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Author |
Byrne R.W. |
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Title |
The evolution of intelligence |
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Year |
1994 |
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Behaviour and Evolution |
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223-265 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge,UK |
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P.J.B. Slater and T.R. Halliday |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6566 |
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Author |
Boyd, L.; Houpt, K..A. |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Przewalski's Horse. The History and Biology of an Endangered Species |
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Book Whole |
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1994 |
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SUNY Press |
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313 |
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SUNY Press |
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9780791418895 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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971 |
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Author |
Manson, J.H. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Male aggression: a cost of female mate choice in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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48 |
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473-475 |
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10.1006/anbe.1994.1262 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4888 |
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Author |
Vlajkoviç, S.; Nikoliç, V.; Nikoliç, A.; Milanoviç, S.žA.; Jankoviç, B.D. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Asymmetrical Modulation of Immune Reactivity in Left- and Right-Biased Rats After Ipsilateral Ablation of the Prefrontal, Parietal and Occipital Brain Neocortex |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Int J Neurosci |
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International Journal of Neuroscience |
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78 |
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1-2 |
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123-134 |
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Brain asymmetry, brain neocortex, cortical ablation, rotational behavior, rotational bias, immune responses, neuroimmunomodulation, neuroimmunology |
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We report here on the lateralized brain immunomodulation in male Wistar rats, a phenomenon related to the rotational bias of animal and the site of cortical lesion. Rats assigned to left- and right-rotators in a cylindrical Plexiglass rotometer were subjected to the ablation of the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), parietal cortex (PC) and occipital cortex (OC) and sensitized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Intact and sham-lesioned left-biased animals demonstrated increased Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions and antibody production to BSA in comparison with corresponding right-biased animals. PFC ablation decreased humoral and cellular immune responses to BSA in left- but increased in right-biased rats. Lesioning of PC decreased humoral immune reactions in left- but increased in right-rotating animals. OC ablation failed to produce immunological abnormalities, These results suggest that immunopotentiation is associated with the left neocortex, and immunosuppression with the right neocortex. The prefrontal cortex appears to be particularly associated with immune reactions. |
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Informa Clin Med |
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0020-7454 |
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doi: 10.3109/00207459408986051 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5777 |
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Author |
Sappington, B.F.; Goldman, L. |
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Title |
Discrimination learning and concept formation in the Arabian horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
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J. Anim Sci. |
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72 |
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12 |
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3080-3087 |
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Discrimination learning and concept formation abilities were investigated in four mature Arabian horses. A series of two-choice discrimination problems were presented on stimulus panels that could open to allow access to food bowls. Selection of the correct stimulus resulted in food reinforcement, and an incorrect choice was not rewarded. The positions of the correct and incorrect stimuli were varied randomly during each test session, and the criterion for learning each problem was 85% correct for two consecutive sessions of 30 or 40 trials. Testing progressed through six discrimination problems. The first four were simple pattern discriminations, but the last two incorporated several different triangles as correct stimuli and thus involved the concept of triangularity. Two of the subjects successfully completed only simple pattern discriminations, one showed evidence of learning in the first concept problem, and one completed all six tests, including the two concept formation problems. The results demonstrate complex pattern discrimination ability in horses, and suggest that they may also have the ability to form and use concepts in problem solving. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3569 |
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Author |
Walter, G.; Reisner, A. |
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Title |
Student opinion formation on animal agriculture issues |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
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J. Anim Sci. |
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72 |
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6 |
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1654-1658 |
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N1 - |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2935 |
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Author |
Minton, J.E. |
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Title |
Function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system in models of acute stress in domestic farm animals |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Journal of Animal Science |
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J. Anim Sci. |
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72 |
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7 |
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1891-1898 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2942 |
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Author |
Gonyou, H.W. |
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Title |
Why the study of animal behavior is associated with the animal welfare issue |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Journal of Animal Science |
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J. Anim Sci. |
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72 |
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8 |
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2171-2177 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2931 |
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Author |
Marinier, S.L.; Alexander, A.J. |
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Title |
The use of a maze in testing learning and memory in horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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39 |
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2 |
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177-182 |
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Horses; Learning; Memory; Maze; Exercise |
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Two mazes were used to test the learning ability and memory of horses, and changes in these abilities. Testing was done on four occasions. On Occasion 1, the horses were run through Maze A until they had reached the criterion of three consecutive correct runs. A week later (Occasion 2), they were retested in Maze A to the same criterion as a measure of memory. On Occasion 3,2 months later, the horses were run through Mazes A and B until they reached the criterion. Occasion 4 took place 1 week later when they were run through Mazes A and B. An estimation of changes in ability to learn came from a comparison of results from Occasions 1 and 3. Similarly, changes in ability to remember came from a comparison of results from Occasions 2 and 4. Nine horses with a variable amount of riding training were the subjects. All horses were able to learn the maze, but the ability varied among horses. There was no obvious correlation between quality of handling of the horses and learning ability. Once the horses had learned the maze, they remembered it perfectly on subsequent occasions. There were changes in the memory and learning ability of the horses, but no clear explanation for this could be found. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3573 |
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Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Daytime rest behavior of the Welsh pony (Equus caballus) mare and foal |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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40 |
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3-4 |
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197-210 |
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Horse; Behavior; Rest; Sleep; Pony; Foal |
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Upright and recumbent rest of 15 Welsh pony foals and their mothers was studied over a 2 year period. During their first week of life, the foals spent 32% of the time in recumbent rest. Subsequently, the percentage of time spent in recumbent rest decreased, but was still greater than for the foal's mother by Week 21, when the foals spent 6.5% of their time in recumbent rest. Adults spent little time in recumbent rest. Foals rested upright only 3.5% of the time during their first week of life. Mares rested upright more than foals did to Week 13, at which time peak values for time spent in upright rest occurred for both mares (32.5%) and foals (23%). Subsequently, mares and foals spent equal, but decreasing, amounts of time resting upright. The total time spent resting by the foals decreased gradually, and was characterized by a transition from recumbent rest to upright rest. Foals were more likely to be resting, either recumbent or upright, if their mother was resting upright. During the late spring, summer, and early autumn, mares and foals were most likely to be resting upright between 09:00 and 17:00 h. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2269 |
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