adaptive value of conventional aspects of fighting behaviour is for assessment of relative RHP (resource holding power) of the combatants. Outcomes of aggressive disputes should be decided by each individual's fitness budget available for expenditure during a fight (determined by the fitness difference between adoption of alternative strategies, escalation or withdrawal without escalation) and on the rate of expenditure of the fitness budget if escalation occurs (determined by the RHPs of the combatants). Thus response thresholds for alternative strategies (“assessments”) will be determined by natural selection on a basis of which opponent is likely to expend its fitness budget first, should escalation occur. This “loser” should retreat (before escalation) and the winner should stay in possession of the resource. Many aggressive decisions depend on whether one is a resource holder, or an attacker. Assuming the RHP of the combatants to be equal, there are many instances of fitness pay-off imbalances between holder and attacker which should weight the dispute outcome in favour of one or other opponent by allowing it a greater expendable fitness budget. Usually the weighting favours the holder; the attacker therefore needs a correspondingly higher RHP before it may be expected to win. This is not invariably the case, and much observed data fits the predictions of this sort of model. If assessments are perfect and budget expenditure rates exactly predictable, then there would never seem to be any case for escalation. Escalation can be explained in terms of injury inflictions (expenditures) occurring as discrete events; i.e. as “bouts” won or lost during fighting. Assessment can give only a probabilistic prediction of the outcome of a bout. A simple model is developed to investigate escalation situations. Each combatant assesses relative RHP; this correlates with an absolute probability of winning the next bout (cabs). The stake played for is infliction of loss of RHP and is determined by the fitness budgets of the opponents. (Each individual plays for the withdrawal of its opponent.) This defines a critical probability of winning (ccrit) for each combatant, above which escalation is the favourable strategy (cabs > ccrit) and below which withdrawal is favourable (cabs < ccrit). Escalation should occur only where cabs-ccrit is positive for both combatants. This model gives predictions compatible with the observations, indicating that RHP loss alone can be adequate to explain withdrawal: escalation behaviour. Withdrawal tendency will be increased by low searching costs. Escalations should be restricted to closely matched RHP opponents if RHP disparity is the major imbalance. Outside the “escalation range” of a given individual, the higher RHP individual wins and the lower one loses (i.e. it should withdraw after conventional display). RHP disparity and holder: attacker imbalance should both interact to shape the observed pattern, though their relative importances will depend on species and situation. In some instances selection may favour immediate withdrawal from an occupied territory even without assessment of RHP. |
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| ISSN |
0022-5193 |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4935 |
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| Author |
Jarman, P.J . |
| Title |
The social behaviour of antelope in relation to their ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
1-4 |
Pages |
213-267 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The types of social organisation displayed by the African antelope species have been assigned in this paper to five classes, distinguished largely by the strategies used by the reproductively active males in securing mating rights, and the effects of those strategies on other social castes. The paper attempts to show that these strategies are appropriate to each class because of the effects of other, ecological, aspects of their ways of life. The paper describes different feeding styles among antelope, in terms of selection of food items and coverage of home ranges. It argues that these feeding styles bear a relationship to maximum group size of feeding animals through the influence of dispersion of food items upon group cohesion. The feeding styles also bear a relationship to body size and to habitat choice, both of which influence the antelope species' antipredator behaviour. Thus feeding style is related to anti-predator behaviour which, in many species, influences minimum group size. Group size and the pattern of movement over the annual home range affect the likelihood of females being found in a given place at a given time, and it is this likelihood which, to a large extent, determines the kind of strategy a male must employ to achieve mating rights. The effects of the different strategies employed by males can be seen in such aspects of each species' biology as sexual dimorphism, adult sex ratio, and differential distribution of the sexes. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4264 |
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| Author |
Altmann, J. |
| Title |
Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
49 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
227-266 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Seven major types of sampling for observational studies of social behavior have been found in the literature. These methods differ considerably in their suitability for providing unbiased data of various kinds. Below is a summary of the major recommended uses of each technique: In this paper, I have tried to point out the major strengths and weaknesses of each sampling method. Some methods are intrinsically biased with respect to many variables, others to fewer. In choosing a sampling method the main question is whether the procedure results in a biased sample of the variables under study. A method can produce a biased sample directly, as a result of intrinsic bias with respect to a study variable, or secondarily due to some degree of dependence (correlation) between the study variable and a directly-biased variable. In order to choose a sampling technique, the observer needs to consider carefully the characteristics of behavior and social interactions that are relevant to the study population and the research questions at hand. In most studies one will not have adequate empirical knowledge of the dependencies between relevant variables. Under the circumstances, the observer should avoid intrinsic biases to whatever extent possible, in particular those that direcly affect the variables under study. Finally, it will often be possible to use more than one sampling method in a study. Such samples can be taken successively or, under favorable conditions, even concurrently. For example, we have found it possible to take Instantaneous Samples of the identities and distances of nearest neighbors of a focal individual at five or ten minute intervals during Focal-Animal (behavior) Samples on that individual. Often during Focal-Animal Sampling one can also record All Occurrences of Some Behaviors, for the whole social group, for categories of conspicuous behavior, such as predation, intergroup contact, drinking, and so on. The extent to which concurrent multiple sampling is feasible will depend very much on the behavior categories and rate of occurrence, the observational conditions, etc. Where feasible, such multiple sampling can greatly aid in the efficient use of research time. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4684 |
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| Author |
Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Further studies of the sea-finding mechanism in green turtle hatchlings |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
51 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
195-208 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Newborn/physiology; Contact Lenses; Locomotion; *Orientation; Retina/physiology; *Turtles/physiology; Visual Fields; *Visual Perception; Water |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0005-7959 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:4447586 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
389 |
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| Author |
Alexander, F.; Collett, R.A. |
| Title |
Proceedings: Some observations on the pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
British journal of pharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Pharmacol |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
142p |
| Keywords |
Animals; Half-Life; Horses/*metabolism; Kinetics; Trimethoprim/*metabolism |
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English |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0007-1188 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:4451793 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
112 |
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