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	Author	Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, J.G.
	Title	*Reversal of female mate choice by copying in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society	Abbreviated Journal	Proc Biol Sci
	Volume	249	Issue	1325	Pages	179-184
	Keywords	Acclimatization; Animals; Choice Behavior; Female; Male; Poecilia; Sexual Behavior, Animal
	Abstract	Ever since Fisher (1958) formalized models of sexual selection, female mate choice has been assumed to be a genetically determined trait. Females, however, may also use social cues to select mates. One such cue might be the mate choice of conspecifics. Here we report the first direct evidence that a female's preference for a particular male can in fact be reversed by social cues. In our experiments using the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata), this reversal was mediated by mate-copying opportunities, such that a female (the 'focal' female) is given the opportunity to choose between two males, followed by a period in which she observes a second female (the 'model' female) displaying a preference for the male she herself did not prefer initially. When allowed to choose between the same males a second time, compared with control tests, a significant proportion of focal females reversed their mate choice and copied the preference of the model female. These results provide strong evidence for the role of non-genetic factors in sexual selection and underlie the need for new models of sexual selection that explicitly incorporate both genetic and cultural aspects of mate choice.
	Address	Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0962-8452	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1360679			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1824
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	Author	Novacek, M.J.
	Title	Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	356	Issue	6365	Pages	121-125
	Keywords	Animals; Evolution; Fossils; Mammals/classification/genetics; Phylogeny
	Abstract	Recent palaeontological discoveries and the correspondence between molecular and morphological results provide fresh insight on the deep structure of mammalian phylogeny. This new wave of research, however, has yet to resolve some important issues.
	Address	American Museum of Natural History, New York 10024
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0028-0836	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1545862			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3546
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	Author	Rubenstein, D. I.; Hack, M. A.
	Title	Horse signals: The sounds and scents of fury			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Evolutionary Ecology	Abbreviated Journal	Evol. Ecol.
	Volume	6	Issue	3	Pages	254-260
	Keywords	ommunication – combat – fighting ability – individual identity – signals – information – assessment – displays
	Abstract	During contests animals typically exchange information about fighting ability. Among feral horses these signals involve olfactory or acoustical elements and each type can effectively terminate contests before physical contact becomes necessary. Dung transplant experiments show that for stallions, irrespective of rank, olfactory signals such as dung sniffing encode information about familiarity suggesting that such signals can be used as signatures. As such they can provide indirect information about fighting ability as long as opponents associate identity with past performance. Play-back experiments, however, show that vocalizations, such as squeals, directly provide information about status regardless of stallion familiarity. Sonographs reveal that squeals of dominants are longer than those of subordinates and that only those of dominants have at their onset high-frequency components.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	506
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	Author	Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, G.J.
	Title	Predator inspection, shoaling and foraging under predation hazard in the Trinidadian guppy,Poecilia reticulata			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Environmental Biology of Fishes	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	34	Issue	3	Pages	265-276
	Keywords	Antipredation – Social group – Feeding – Predation risk – Trade-off – Fish
	Abstract	Guppies,Poecilia reticulata, living in stream pools in Trinidad, West Indies, approached a potential fish predator (a cichlid fish model) in a tentative, saltatory manner, mainly as singletons or in pairs. Such behavior is referred to as predator inspection behavior. Inspectors approached the trunk and tail of the predator model more frequently, more closely and in larger groups than they approached the predator's head, which is presumably the most dangerous area around the predator. However, guppies were not observed in significantly larger shoals in the stream when the predator model was present. In a stream enclosure, guppies inspected the predator model more frequently when it was stationary compared to when it was moving, and made closer inspections to the posterior regions of the predator than to its head. Therefore, the guppies apparently regarded the predator model as a potential threat and modified their behavior accordingly when inspecting it. Guppies exhibited a lower feeding rate in the presence of the predator, suggesting a trade-off between foraging gains and safety against predation. Our results further suggest that predator inspection behavior may account for some of this reduction in foraging. These findings are discussed in the context of the benefits and costs of predator inspection behavior.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2176
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	Author	Duncan P,
	Title	Zebras, asses, and horses			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1992	Publication	Kelvyn Press USA	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Provides summaries of the conservation status, biology, and ecology of wild zebras, asses, and horses. The Action Plan presents chapters on taxonomy, genetics, reproductive biology, population dynamics, management, disease and epidemiology, and the importance of developing an assessment methodology that considers the role of equids in ecosystems.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Kelvyn Press	Place of Publication	Broadview, Illinois	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-2831700564	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List JA -			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1032
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	Author	Winkler A,
	Title	The feeding ecology of the Cape Mountain zebra in the Mountain Zebra National Park			Type	Manuscript
	Year	1992	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Doctoral thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1713
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	Author	Leng, V.
	Title	Das Vielseitigkeitspferd. Der Vielseitigkeitsreiter. Ausbildung, Training, Event.			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1992	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Blv Verlagsgesellschaft	Place of Publication	München	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	3 405 14344 6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4438
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	Author	de Waal, F. B. M.
	Title	Coalitions as part of reciprocal relations in the Arnhem chimpanzee colony			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1992	Publication	Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	233-257
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Oxford University Press	Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor	Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4877
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	Author	Ehardt, C.L.; Bernstein, I.S.
	Title	Conflict intervention behaviour by adult male macaques: structural and functional aspects			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1992	Publication	Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	83-111
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Oxford University Press	Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor	Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4926
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	Author	Schneider, K.
	Title	Emotionen			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1992	Publication	Allgemeine Psychologie	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Verlag Hans Huber	Place of Publication	Bern	Editor	Spada Hans
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	3456823029	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5070
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