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| Author | Blazyczek, I.; Hamann, H.; Deegen, E.; Distl, O.; Ohnesorge, B. | ||||
| Title | Retrospective analysis of 50 cases of guttural pouch tympany in foals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Veterinary Record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
Volume  |
154 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 261-264 |
| Keywords | Animals; Female; Germany/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/*surgery; Horses; Male; Pharyngeal Diseases/epidemiology/surgery/*veterinary; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Species Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | Between 1994 and 2001, guttural pouch tympany was diagnosed in 51 foals; there were approximately three times as many fillies as colts, of Arabian, different German warmblood breeds and Western horse breeds. There were significantly more Arabian and paint horse foals than expected in comparison with the breed distribution of the foals hospitalised at the Clinic for Horses. The foals' breed and sex did not influence the age of onset, the type and severity of the clinical signs or the recurrence rate. A surgical laser technique was used on 50 of the foals; in 35 cases only one surgical treatment was necessary, in seven cases a second operation was required during the foal's initial period of hospitalisation, and in eight cases a second operation was performed during a second period of hospitalisation. Long-term follow-up information was obtained for 44 of the 50 treated horses; 24 of them were under two years of age and 20 were over two years of age. In six horses, no follow-up information was available. Four horses were euthanased for reasons unrelated to the condition or its treatment. The horses over two years of age were in training or were being used for competitions in dressage or jumping or for breeding purposes, and in only one of them was an adventitious respiratory noise reported. All the horses up to two years of age were reported to be healthy. | ||||
| Address | Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17p, D-30559 Hannover, Germany | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15029964 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3719 | ||
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| Author | Wilkins, L.J.; Brown, S.N.; Zimmerman, P.H.; Leeb, C.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
| Title | Investigation of palpation as a method for determining the prevalence of keel and furculum damage in laying hens | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Veterinary record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume |
155 | Issue | 18 | Pages | 547-549 |
| Keywords | Animal Husbandry/methods; Animal Welfare; Animals; Bone and Bones/*injuries; Chickens/*injuries; Female; Fractures, Bone/diagnosis/epidemiology/*veterinary; Great Britain/epidemiology; Housing, Animal/standards; Oviposition; Palpation/methods/*veterinary; Poultry Diseases/*diagnosis/epidemiology; Prevalence; Sensitivity and Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | Old breaks of the keel and furculum were identified by palpation in 500 end-of-lay hens from 10 flocks housed in free-range and barn systems, and the results were compared with the results obtained by a full dissection and inspection. The method was considered to be sufficiently precise to be used as a diagnostic tool although people using it would need to be trained. The results obtained by dissection indicated that 50 to 78 per cent of the birds in the flocks had breaks of the furculum and keel, but no other breaks of bones were detected. | ||||
| Address | Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15559420 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 70 | ||
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| Author | Landman, M.A.A.M.; de Blaauw, J.A.; van Weeren, P.R.; Hofland, L.J. | ||||
| Title | Field study of the prevalence of lameness in horses with back problems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Veterinary Record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume |
155 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 165-168 |
| Keywords | Animals; Back Pain/epidemiology/*veterinary; Case-Control Studies; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology; Horses; Lameness, Animal/epidemiology; Netherlands/epidemiology; Osteoarthritis/epidemiology/*veterinary; Prevalence; Records/veterinary; Retrospective Studies | ||||
| Abstract | A population of 805 horses (70 per cent dressage, 20 per cent show jumpers and 10 per cent trotters) with orthopaedic problems was examined for signs of lameness and back problems, irrespective of their original complaints. In the horses with a back problem the prevalence of lameness was 74 per cent, and back problems were diagnosed in 32 per cent of the lame horses. These percentages were significantly higher than those recorded in a control population of 399 horses, of which 20 per cent were lame and 12 per cent had back problems. In the group of horses with orthopaedic problems there was a strong association between lameness and back problems and, in particular, there was a high prevalence of lameness among the horses with back problems. | ||||
| Address | Bodegraven Equine Clinic, Zuidzijde 63, NL-2411 RT Bodegraven, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15357376 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3717 | ||
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| Author | Pinchbeck, G.L.; Clegg, P.D.; Proudman, C.J.; Morgan, K.L.; French, N.P. | ||||
| Title | Case-control investigation of the factors affecting the risk of horses falling during steeplechase racing in the UK | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Veterinary Record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume |
155 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 11-15 |
| Keywords | Accidental Falls/*prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data; Animals; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control/*veterinary; Case-Control Studies; England/epidemiology; Horses/*injuries; Risk Factors; Running/*injuries | ||||
| Abstract | A concurrent case-control study of 12 UK racecourses was made between March 1, 2000, and August 31, 2001, to identify and quantify the factors associated with the risk of horses falling in steeplechase races. Cases were defined as a jumping effort at a steeplechase fence that resulted in a fall and controls were defined as a successful jumping effort over any steeplechase fence at any of the 12 racecourses within 14 days before or after the case fall. Information on the horse, the jockey and the race were collected and all the fences on all the courses were surveyed. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between the predictor variables and the risk of falling. There was one fall per 254 jumping efforts. The risk of a horse falling decreased the more times it had raced on a particular racecourse. The number of fences, the distance from the previous fence and the nature of the previous fence also affected the risk of falling. If the previous fence was a water jump the risk of falling increased; fences that were sited on flat or slight uphill gradients (up to approximately 1 in 25) were associated with a lower risk of horses falling than downhill fences, and higher takeoff boards were associated with a higher risk of falling. | ||||
| Address | Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston CH64 7TE | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15264483 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3773 | ||
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| Author | Gardner, A., West, S. A. | ||||
| Title | Cooperation and Punishment, Especially in Humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The American Naturalist | Abbreviated Journal | Americ. Natur. |
| Volume |
164 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 753-764 |
| Keywords | kin selection, neighbor-modulated fitness, repression of | ||||
| Abstract | Explaining altruistic cooperation is one of the greatest challenges faced by sociologists, economists, and evolutionary biologists. The problem is determining why an individual would carry out a costly behavior that benefits another. Possible solutions to this problem include kinship, repeated interactions, and policing. Another solution that has recently received much attention is the threat of punishment. However, punishing behavior is often costly for the punisher, and so it is not immediately clear how costly punishment could evolve. We use a direct (neighbor-modulated) fitness approach to analyze when punishment is favored. This methodology reveals that, contrary to previous suggestions, relatedness between interacting individuals is not crucial to explaining cooperation through punishment. In fact, increasing relatedness directly disfavors punishing behavior. Instead, the crucial factor is a positive correlation between the punishment strategy of an individual and the cooperation it receives. This could arise in several ways, such as when facultative adjustment of behavior leads individuals to cooperate more when interacting with individuals who are more likely to punish. More generally, our results provide a clear example of how the fundamental factor driving the evolution of social traits is a correlation between social partners and how this can arise for reasons other than genealogical kinship. |
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| Address | University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 341 | ||
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| Author | Dubois, F.; Giraldeau, L.-A.; Hamilton, I.M.; Grant, J.W.A.; Lefebvre, L. | ||||
| Title | Distraction sneakers decrease the expected level of aggression within groups: a game-theoretic model | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The American Naturalist | Abbreviated Journal | Am Nat |
| Volume |
164 | Issue | 2 | Pages | E32-45 |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Competitive Behavior; Cooperative Behavior; *Game Theory; Hawks/*physiology; Models, Biological | ||||
| Abstract | Hawk-dove games have been extensively used to predict the conditions under which group-living animals should defend their resources against potential usurpers. Typically, game-theoretic models on aggression consider that resource defense may entail energetic and injury costs. However, intruders may also take advantage of owners who are busy fighting to sneak access to unguarded resources, imposing thereby an additional cost on the use of the escalated hawk strategy. In this article we modify the two-strategy hawk-dove game into a three-strategy hawk-dove-sneaker game that incorporates a distraction-sneaking tactic, allowing us to explore its consequences on the expected level of aggression within groups. Our model predicts a lower proportion of hawks and hence lower frequencies of aggressive interactions within groups than do previous two-strategy hawk-dove games. The extent to which distraction sneakers decrease the frequency of aggression within groups, however, depends on whether they search only for opportunities to join resources uncovered by other group members or for both unchallenged resources and opportunities to usurp. | ||||
| Address | Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Case postale 8888 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada. frede_dubois@yahoo.fr | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1537-5323 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15278850 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2130 | |||
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| Author | Pinchbeck, G.L.; Clegg, P.D.; Proudman, C.J.; Stirk, A.; Morgan, K.L.; French, N.P. | ||||
| Title | Horse injuries and racing practices in National Hunt racehorses in the UK: the results of a prospective cohort study | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
167 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 45-52 |
| Keywords | Racehorse; Horse; Injury; Cohort; National Hunt | ||||
| Abstract | A prospective cohort study was conducted on horses starting in hurdle and steeplechase races on six UK racecourses in 2000 and 2001. Trainers or carers were questioned on the horses' pre-race routine and observational data were collected in the stables and parade ring. Some practices were common to many starters, such as withholding food and water before racing whereas other practices, such as schooling frequency, were more variable. There was a total of 2879 starts and a total of 83 injuries or medical events (28.8/1000 starts). The commonest types of injury were tendon/suspensory injuries and lacerations/wounds. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the relationship between predictor variables and the risk of injury. Risk of injury or medical event was associated with distance of the race and weight carried. The risk of injury, excluding medical events, was associated with the speed of the race and foot conformation. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3672 | ||
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| Author | Spier, S.J.; Berger Pusterla, J.; Villarroel, A.; Pusterla, N. | ||||
| Title | Outcome of tactile conditioning of neonates, or “imprint training” on selected handling measures in foals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
168 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 252-258 |
| Keywords | Early handling; Imprint train; Neonatal foals; Horse | ||||
| Abstract | Behavioural reactions to selected handling procedures were compared between conditioned, or imprint-trained, and untrained foals raised on the same farm. Nineteen randomly chosen healthy foals were imprint trained at birth and 24 h later (Group A). Twenty-one similar foals that were not imprint-trained served as age-matched controls (Group B). Training began within 10 min of birth and consisted of touch desensitization by gentle rubbing. Each tactile stimulus was repeated 30-50 times over 45-60 min, until the foal no longer resisted the procedure and appeared relaxed. The procedure was then repeated at 24 h of age. At that time a physical examination and blood analysis were performed to assess the foals' health status. Group B animals were not handled except for a brief physical examination and blood analysis at 24 h of age. Thereafter all foals were kept on pastures with their dams with no further handling until they were three months of age. Any foals handled for other reasons before that time were excluded from the study. At three months, each of the 28 foals that completed the study experienced the following handling procedures: acceptance of restraint, haltering, complete physical examination, acceptance of a plastic rebreathing bag, touching the whole body, intramuscular vaccination in the neck, intranasal vaccination, and deworming with oral paste. Response to each procedure was scored (1=not resistant, 2=low resistance, 3=strong resistance, 4=not possible without major physical restraint). Conditioned foals (Group A) were significantly less resistant to touching the front and hind legs and picking up the hind feet (P<0.05). The administration of vaccines and paste dewormer and the collection of blood were tolerated by the majority of the foals of both groups with no or low resistance. It appeared that neonatal imprint training resulted in a learned behaviour that resulted in decreased self-defence responses towards handling the limbs at three months of age. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3684 | ||
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| Author | Hieshima, K.; Kawasaki, Y.; Hanamoto, H.; Nakayama, T.; Nagakubo, D.; Kanamaru, A.; Yoshie, O. | ||||
| Title | CC Chemokine Ligands 25 and 28 Play Essential Roles in Intestinal Extravasation of IgA Antibody-Secreting Cells | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Journal of Immunology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
173 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 3668-3675 |
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| Abstract | CCL25 (also known as thymus-expressed chemokine) and CCL28 (also known as mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine) play important roles in mucosal immunity by recruiting IgA Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) into mucosal lamina propria. However, their exact roles in vivo still remain to be defined. In this study, we first demonstrated in mice that IgA ASCs in small intestine expressed CCR9, CCR10, and CXCR4 on the cell surface and migrated to their respective ligands CCL25, CCL28, and CXCL12 (also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1), whereas IgA ASCs in colon mainly expressed CCR10 and CXCR4 and migrated to CCL28 and CXCL12. Reciprocally, the epithelial cells of small intestine were immunologically positive for CCL25 and CCL28, whereas those of colon were positive for CCL28 and CXCL12. Furthermore, the venular endothelial cells in small intestine were positive for CCL25 and CCL28, whereas those in colon were positive for CCL28, suggesting their direct roles in extravasation of IgA ASCs. Consistently, in mice orally immunized with cholera toxin (CT), anti-CCL25 suppressed homing of CT-specific IgA ASCs into small intestine, whereas anti-CCL28 suppressed homing of CT-specific IgA ASCs into both small intestine and colon. Reciprocally, CT-specific ASCs and IgA titers in the blood were increased in mice treated with anti-CCL25 or anti-CCL28. Anti-CXCL12 had no such effects. Finally, both CCL25 and CCL28 were capable of enhancing α4 integrin-dependent adhesion of IgA ASCs to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 and VCAM-1. Collectively, CCL25 and CCL28 play essential roles in intestinal homing of IgA ASCs primarily by mediating their extravasation into intestinal lamina propria. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3668 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6011 | ||
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| Author | Dutto, D.J.; Hoyt, D.F.; Clayton, H.M.; Cogger, E.A.; Wickler, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Moments and power generated by the horse (Equus caballus) hind limb during jumping | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Journal of Experimental Biology | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Biol |
| Volume |
207 | Issue | Pt 4 | Pages | 667-674 |
| Keywords | Animals; Biomechanics; Hindlimb/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | The ability to jump over an obstacle depends upon the generation of work across the joints of the propelling limb(s). The total work generated by one hind limb of a horse and the contribution to the total work by four joints of the hind limb were determined for a jump. It was hypothesized that the hip and ankle joints would have extensor moments performing positive work, while the knee would have a flexor moment and perform negative work during the jump. Ground reaction forces and sagittal plane kinematics were simultaneously recorded during each jumping trial. Joint moment, power and work were determined for the metatarsophalangeal (MP), tarsal (ankle), tibiofemoral (knee) and coxofemoral (hip) joints. The hip, knee and ankle all flexed and then extended and the MP extended and then flexed during ground contact. Consistent with our hypothesis, large extensor moments were observed at the hip and ankle joints and large flexor moments at the knee and MP joints throughout ground contact of the hind limb. Peak moments tended to occur earlier in stance in the proximal joints but peak power generation of the hind limb joints occurred at similar times except for the MP joint, with the hip and ankle peaking first followed by the MP joint. During the first portion of ground contact (approximately 40%), the net result of the joint powers was the absorption of power. During the remainder of the contact period, the hind limb generated power. This pattern of power absorption followed by power generation paralleled the power profiles of the hip, ankle and MP joints. The total work performed by one hind limb was 0.71 J kg(-1). Surprisingly, the knee produced 85% of the work (0.60 J kg(-1)) done by the hind limb, and the positive work performed by the knee occurred during the first 40% of the take-off. There is little net work generated by the other three joints over the entire take-off. Velocity of the tuber coxae (a landmark on the pelvis of the animal) was negative (downward) during the first 40% of stance, which perhaps reflects the negative work performed to decrease the potential energy during the first 40% of contact. During the final 60% of contact, the hip, ankle and MP joints generate positive work, which is reflected in the increase of the animal's potential energy. | ||||
| Address | Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA. ddutto@csupomona.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-0949 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:14718509 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3654 | ||
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