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| Author | Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S. | ||||
| Title | A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Journal of Applled Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Ecol |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | Pages | 1561-1571 | |
| Keywords | Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability. | ||||
| Abstract | 1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than 500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals. 2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant. 3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock. 4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey in tlie diet decreased. 5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation measures. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6387 | ||
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| Author | Dixon, G.; Green, L.E.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
| Title | Effect of diet change on the behavior of chicks of an egg-laying strain | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS | Abbreviated Journal | J Appl Anim Welf Sci |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 41-58 |
| Keywords | *Animal Feed; *Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Chickens/*physiology; Crowding; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Female; Food Preferences/physiology; Oviposition; Random Allocation; Taste | ||||
| Abstract | Injurious pecking has serious welfare consequences in flocks of hens kept for egg laying, especially when loose-housed. Frequent diet change is a significant risk for injurious pecking; how the mechanics of diet change influence pecking behavior is unknown. This study investigated the effect of diet change on the behavior of chicks from a laying strain. The study included a 3-week familiarity phase: 18 chick pairs received unflavored feed (Experiment 1); 18 pairs received orange oil-flavored (Experiment 2). All chicks participated in a dietary preference test (P); a diet change (DC); or a control group (C), 6 scenarios. All P chicks preferred unflavored feed. In Experiment 1, DC involved change from unflavored to orange-flavored; Experiment 2, orange- flavored to unflavored. Compared with controls, Experiment 2 DC chicks exhibited few behavioral differences; Experiment 1 DC chicks exhibited increased behavioral event rates on Days 1 and 7. They pecked significantly longer at their environment; by Day 7, they showed significantly more beak activity. There was little evidence of dietary neophobia. Change from more preferred to less preferred feed led to increased activity and redirected pecking behavior. | ||||
| Address | School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, England | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1088-8705 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16649950 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 64 | ||
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| Author | Brosnan, S.F.; de Waal, F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | A concept of value during experimental exchange in brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume | 75 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 317-330 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cebus/*psychology; *Choice Behavior; Female; Food Preferences; *Learning; Male; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; *Token Economy; Video Recording | ||||
| Abstract | We evaluated the response of brown capuchin monkeys to two differentially valued tokens in an experimental exchange situation akin to a simple barter. Monkeys were given a series of three tests to evaluate their ability to associate tokens with food, then their responses were examined in a barter situation in which tokens were either limited or unlimited. Capuchins did not perform barter in the typical sense, returning the tokens which were associated with the reward. However, females, but not males, showed a different response, preferring the higher-value token. This may indicate that they learned to prefer one token over the other rather than to associate the tokens with their specific rewards. This sex difference parallels previous findings of greater reciprocity in female brown capuchins than in males. | ||||
| Address | Living Links Center, Emory University, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 N. Gatewood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0015-5713 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15486443 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 170 | ||
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| Author | Pennisi, E. | ||||
| Title | Animal cognition. Social animals prove their smarts | Type | |||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 312 | Issue | 5781 | Pages | 1734-1738 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Birds; *Cognition; Comprehension; Cues; Food; Hominidae/*psychology; *Intelligence; Learning; Memory; *Social Behavior | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16794055 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2836 | ||
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| Author | Hampton, R.R. | ||||
| Title | Rhesus monkeys know when they remember | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 5359-5362 |
| Keywords | Animals; Choice Behavior/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Cues; Food Preferences/psychology; Macaca mulatta/*physiology/*psychology; Male; Memory/*physiology; Probability; Psychological Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | Humans are consciously aware of some memories and can make verbal reports about these memories. Other memories cannot be brought to consciousness, even though they influence behavior. This conspicuous difference in access to memories is central in taxonomies of human memory systems but has been difficult to document in animal studies, suggesting that some forms of memory may be unique to humans. Here I show that rhesus macaque monkeys can report the presence or absence of memory. Although it is probably impossible to document subjective, conscious properties of memory in nonverbal animals, this result objectively demonstrates an important functional parallel with human conscious memory. Animals able to discern the presence and absence of memory should improve accuracy if allowed to decline memory tests when they have forgotten, and should decline tests most frequently when memory is attenuated experimentally. One of two monkeys examined unequivocally met these criteria under all test conditions, whereas the second monkey met them in all but one case. Probe tests were used to rule out “cueing” by a wide variety of environmental and behavioral stimuli, leaving detection of the absence of memory per se as the most likely mechanism underlying the monkeys' abilities to selectively decline memory tests when they had forgotten. | ||||
| Address | Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 49, Room 1B-80, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. robert@ln.nimh.nih.gov | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11274360 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2824 | ||
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| Author | Dyer, F.C. | ||||
| Title | Animal behaviour: when it pays to waggle | Type | |||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 419 | Issue | 6910 | Pages | 885-886 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Bees/*physiology; California; Dancing/physiology; Environment; Evolution; Female; Flowers/chemistry; *Food; Gravitation; Lighting; Motor Activity/*physiology; Odors; Seasons; Sunlight | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12410290 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 769 | ||
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| Author | Vlamings, P.H.J.M.; Uher, J.; Call, J. | ||||
| Title | How the great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) perform on the reversed contingency task: the effects of food quantity and food visibility | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 60-70 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Conditioning (Psychology); Female; *Food; Gorilla gorilla/*psychology; *Learning; Male; Pan paniscus/*psychology; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Pongo pygmaeus/*psychology; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | S. T. Boysen and G. G. Berntson (1995) found that chimpanzees performed poorly on a reversed contingency task in which they had to point to the smaller of 2 food quantities to acquire the larger quantity. The authors compared the performance of 4 great ape species (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) on the reversed contingency task while manipulating food quantity (0-4 or 1-4) and food visibility (visible pairs or covered pairs). Results showed no systematic species differences but large individual differences. Some individuals of each species were able to solve the reversed contingency task. Both quantity and visibility of the food items had a significant effect on performance. Subjects performed better when the disparity between quantities was smaller and the quantities were not directly visible. | ||||
| Address | Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. p.vlamings@psychology.unimaas.nl | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16435965 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2765 | ||
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| Author | Beran, M.J.; Beran, M.M.; Harris, E.H.; Washburn, D.A. | ||||
| Title | Ordinal judgments and summation of nonvisible sets of food items by two chimpanzees and a rhesus macaque | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 351-362 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chi-Square Distribution; Cognition; Color Perception/physiology; Female; *Food; Judgment/*physiology; Macaca mulatta; Male; Pan troglodytes; Serial Learning/*physiology; Size Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Two chimpanzees and a rhesus macaque rapidly learned the ordinal relations between 5 colors of containers (plastic eggs) when all containers of a given color contained a specific number of identical food items. All 3 animals also performed at high levels when comparing sets of containers with sets of visible food items. This indicates that the animals learned the approximate quantity of food items in containers of a given color. However, all animals failed in a summation task, in which a single container was compared with a set of 2 containers of a lesser individual quantity but a greater combined quantity. This difficulty was not overcome by sequential presentation of containers into opaque receptacles, but performance improved if the quantitative difference between sizes was very large. | ||||
| Address | Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Decatur, 30034, USA. mjberan@yahoo.com | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16045389 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2766 | ||
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| Author | Dunbar, R.I.M.; McAdam, M.R.; O'connell, S. | ||||
| Title | Mental rehearsal in great apes (Pan troglodytes and Pongo pygmaeus) and children | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 69 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 323-330 |
| Keywords | Algorithms; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Food; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/physiology; Humans; *Imagination; Pan troglodytes; Pongo pygmaeus; Problem Solving/*physiology; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Reward | ||||
| Abstract | The ability to rehearse possible future courses of action in the mind is an important feature of advanced social cognition in humans, and the “social brain” hypothesis implies that it might also be a feature of primate social cognition. We tested two chimpanzees, six orangutans and 63 children aged 3-7 years on a set of four puzzle boxes, half of which were presented with an opportunity to observe the box before being allowed to open it (“prior view”), the others being given without an opportunity to examine the boxes before handling them (“no prior view”). When learning effects are partialled out, puzzle boxes in the “prior view” condition were opened significantly faster than boxes given in the “no prior view” condition by the children, but not by either of the great apes. The three species differ significantly in the speed with which they opened boxes in the “no prior view” condition. The three species' performance on this task was a function of relative frontal lobe volume, suggesting that it may be possible to identify quantitative neuropsychological differences between species. | ||||
| Address | Evolutionary Psychology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15896530 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2097 | |||
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| Author | Ward, C.; Smuts, B.B. | ||||
| Title | Quantity-based judgments in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 71-80 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Choice Behavior; Dogs; Female; Food; Male; *Size Perception | ||||
| Abstract | We examined the ability of domestic dogs to choose the larger versus smaller quantity of food in two experiments. In experiment 1, we investigated the ability of 29 dogs (results from 18 dogs were used in the data analysis) to discriminate between two quantities of food presented in eight different combinations. Choices were simultaneously presented and visually available at the time of choice. Overall, subjects chose the larger quantity more often than the smaller quantity, but they found numerically close comparisons more difficult. In experiment 2, we tested two dogs from experiment 1 under three conditions. In condition 1, we used similar methods from experiment 1 and tested the dogs multiple times on the eight combinations from experiment 1 plus one additional combination. In conditions 2 and 3, the food was visually unavailable to the subjects at the time of choice, but in condition 2, food choices were viewed simultaneously before being made visually unavailable, and in condition 3, they were viewed successively. In these last two conditions, and especially in condition 3, the dogs had to keep track of quantities mentally in order to choose optimally. Subjects still chose the larger quantity more often than the smaller quantity when the food was not simultaneously visible at the time of choice. Olfactory cues and inadvertent cuing by the experimenter were excluded as mechanisms for choosing larger quantities. The results suggest that, like apes tested on similar tasks, some dogs can form internal representations and make mental comparisons of quantity. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 1012 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA. rameses@unich.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16941158 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2440 | ||
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