Records |
Author |
Robinson, T.A.; Foster, T.M.; Temple, W.; Poling, A. |
Title |
Performance of domestic hens under progressive-ratio schedules of food delivery |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
34 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
233-239 |
Keywords |
Progressive-ratio schedule; Domestic hen; Behavioral economics; Satiation |
Abstract |
Domestic hens were exposed to progressive-ratio 2 and progressive-ratio 10 schedules of food delivery with different initial ratios (2, 10, 20, 30, and 40). Breaking points, defined as the largest ratios completed before responding ceased for 600 consecutive seconds, were recorded under all conditions. In general, breaking points were higher under the PR 10 schedule than under the PR 2 schedule, and the value of the initial ratio did not systematically affect the breaking point. The former finding suggests that relative satiation affected breaking points in the present study, but the latter finding suggests that the primary determinant was the `price' of the reinforcer, defined in terms of the number of responses required to produce it. Breaking points were similar under conditions where initial ratios changed from session to session and under more conventional conditions, where initial ratios remained unchanged over several sessions. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3605 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Chalmeau, R.; Gallo, A. |
Title |
Cooperation in primates: Critical analysis of behavioural criteria |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
35 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
101-111 |
Keywords |
Cognition; Communication; Cooperation; Evolution; Primates |
Abstract |
Concerning hunting in chimpanzees, cooperation has generally been attributed to the behaviour of two or more individuals acting together to achieve a common goal (Boesch and Boesch, 1989). The common goal is often considered as the concrete result of a common action by two or several individuals. Although this result could be used as a criterion for cooperation, it could also be an outcome due to chance. We suggest that the goal, viewed as a concrete benefit shared by the partners, is not a requisite of cooperation but rather a possible consequence of a common action largely submitted to social constraints. Individuals engaged in a cooperative task in order to solve a problem have to exchange information to adjust to each other's behaviour. However, evidence of communication between partners during simultaneous cooperation is rare. An experiment in which two chimpanzees each had to simultaneously pull a handle to get a fruit was performed. We analysed not only the concrete result of the partners' activity but also what the individuals took into account before pulling a handle. We tried to specify what the chimpanzees learned by means of a series of logical propositions which we were able to confront the experimental results. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
570 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Lefebvre, L. |
Title |
Ecological correlates of social learning: problems and solutions for the comparative method |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
35 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
163-171 |
Keywords |
Adaptive specialization; Social learning; Comparative method |
Abstract |
Interspecific variation in learning and cognition is often accounted for by adaptive specialization, an ecological framework where variation between species in the environmental problems they face is thought to select for quantitatively and/or qualitatively different abilities. Adaptive specialization theory relies on the comparative method for testing its hypotheses and assumes a naturally selected basis for the predicted differences. This review examines social learning as a specialization to group-living and scramble feeding competition. It points out one important problem with current studies in the area, the lack of quantitative controls for confounding variables that may cause type 1 or 2 error in comparative tests. A linear regression technique is proposed to measure and remove interspecific differences on control tests for which there is no predicted adaptive specialization; as in other areas of comparative biology, the adaptive prediction is then made on the residual deviation from the regression of these confounding variables. Examples are given from research on opportunistic Columbids, the group-living feral pigeon Columbia livia, and the territorial Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
843 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Gärdenfors P. |
Title |
Cued and detached representations in animal cognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
35 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
263-273 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
|
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
3454 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Beer C.G. |
Title |
Trial and error in the evolution of cognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
35 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
215-224 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
|
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
3455 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Kraak, S.B.M. |
Title |
`Copying mate choice': Which phenomena deserve this term? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
36 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
99-102 |
Keywords |
Copying mate choice; Proximate/ultimate causes |
Abstract |
|
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1816 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Poling, A.; Temple, W.; Foster, T.M. |
Title |
The differential outcomes effect: A demonstration in domestic chickens responding under a titrating-delayed-matching-to-sample procedure |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
36 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
109-115 |
Keywords |
Domestic hen; Titrating-delayed-matching-to-sample procedure; Differential outcomes effect; Conditional discrimination; Animal welfare |
Abstract |
The differential outcomes effect refers to the increase in speed of acquisition or terminal accuracy that occurs in discrimination training when each of two or more discriminative stimuli is correlated with a different outcome (e.g. type of reinforcer). The present study demonstrated this effect in domestic hens exposed to a titrating-delayed-matching-to-sample procedure, under which correct responses increased (and incorrect responses decreased) the delay between the offset of a sample stimulus and the onset of two comparison stimuli. Colors of key illumination (red, green) were used as sample and comparison stimuli and correct responses resulted in 1- or 4-s food deliveries. When 1-s food deliveries consistently followed correct responses to one key color and 4-s food deliveries followed correct responses to the other key color, the maximum delay reached by the hens and their overall accuracy was significantly higher than when 1- and 4-s food deliveries were randomly arranged following correct responses to both key colors. These data constitute the first demonstration of the differential outcomes effect in chickens, and in any species evaluated under a titrating-delayed-matching-to-sample procedure. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3604 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Levin, L.E. |
Title |
Passage order through different pathways in groups of schooling fish, and the diversified leadership hypothesis |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
37 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-8 |
Keywords |
Animal sociality; Inter-individual variability; Aggregation-dispersion; Group problem solving |
Abstract |
The diversified leadership hypothesis proposes that different individuals within a school of fish act as leaders in different circumstances. This `circumstantial leadership' results from inter-individual behavioral variability and a `cohesion-dispersion' tendency modulated by `failure-success' contingencies. The hypothesis predicts that when offered different pathways to escape the restriction of their swimming space, individuals within a group of fish will show 1. (a) consistent passage orders in each pathway, but2. (b) different passage orders in different pathways. Using an avoidance paddle and three different groups of fish (Aphyocharax erithrurus) the results confirmed prediction 1. (a) while prediction2. (b) was verified only in one group. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
Serial |
2069 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Hogue, M.-E.; Beaugrand, J.P.; Lague, P.C. |
Title |
Coherent use of information by hens observing their former dominant defeating or being defeated by a stranger |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
38 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
241-252 |
Keywords |
Domestic fowl; Dominance; Hierarchy formation; Observation; Transitive inference |
Abstract |
This study examines the role of observation during the formation of triads in female domestic hens. Results indicate that during hierarchy formation, a hen observing agonistic interactions and conflict settlement between its former dominant and a stranger uses this information when in turn confronted by the latter. Under a first condition (E, N = 15 triads), bystanders witnessed their prior dominant being defeated by a stranger before being introduced to them. In a second condition (C1, N = 16 triads), bystanders witnessed the victory of their prior dominant over a stranger. In a third condition (C2, N = 15 triads), bystanders witnessed two strangers establishing a dominance relationship before being introduced to their prior dominant and to a stranger the former had just defeated. The behavioural strategies of bystanders depended on the issue of the conflict they had witnessed. Bystanders of the E condition behaved as having no chance of defeating the stranger. They never initiated an attack against it, and upon being attacked, readily submitted in turn to the stranger. On the contrary, bystanders of the C1 condition behaved as having some chances against the stranger. They initiated attacks in 50% of cases, and won 50% of conflicts against the stranger. Under condition C2, bystanders first initiated contact with the strangers in only 27% of cases, which approximates the average of their chances for defeating the stranger. However, bystanders finally defeated the strangers in 40% of cases. These results suggest that bystanders of conditions E and C1 gained some information on the relationship existing between their prior dominant and the stranger and that they used it coherently, perhaps through transitive inference, thus contributing to the existence of transitive relationships within the triads. Alternate explanations are examined. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
396 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Foster, T.M.; Temple, W.; Cameron, B.; Poling, A. |
Title |
Demand curves for food in hens: Similarity under fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio schedules |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
39 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
177-185 |
Keywords |
Progressive-ratio schedule; Fixed-ratio schedule; Demand curves; Behavioral economics; Animal welfare; Keypecking; Chickens |
Abstract |
Demand curves were generated for five domestic hens under progressive-ratio 5 schedules of food delivery and under fixed-ratio schedules of food delivery that began at fixed-ratio 5 and were incremented by 5 each session. All sessions ended after 10 consecutive minutes without a response. Although response rates at a given ratio were higher under the progressive-ratio schedule, all hens completed higher ratios under the fixed-ratio schedule. Similar, but not identical, demand curves were generated under progressive-ratio and fixed-ratio schedules. Under both schedules, consumption (reinforcers earned) decreased as cost (ratio size) increased. Data generally were well described by an equation in which elasticity of demand is constant, although an equation in which elasticity could vary accounted for slightly more of the variance. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3603 |
Permanent link to this record |