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Author |
Haslam, S.M.; Brown, S.N.; Wilkins, L.J.; Kestin, S.C.; Warriss, P.D.; Nicol, C.J. |
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Title |
Preliminary study to examine the utility of using foot burn or hock burn to assess aspects of housing conditions for broiler chicken |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
British poultry science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br Poult Sci |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
13-18 |
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Keywords |
Animal Husbandry; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Chickens; Dermatitis, Contact/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary; Feathers; Female; Foot Diseases/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary; *Housing, Animal; Male; Poultry Diseases/diagnosis/*pathology; Skin/pathology |
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Abstract |
1. Eleven broiler chicken farms, representing 4 production system types, were visited during the last 5 d of the flock cycle: bird and flock details were recorded. Litter friability was assessed at 9 sites within the house, atmospheric ammonia was measured at three sites and bird cleanliness was assessed on a numerical rating scale. 2. For these flocks, hock burn, foot burn and breast burn were measured at the processing plant by standardised assessors. 3. Significant correlations were identified between the percentage of birds with foot burn and average litter score, average house ammonia concentrations and feather score. 4. No correlation was found between the percentage of birds with hock burn or breast burn and average litter scores, average ammonia concentrations or feather score. 5. No correlation was found between stocking density and foot burn, hock burn or breast burn.6. If confirmed, these findings may have implications for the draft EU Broiler Directive, for which it is proposed that permitted stocking density on farm may be determined by the incidence and severity of contact dermatitis measured on plant. |
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Address |
Division of Farm Animal Science, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, England. sue.haslam@bris.ac.uk |
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0007-1668 |
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PMID:16546791 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
66 |
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Author |
Gavrilova, O.; Haluzik, M.; Matsusue, K.; Cutson, J.J.; Johnson, L.; Dietz, K.R.; Nicol, C.J.; Vinson, C.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Reitman, M.L. |
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Title |
Liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma contributes to hepatic steatosis, triglyceride clearance, and regulation of body fat mass |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biol Chem |
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Volume |
278 |
Issue |
36 |
Pages |
34268-34276 |
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Keywords |
Adipose Tissue/*metabolism; Animals; Blotting, Southern; Blotting, Western; Female; Hypoglycemia/genetics; Insulin Resistance/genetics; Lipid Metabolism; Liver/*metabolism; Liver Diseases/genetics/*metabolism; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; RNA/metabolism; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*genetics/*physiology; Recombination, Genetic; Thiazoles/pharmacology; *Thiazolidinediones; Time Factors; Transcription Factors/*genetics/*physiology; Triglycerides/*metabolism |
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Abstract |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear receptor that mediates the antidiabetic effects of thiazolidinediones. PPAR gamma is present in adipose tissue and becomes elevated in fatty livers, but the roles of specific tissues in thiazolidinedione actions are unclear. We studied the function of liver PPAR gamma in both lipoatrophic A-ZIP/F-1 (AZIP) and wild type mice. In AZIP mice, ablation of liver PPAR gamma reduced the hepatic steatosis but worsened the hyperlipidemia, triglyceride clearance, and muscle insulin resistance. Inactivation of AZIP liver PPAR gamma also abolished the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of rosiglitazone, demonstrating that, in the absence of adipose tissue, the liver is a primary and major site of thiazolidinedione action. In contrast, rosiglitazone remained effective in non-lipoatrophic mice lacking liver PPAR gamma, suggesting that adipose tissue is the major site of thiazolidinedione action in typical mice with adipose tissue. Interestingly, mice without liver PPAR gamma, but with adipose tissue, developed relative fat intolerance, increased adiposity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Thus, liver PPAR gamma regulates triglyceride homeostasis, contributing to hepatic steatosis, but protecting other tissues from triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance. |
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Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. oksanag@bdg10.niddk.nih.gov |
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0021-9258 |
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Notes |
PMID:12805374 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
81 |
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Author |
Harman, F.S.; Nicol, C.J.; Marin, H.E.; Ward, J.M.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Peters, J.M. |
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Title |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta attenuates colon carcinogenesis |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Nature medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Med |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
481-483 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Azoxymethane/toxicity; Colonic Neoplasms/etiology/genetics/*prevention & control; Colonic Polyps/etiology/genetics/pathology/prevention & control; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Mutant Strains; Phenotype; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/deficiency/genetics/*physiology; Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPAR-delta; also known as PPAR-beta) is expressed at high levels in colon tumors, but its contribution to colon cancer is unclear. We examined the role of PPAR-delta in colon carcinogenesis using PPAR-delta-deficient (Ppard(-/-)) mice. In both the Min mutant and chemically induced mouse models, colon polyp formation was significantly greater in mice nullizygous for PPAR-delta. In contrast to previous reports suggesting that activation of PPAR-delta potentiates colon polyp formation, here we show that PPAR-delta attenuates colon carcinogenesis. |
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Department of Veterinary Science and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. jmp21@psu.edu |
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1078-8956 |
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Notes |
PMID:15048110 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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77 |
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Author |
Boucher, J.M.; Hanosset, R.; Augot, D.; Bart, J.M.; Morand, M.; Piarroux, R.; Pozet-Bouhier, F.; Losson, B.; Cliquet, F. |
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Title |
Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild boars in France using PCR techniques against larval form |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Veterinary Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Parasitol |
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Volume |
129 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
259-266 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Base Sequence; DNA, Helminth/chemistry/genetics; Echinococcosis/parasitology/pathology/*veterinary; Echinococcus multilocularis/*isolation & purification; Electron Transport Complex IV/chemistry/genetics; France; Histocytochemistry/veterinary; Liver/parasitology/pathology; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary; Sequence Alignment; Sus scrofa/*parasitology; Swine Diseases/*parasitology/pathology |
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Abstract |
Recently, new data have been collected on the distribution and ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis in European countries. Different ungulates species such as pig, goat, sheep, cattle and horse are known to host incomplete development of larval E. multilocularis. We report a case of E. multilocularis portage in two wild boars from a high endemic area in France (Department of Jura). Histological examination was performed and the DNA was isolated from hepatic lesions then amplified by using three PCR methods in two distinct institutes. Molecular characterisation of PCR products revealed 99% nucleotide sequence homology with the specific sequence of the U1 sn RNA gene of E. multilocularis, 99 and 99.9% nucleotide sequence homology with the specific sequence of the cytochrome oxydase gene of Echinococcus genus and 99.9% nucleotide sequence homology with a genomic DNA sequence of Echinococcus genus for the first and the second wild boar, respectively. |
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Address |
AFSSA Nancy, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches sur la Rage et la Pathologie des Animaux Sauvages, Domaine de Pixerecourt-B.P. 9, Malzeville F 54220, France |
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0304-4017 |
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Notes |
PMID:15845281 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2629 |
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Author |
Bannasch, D.; Rinaldo, C.; Millon, L.; Latson, K.; Spangler, T.; Hubberty, S.; Galuppo, L.; Lowenstine, L. |
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Title |
SRY negative 64,XX intersex phenotype in an American saddlebred horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet J |
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173 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
437-439 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Female; Genitalia/abnormalities; Hermaphroditism/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/genetics; Horses/*genetics/*physiology; Karyotyping; Phenotype; Sex Differentiation; Sex Differentiation Disorders/diagnosis/veterinary; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein/genetics/*metabolism |
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Abstract |
A female American saddlebred horse was presented for surgical correction of a possible pseudohermaphrodite condition. The horse had abnormal external genitalia and exhibited stallion-like behaviour. No evidence of uterine or ovarian tissue was identified on laparoscopic examination, but hypoplastic testicular-like tissue was removed, although this was found to contain no spermatogonia upon histopathological examination. A karyotype was performed and showed the normal chromosomal complement for a female horse (64,XX). Polymerase chain reaction to detect the SRY gene was negative in peripheral blood as well as the testicular-like tissue. This case represents the first report of an SRY negative XX-male sex reversal intersex phenotype, which is a potentially inherited condition, in an American saddlebred horse. |
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Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. dlbannasch@ucdavis.edu |
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1090-0233 |
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PMID:16386440 |
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no |
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Serial |
1882 |
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Author |
Stock, K.F.; Hamann, H.; Distl, O. |
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Title |
Factors associated with the prevalence of osseous fragments in the limb joints of Hanoverian Warmblood horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet J |
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Volume |
171 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
147-156 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Body Weight/physiology; Female; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/genetics/*radiography; Horses; Joint Diseases/epidemiology/genetics/radiography/*veterinary; Male; Pedigree; Prevalence |
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Abstract |
Factors associated with the prevalence of osseous fragments (OF) in fetlock and hock joints were investigated in a population of young Hanoverian Warmblood horses selected for sale at auction from 1991 to 1998. The study was based on results of a standardized radiological examination of 3127 horses. The prevalences of OF in the two joints were significantly dependent on the date, type and quality of the auction, the region of origin and on the anticipated suitability of the horses for dressage and/or show-jumping. The probability of finding OF increased with wither-height. Furthermore, there was a significant association of the individual sire with the prevalence of OF in both fetlock and hock joints, and of the maternal grandsire with the prevalence of OF in the hock joints. Consequently, both non-genetic and genetic parameters should be taken into account in order to reduce the prevalence of OF in young Warmblood riding horses. |
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Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany. kathrin-friederike.stock@tiho-hannover.de |
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1090-0233 |
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PMID:16427591 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3712 |
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Author |
Traversa, D.; Otranto, D.; Iorio, R.; Giangaspero, A. |
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Title |
Molecular characterization of Thelazia lacrymalis (Nematoda, Spirurida) affecting equids: a tool for vector identification |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Molecular and Cellular Probes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Cell Probes |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
245-249 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Horse Diseases/parasitology; Horses/*parasitology; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Muscidae/*parasitology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Spirurida Infections/parasitology/veterinary; Thelazioidea/chemistry/*genetics |
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Abstract |
Equine thelaziosis caused by the eyeworm Thelazia lacrymalis is a parasitic disease transmitted by muscid flies. Although equine thelaziosis is known to have worldwide distribution, information on the epidemiology and presence of the intermediate hosts of T. lacrymalis is lacking. In the present work, a PCR-RFLP based assay on the first and/or second internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) of ribosomal DNA was developed for the detection of T. lacrymalis DNA in its putative vector(s). The sensitivity of the technique was also assessed. The restriction patterns obtained readily differentiated T. lacrymalis from four species of Musca (Diptera, Muscidae) (i.e. Musca autumnalis, Musca domestica, Musca larvipara and Musca osiris), which are potential vectors of equine eyeworms. The molecular assay presented herein is a useful tool to identify the intermediate host(s) of T. lacrymalis in natural conditions and to study its/their ecology and epidemiology. |
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Address |
Department of Biomedical Comparative Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy. dtraversa@unite.it |
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English |
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0890-8508 |
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PMID:16038792 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2626 |
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Author |
Gasser, R.B.; Hung, G.-C.; Chilton, N.B.; Beveridge, I. |
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Title |
Advances in developing molecular-diagnostic tools for strongyloid nematodes of equids: fundamental and applied implications |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Molecular and Cellular Probes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Cell Probes |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-16 |
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Keywords |
Animals; DNA, Helminth; DNA, Ribosomal/analysis; Equidae/*parasitology; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/*methods; Parasitic Diseases, Animal/diagnosis; Strongylida/classification/genetics; Strongylida Infections/*diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/veterinary |
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Abstract |
Infections of equids with parasitic nematodes of the order Strongylida (subfamilies Strongylinae and Cyathostominae) are of major veterinary importance. In last decades, the widespread use of drugs against these parasites has led to problems of resistance within the Cyathostominae, and to an increase in their prevalence and intensity of infection. Novel control strategies, based on improved knowledge of parasite biology and epidemiology, have thus become important. However, there are substantial limitations in the understanding of fundamental biological and systematic aspects of these parasites, which have been due largely to limitations in their specific identification and diagnosis using traditional, morphological approaches. Recently, there has been progress in the development of DNA-based approaches for the specific identification of strongyloids of equids for systematic studies and disease diagnosis. The present article briefly reviews information on the classification, biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology of equine strongyloids and the diagnosis of infections, highlights knowledge gaps in these areas, describes recent advances in the use of molecular techniques for the genetic characterisation, specific identification and differentiation of strongyloids of equids as a basis for fundamental investigations of the systematics, population biology and ecology. |
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Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia. robinbg@unimelb.edu.au |
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0890-8508 |
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PMID:15036364 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2636 |
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Author |
Dargatz, D.A.; Traub-Dargatz, J.L. |
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Title |
Multidrug-resistant Salmonella and nosocomial infections |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
587-600 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology; Cross Infection/prevention & control/*veterinary; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/veterinary; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Horse Diseases/*drug therapy/transmission; Horses; Infection Control/methods; Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary; Salmonella/*drug effects; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*drug therapy/transmission |
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Abstract |
Nosocomial infections are a serious threat to optimum patient care. In addition, nosocomial infections can have far-reaching consequences for the hospital personnel and the financial aspects of the hospital. Nosocomial infections with Salmonella spp have been described among hospitalized equine populations more frequently than any other agent. Salmonella spp associated with hospitalized equids often possess more antimicrobial resistance determinants than do Salmonella spp isolated from healthy horses in the general population. There is little evidence to suggest that resistant salmonellae are more virulent than nonresistant forms. MDR forms of Salmonella complicate the selection of appropriate antimicrobials when they are indicated, however. Furthermore, the use of some antimicrobials may apply selection pressure toward enhanced ability of MDR Salmonella to colonize equine patients. Further research should help to elucidate the risky uses of antimicrobials in the hospital setting and define the role of disinfectants and treatments such as NSAIDs in the ecology of MDR forms of nosocomial infections, including Salmonella. In the meantime, thoughtful selection of when and how to use antimicrobials in equine patients, together with deliberate selection of which antimicrobials to use based on monitoring data and other factors, such as safety and spectrum, is advised. |
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Address |
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building MS 2E7, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. david.a.dargatz@aphis.usda.gov |
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English |
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0749-0739 |
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Notes |
PMID:15519820 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2632 |
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Author |
Dauphin, G.; Zientara, S.; Zeller, H.; Murgue, B. |
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Title |
West Nile: worldwide current situation in animals and humans |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
343-355 |
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Keywords |
Americas/epidemiology; Animals; Birds/virology; Culex/*virology; *Disease Outbreaks; Disease Reservoirs; Europe/epidemiology; Horses/virology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*virology; Middle East/epidemiology; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/*veterinary/virology; West Nile virus/*growth & development |
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Abstract |
West Nile (WN) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is native to Africa, Europe, and Western Asia. It mainly circulates among birds, but can infect many species of mammals, as well as amphibians and reptiles. Epidemics can occur in rural as well as urban areas. Transmission of WN virus, sometimes involving significant mortality in humans and horses, has been documented at erratic intervals in many countries, but never in the New World until it appeared in New York City in 1999. During the next four summers it spread with incredible speed to large portions of 46 US states, and to Canada, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. In many respects, WN virus is an outstanding example of a zoonotic pathogen that has leaped geographical barriers and can cause severe disease in human and equine. In Europe, in the past two decades there have been a number of significant outbreaks in several countries. However, very little is known of the ecology and natural history of WN virus transmission in Europe and most WN outbreaks in humans and animals remain unpredictable and difficult to control. |
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Address |
AFSSA Alfort, UMR1161 (INRA-AFSSA-ENVA), 22 rue Pierre Curie, BP 63, 94703 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0147-9571 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:15225984 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2635 |
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