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Author | Cooper, J.J.; Albentosa, M.J. | ||||
Title | Behavioural adaptation in the domestic horse: potential role of apparently abnormal responses including stereotypic behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Livestock Production Science | Abbreviated Journal | Livest. Prod. Sci. |
Volume | 92 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 177-182 |
Keywords | Behavioural adaptation; Horse; Stereotypic behaviour | ||||
Abstract | Classically, biologists have considered adaptation of behavioural characteristics in terms of long-term functional benefits to the individual, such as survival or reproductive fitness. In captive species, including the domestic horse, this level of explanation is limited, as for the most part, horses are housed in conditions that differ markedly from those in which they evolved. In addition, an individual horse's reproductive fitness is largely determined by man rather than its own behavioural strategies. Perhaps for reasons of this kind, explanations of behavioural adaptation to environmental challenges by domestic animals, including the capacity to learn new responses to these challenges, tend to concentrate on the proximate causes of behaviour. However, understanding the original function of these adaptive responses can help us explain why animals perform apparently novel or functionless activities in certain housing conditions and may help us to appreciate what the animal welfare implications might be. This paper reviews the behavioural adaptation of the domestic horse to captivity and discusses how apparently abnormal behaviour may not only provide a useful practical indicator of specific environmental deficiencies but may also serve the animal as an adaptive response to these deficiencies in an “abnormal” environment. | ||||
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ISSN | 0301-6226 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4829 | ||
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Author | Henry, S.; Hemery, D.; Richard, M.-A.; Hausberger, M. | ||||
Title | Human-mare relationships and behaviour of foals toward humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 93 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 341-362 |
Keywords | Horse; Human-animal relationship; Maternal influence; Early experience; Social facilitation | ||||
Abstract | We studied experimentally whether horse dams influenced foals' relationships with humans. We investigated the influence of the establishment of positive human-mare relationships on foals' behaviour toward humans. Forty-one foals and their dams were involved in this experiment. Half of the mares were softly brushed and fed by hand during a short period (total of 1.25 h) during the first 5 days of their foals' lives (experimental group, n = 21). The other mares were not handled experimentally and their foals received no contact with the experimenter (control group, n = 20). The reactions of both experimental and control foals were recorded under various conditions, first, for 5 min in the presence of a motionless experimenter, when foals were 15 and 30-35 days old, then in an approach test when they were 15 days old and in a saddle-pad tolerance test when they were 30-35 days old. Finally, approach-stroking tests were performed successively by the familiar experimenter when foals were 11-13 months old and by an unfamiliar person when they were 13-15 months old. Several observations strongly suggest that mares can influence their foals' behaviour toward humans: (1) during the handling procedure, experimental foals of protective mares were further from the handler than foals of calm mares (p < 0.001); (2) experimental foals remained, at all ages, closer to the experimenter (p < 0.05) and initiated more physical contacts (sniffing, licking, etc.) with the experimenter (p < 0.05) than control foals; (3) avoidance and flight responses of experimental foals were considerably reduced during approaches by the experimenter (p < 0.01) and they accepted saddle-pads on their backs more easily (p < 0.01) and more quickly (p < 0.01) than control foals. Lastly, the consequences of handling mares had effects that lasted at least until foals were one year old (p < 0.05) and became generalized from experimenter to unfamiliar humans, who could approach and stroke experimental foals rapidly during a test (p < 0.05). This is the first report of an attempt to use observation of mother by foals to facilitate human-foal relationships. The procedure is simple, takes little time and can easily be applied to any dam-foal pair, as it is not intrusive and presents no risks of disrupting mare-foal bonds. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 331 | ||
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Author | Momozawa, Y.; Kusunose, R.; Kikusui, T.; Takeuchi, Y.; Mori, Y. | ||||
Title | Assessment of equine temperament questionnaire by comparing factor structure between two separate surveys | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 92 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 77-84 |
Keywords | Anxiety; Factor analysis; Horses; Questionnaires; Temperament | ||||
Abstract | To establish a method for assessing equine temperament by use of a questionnaire, we carried out two surveys. The subject animals were all thoroughbreds maintained at the same farm. Respondents were the primary caretaker and two colleagues working with each horse. Factor analysis was performed on the responses to each survey. In both surveys, five factors were extracted and four of them were common between the two surveys. The common factors were [`]Anxiety', [`]Trainability', [`]Affability', and [`]Gate entrance'. There were sufficient internal consistencies in responses about [`]Anxiety', [`]Trainability', and [`]Affability' in the two surveys to indicate the validity of this questionnaire in evaluating these factors in equine temperament. | ||||
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ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5063 | ||
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Author | Ernst, K.; Puppe, B.; Schon, P.C.; Manteuffel, G. | ||||
Title | A complex automatic feeding system for pigs aimed to induce successful behavioural coping by cognitive adaptation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 91 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 205-218 |
Keywords | Learning; Cognition; Reward; Welfare; Pig | ||||
Abstract | In modern intensive husbandry systems there is an increasing tendency for animals to interact with technical equipment. If the animal-technology interface is well-designed this may improve animal welfare by offering challenges for cognitive adaptation. Here a system and its application is presented that acoustically calls individual pigs out of a group (n = 8) to a feeding station. In three different learning phases, the computer-controlled “call-feeding-station” (CFS) trained the animals to recognize a specific acoustic signal as a summons for food, using a combination of classical and operant conditioning techniques. The experimental group's stall contained four CFSs, at each of which one animal at a time was able to feed. When an animal had learned to discriminate and recognize its individual acoustic signal it had to localize the particular CFS that was calling and to enter inside it. Then, it received a portion of feed, the amount of which was adapted to the respective age of the animals. Each animal was called at several, unpredictable times each day and the computer programme ensured that the total feed supply was sufficient for each animal. In the last phase of the experiment the animals, in addition, had to press a button with an increasing fixed ratio for the delivery of feed. It was demonstrated that the pigs were able to adapt quickly to the CFSs. Although they were challenged over 12 h daily by requirements of attention, sensory localization and motor efforts to gain comparatively low amounts of feed, they performed well and reached fairly constant success rates between 90 and 95% and short delays between 14 and 16 s between a summons and the food release in the last phase of the experiment. The weight gain during the experiment was the same as in a conventionally fed control group (n = 8). We therefore conclude that CFSs present a positive challenge to the animals with no negative effects on performance but with a potentially beneficial role for welfare and against boredom. The system is also a suitable experimental platform for research on the effects of successful adaptation by rewarded cognitive processes in pigs. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2898 | ||
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Author | Kilian, A.; Fersen, L. von; Güntürkün, O. | ||||
Title | Left hemispheric advantage for numerical abilities in the bottlenose dolphin | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 68 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 179-184 |
Keywords | Bottlenose dolphin; Hemispheric specialization; Monocular vision; Numerical ability | ||||
Abstract | In a two-choice discrimination paradigm, a bottlenose dolphin discriminated relational dimensions between visual numerosity stimuli under monocular viewing conditions. After prior binocular acquisition of the task, two monocular test series with different number stimuli were conducted. In accordance with recent studies on visual lateralization in the bottlenose dolphin, our results revealed an overall advantage of the right visual field. Due to the complete decussation of the optic nerve fibers, this suggests a specialization of the left hemisphere for analysing relational features between stimuli as required in tests for numerical abilities. These processes are typically right hemisphere-based in other mammals (including humans) and birds. The present data provide further evidence for a general right visual field advantage in bottlenose dolphins for visual information processing. It is thus assumed that dolphins possess a unique functional architecture of their cerebral asymmetries. | ||||
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ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5366 | ||
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Author | Snycerski, S.; Laraway, S.; Poling, A. | ||||
Title | Response acquisition with immediate and delayed conditioned reinforcement | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 68 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-11 |
Keywords | Response acquisition; Conditioned reinforcement; Delayed reinforcement; Secondary reinforcement; Rats | ||||
Abstract | Groups comprising eight rats initially were exposed to response-independent water deliveries, then to conditions under which a lever-press response raised an empty dipper immediately or after a resetting delay of 15, 30, or 45 s. When their performance was compared to that of control animals using a 90% confidence level, six rats in the immediate-reinforcement group met the primary criterion for response acquisition during a single 6-h session; 4, 4, and 3 did so in the 15, 30, and 45 s delay groups, respectively. Similar evidence of acquisition was obtained when a 95% confidence level was used. With a 99% confidence level, however, evidence of acquisition was not compelling. Although these data appear to provide the first demonstration of response acquisition in the absence of handshaping or autoshaping under conditions where the putative reinforcer is both conditioned and delayed, they also demonstrate that whether response acquisition occurs depends, in part, on how it is defined. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3600 | ||
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Author | Rizhova, L.Y.; Kokorina, E.P. | ||||
Title | Behavioural asymmetry is involved in regulation of autonomic processes: Left side presentation of food improves reproduction and lactation in cows | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioural Brain Research | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Brain. Res. |
Volume | 161 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 75-81 |
Keywords | Behavioural asymmetry; Somatic functions; Reproduction; Lactation | ||||
Abstract | It is known that the right and left brain hemispheres differ in their ability to regulate autonomic processes in the organism. Direct unilateral stimulation of the brain provokes side-dependent endocrine, immune and other visceral reactions. Since brain hemispheres are mainly involved in the regulation of muscles and sensory organs on the contra lateral side of the body the activation of behavioural asymmetry stimulates the contra lateral half of the brain. The important theoretical and practical question of whether autonomic processes can be regulated via the behavioural asymmetry route remains unexplored. In this study, we report that the chronic presentation of an emotionally important stimulus--food--from the left side, improves reproductive performance in animals in a broad range of feeding conditions. The unilateral presentation of food can also influence lactation, but in this case the side-dependent effects are different under varying feeding conditions. This finding opens a simple practical approach to influence basic somatic functions in the organism. | ||||
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ISSN | 0166-4328 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5348 | ||
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Author | Moehlman, P.D. | ||||
Title | Endangered wild equids | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Scientific American | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Am |
Volume | 292 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 74-81 |
Keywords | Africa; Americas; Animals; *Animals, Wild/physiology; Asia; *Conservation of Energy Resources; Environment; *Equidae/physiology; Food Chain; Humans; Male; Reproduction | ||||
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Address | IUCN-The World Conservation Union/Species Survival Commission Equid Specialist Group | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0036-8733 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:15859216 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 551 | ||
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Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
Title | Hilfen für Übergänge von einer Gangart in eine andere ? Die Bewegungen von Pferderumpf und -rücken als Zeitgeber für reiterliche Einwirkung | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Trakehner Hefte | Abbreviated Journal | Trakehner Hefte, |
Volume | 5-11 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Abstract | Übergänge von einer Gangart in eine andere sind nach Ludwig Koch jeweils nur aus einer ganz bestimmten Phase einer Bewegungsfolge (oder Bewegungsfolgen-Hälfte) der einen in eine ganz bestimmte Bewegungsfolge (oder Bewegungsfolgen-Hälfte) der anderen Gangart möglich. Diese Phasen dauern nur Bruchteile einer Sekunde an. In diesen Momenten muß die Hilfe nach europäischer klassischer Lehre gegeben, nur in diesen Momenten kann sie vom Pferd blitzartig-automatisch umgesetzt werden. Um die Hilfe im “passenden” Moment geben zu können, braucht der Reiter einen Zeitgeber. Den einzigen verfügbaren, zuverlässigen Timer bilden die Bewegungen des Pferderückens und des Pferderumpfes. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Bewegungsphasen in den Grundgangarten, dem mit frei beweglichem Beckenring allen Bewegungen des Pferderückens folgendem Sitz des Reiters, und dem Schenkel, der von Schritt zu Schritt, von Tritt zu Tritt, von Galoppsprung zu Galoppsprung an den wegschwingenden Pferderumpf fallen möchte bis er das im rechten Augenblick – vom Reiter gesteuert – dann auch darf, sind erstmals in piktogrammartigen Miniaturbild-Folgen leicht verständlich dargestellt. |
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Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 426 | ||
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Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
Title | Rider's Aids for Transitions Between Different Gaits ? The Movements of the Horse's Trunk and Back as Timers for the Rider's Influence | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Trakehner Hefte | Abbreviated Journal | Trakehner Hefte |
Volume | 5-11 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Abstract | Abstract According to Ludwig Koch, the horse's transition from one gait to another is only possible during a particular phase in its' movement cycle (respectively in a half of it's movement cycle) in one gait to a particular phase in its' movement cycle (respectively in a half of it's movement cycle) in the other gait. It only takes a fraction of a second for these movements to occur. It is precisely in these moments that according to the European classical riding school principles the rider has to give the appropriate aids, because only then the horse can execute them in a flash. In order to give the aids in the “fitting” moment, the rider needs a timer. The only available and reliable indicators of the right timing are the movements of the horse's trunk and back. The connections between the different phases of the movements during the basic gaits, the rider's seat which follows all the movements of the horse's back with a freely rotating pelvis, and the rider's leg which – from step to step, from footfall to footfall, from canter beat to canter beat – wants to follow the horse's swinging trunk (until it is finally – controlled by the rider – free to do so, at the right moment), are being shown for the first time in easy to follow miniature picture sequences. |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 427 | ||
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