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| Author | Goodwin, D. | ||||
| Title | The importance of ethology in understanding the behaviour of the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Veterinary Journal |
Volume  |
31 | Issue | S28 | Pages | 15-19 |
| Keywords | horse; behaviour; domestication; interspecific communication | ||||
| Abstract | Summary Domestication has provided the horse with food, shelter, veterinary care and protection, allowing individuals an increased chance of survival. However, the restriction of movement, limited breeding opportunities and a requirement to expend energy, for the benefit of another species, conflict with the evolutionary processes which shaped the behaviour of its predecessors. The behaviour of the horse is defined by its niche as a social prey species but many of the traits which ensured the survival of its ancestors are difficult to accommodate in the domestic environment. There has been a long association between horses and man and many features of equine behaviour suggest a predisposition to interspecific cooperation. However, the importance of dominance in human understanding of social systems has tended to overemphasise its importance in the human-horse relationship. The evolving horse-human relationship from predation to companionship, has resulted in serial conflicts of interest for equine and human participants. Only by understanding the nature and origin of these conflicts can ethologists encourage equine management practices which minimise deleterious effects on the behaviour of the horse. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | American Medical Association (AMA) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6714 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Sato, S.; Sako, S.; Maeda, A. | ||||
| Title | Social licking patterns in cattle (<em>Bos taurus</em>): influence of environmental and social factors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
| Volume |
32 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-12 |
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| Abstract | To investigate the functions of social licking in cattle, four calves (one heifer and one steer in each of two herds), known to exhibit frequent social licking were observed continuously for 2 h before sunset for 13 days, using the focal animal sampling method. Calves were observed under various environmental conditions. Social licking significantly decreased on rainy days and tended to increase in a dirty barn and when food was restricted. Solicitation for social licking occurred not only from dominant animals of pairs but also from subordinates. Of the licking interactions, 31% occurred following solicitation, and these accounted for 39% of the total time spent licking. Following solicitation, 78% of social licking was oriented to the head and the neck regions that were inaccessible to self-licking animals. Unsolicited licking, however, was oriented not only to the head and the neck but also to the back and the rump regions, and these two latter regions were the major ones to receive licking. The effect of social relationships on social licking was investigated using least-squares analysis of variance. Social factors investigated were the difference of dominance values, the dominance-subordinance relationship, and kinship and familiarity; the sex of calves involved was also considered. Only familiarity had a significant effect on licking; exchanges of social licking increased with length of cohabitation. We suggest that social licking may have a cleaning effect, a tension-reducing effect and a bonding effect. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80158-3 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6409 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Werhahn, H.; Hessel, E.F.; Van den Weghe, H.F.A. | ||||
| Title | Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls (II): Effects of Free Exercise on the Behavior in the Stable, the Behavior during Training, and the Degree of Stress | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
32 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 22-31 |
| Keywords | Horse; Turnout; Single stall; Behavior; Hrv | ||||
| Abstract | Although housing horses in single stalls limits their natural behavior to a great extent, this housing system is widespread in Germany, especially for competition horses. To improve the welfare of this system, free exercise on pastures or paddocks is deemed suitable, but it is also feared because of injuries and decreased willingness or motivation to perform. In the present study, three treatments were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of six competition horses in the stable, behavior during training, and on their degree of stress: daily training without free exercise (no turnout [NT]), solitary turnout for 2 hours after training, and 2-hour turnout in groups of two after training (group turnout). The horses' behavior in the stable was continuously analyzed through video recordings (2 pm to 6 am) on 3 days at the end of each treatment. The degree of stress was evaluated daily by heart rate variability at rest. The behavior during training was evaluated by a questionnaire answered by the riders, and the distance covered during training was measured by global positioning system. When NT was allowed, the horses showed less lying in the stable compared with the treatments with turnout. Heart rate variability measurements resulted in great individual differences, but generally, there was a higher degree of stress shown with the treatment NT according to the following parameters: standard deviation of inter-beat-intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between successive inter-beat-intervals (RMSSD), and ratio between low frequency and high frequency (LF/HF). The willingness to perform was evaluated as being slightly better in the treatments with turnout than in the treatment without turnout. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0737-0806 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6626 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hampson, B.A.; Zabek, M.A.; Pollitt, C.C.; Nock, B. | ||||
| Title | Health and behaviour consequences of feral horse relocation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Rangel. J. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
33 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 173-180 |
| Keywords | equine, GPS, movement, range. | ||||
| Abstract | Despite ongoing projects involving the breeding and release of equids into semi-wild and wild environments, insufficient information is available in the literature that describes strategies used by equids to adapt and survive in a novel environment. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of naïve, feral Equus caballus (horse) mares to cope in a novel feral horse environment and investigate possible reasons why some may not survive this challenge. Four mares taken from a semi-arid desert environment remained in good health but significantly changed their movement behaviour pattern when surrounded by prime grazing habitat in a mesic temperate grassland. Three of the four mares captured from the prime grazing habitat and released in the semi-arid desert habitat died, apparently due to stress and/or starvation, within 8 weeks of release. The fourth mare survived 4 months but lost considerable weight.The group of mares relocated to the semi-arid desert environment had difficulty adapting to relocation and did not take up the movement behaviour strategy of local horses, which required long distance treks from a central water hole to distant feeding areas at least 15 km away. The movement behaviour, range use and health consequences of relocating equids may be of interest to wildlife ecologists, animal behaviourists and horse welfare groups. The observations may be used to guide those intending on relocating managed domestic and native horses to novel habitats. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6210 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S. | ||||
| Title | A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Journal of Applled Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Ecol |
| Volume |
33 | Issue | Pages | 1561-1571 | |
| Keywords | Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability. | ||||
| Abstract | 1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than 500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals. 2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant. 3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock. 4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey in tlie diet decreased. 5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation measures. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6387 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Burch, J.W.; Layne, G.A.; Follmann, E.H.; Rexstad, E.A. | ||||
| Title | Evaluation of Wolf Density Estimation from Radiotelemetry Data | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Wildl Soc Bull | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
33 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Burch2005 | Serial | 6477 | ||
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| Author | Maloney, S.J. | ||||
| Title | The Relationship Between Asymmetry and Athletic Performance: A Critical Review | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
33 | Issue | 9 | Pages | |
| Keywords | symmetry; imbalance; power; strength | ||||
| Abstract | Maloney, SJ. The relationship between asymmetry and athletic performance: A critical review. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2579-2593, 2019--Symmetry may be defined as the quality to demonstrate an exact correspondence of size, shape, and form when split along a given axis. Although it has been widely asserted that the bilateral asymmetries are detrimental to athletic performance, research does not wholly support such an association. Moreover, the research rarely seeks to distinguish between different types of bilateral asymmetry. Fluctuating asymmetries describe bilateral differences in anthropometric attributes, such as nostril width and ear size, and are thought to represent the developmental stability of an organism. There is evidence to suggest that fluctuating asymmetries may be related to impaired athletic performance, although contradictory findings have been reported. Sporting asymmetries is a term that may better describe bilateral differences in parameters, such as force output or jump height. These asymmetries are likely to be a function of limb dominance and magnified by long-standing participation within sport. Sporting asymmetries do not seem to carry a clear influence on athletic performance measures. Given the vast discrepancy in the methodologies used by different investigations, further research is warranted. Recent investigations have demonstrated that training interventions can reduce sporting asymmetries and improve performance. However, studies have not sought to determine whether the influence of sporting asymmetry is independent of improvements in neuromuscular parameters. It may be hypothesized that the deficient (weaker) limb has a greater potential for adaptation in comparison to the strong limb and may demonstrate greater responsiveness to training. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1064-8011 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 00124278-201909000-00032 | Serial | 6662 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Crowell-Davis, S.L. | ||||
| Title | Spatial relations between mares and foals of the Welsh pony (Equus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Beh |
| Volume |
34 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1007-1015 |
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| Abstract | Welsh pony mares and foals (Equus caballus) were usually found to be within 1 or 5 m of each other during the first week of the foal's life and gradually spent more time at greater distances as the foals became older. There was an overall levelling of the trend during the 9th-15th weeks of life of the foal, followed by a second period of change during weeks 16-24. Through weeks 21-24, mares and foals spent at least half of their time within 5 m of each other. Proximity was primarily due to foal activity except during foal recumbency. During the first 8 weeks of the foal's life, a mare remained close by when it was recumbent, either by grazing in a circle around it or by standing upright beside it. Mares and foals were most likely to be close together when they were resting upright with the other ponies in the herd and most likely to be far apart when the foal was playing. Similarities in patterns of spatial relationship between the foals of a given mare were demonstrated. There was no difference between colts and filies in the development of independence. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6505 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Morgan, K.; Funkquist, P.; Nyman, G. | ||||
| Title | The effect of coat clipping on thermoregulation during intense exercise in trotters | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Veterinary Journal |
| Volume |
34 | Issue | S34 | Pages | 564-567 |
| Keywords | horse; thermoregulation; heat loss; recovery; blood temperature; oxygen uptake | ||||
| Abstract | Summary The aim of this study was to study the physiological, especially thermoregulatory, responses during intense exercise in the clipped horse compared to the horse with winter coat. Six Standardbred trotters were studied before and after clipping. They performed an inclined incremental high intensity treadmill exercise test and were monitored during recovery. The clipped horse differed significantly (ANOVA) during exercise as compare to coated: less increase in central venous blood temperature, higher skin surface temperature, greater difference skin to ambient temperature and higher rate of nonevaporative heat loss. The clipped horse had significantly lower total cutaneous evaporative heat loss from walk to end of peak exercise and a shorter time for recovery for the respiratory rate using a paired t test. The clipped horse showed a tendency (P = 0.059) to decreased oxygen uptake during the stepwise increase in workload. We concluded that the clipped horse experienced less strain on the thermoregulatory system due to an enhanced heat loss. Some clipped horses in the study showed a more efficient power output; future studies with emphasis on respiration and oxygen demand are needed to explain this. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | American Medical Association (AMA) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05484.x | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6614 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Dyson, S. | ||||
| Title | The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Education | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet Educ |
| Volume |
34 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 372-380 |
| Keywords | horse; lameness; canter; behaviour; saddle-fit; rider skill | ||||
| Abstract | Summary The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) comprises 24 behaviours, the majority of which are at least 10 times more likely to be seen in lame horses compared with non-lame horses. The observation of >=8/24 behaviours is likely to reflect the presence of musculoskeletal pain, although some lame horses score <8/24 behaviours. A marked reduction in RHpE scores after resolution of lameness using diagnostic anaesthesia proves a causal relationship between pain and RHpE scores. Horses should be assessed for approximately 10?min in walk, trot (including 10?m diameter circles), canter and transitions. The validity of the RHpE has been verified for use in horses which perform dressage-type movements, and which have been trained to work with the front of the head in a vertical position. It has not, as yet, been used in horses while jumping, racehorses, western performance or endurance horses. The RHpE provides a valuable tool for riders, trainers, veterinarians and other equine professionals to recognise the presence of musculoskeletal pain, even if overt lameness cannot be recognised. Riders with a higher skill-level may improve gait quality, but cannot obscure behavioural signs of pain, although specific behaviours may change. Tight saddle tree points, the rider sitting on the caudal third of the saddle and rider weight may influence RHpE scores. Accurate application of the RHpE requires training and practice. The RHpE is a powerful tool for the assessment of ridden horses and the identification of likely musculoskeletal pain. Such pain merits further investigation and treatment, to improve equine welfare and performance. The RHpE provides an additional means of evaluating the response to diagnostic anaesthesia. It provides a mechanism for client education and a diplomatic way of communicating with clients about equine discomfort related to saddle-fit, rider size, their position in the saddle and ability to ride in balance. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | American Medical Association (AMA) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0957-7734 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13468 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6693 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||