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| Author |
Bourlière, F. |
| Title |
Primate communities: Their structure and role in tropical ecosystems |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Primatol. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-26 |
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| Abstract |
The structure of primate communities living in a number of undisturbed areas is described and compared. Species richness is highest in tropical rain forests of Africa and South America, where up to 14 different species can share the same habitat. The number of sympatric primates in woodlands and savannas is always much lower. Some striking differences in community structure may be observed between communities living in apparently similar habitats. Three major factors may be held responsible for such discrepancies: history and paleoecology, present spatial heterogeneity of the vegetation, and competition with other taxonomic groups. The role of primates in the functioning of forest ecosystems is discussed. Though their trophic impact may be important, the role they play in seed dispersal appears to be more significant; they contribute greatly to homeostasis, as well as to regeneration, of the rain forests. A number of ecological traits are particularly developed among primates and may have contributed to the rapid evolutionary success of the order. Their predominantly vegetarian diet allows them to build up higher population densities than sympatric carnivorous mammals;their arborealism permits them to make use of all edible plant material available in a tridimensional environment; the opportunistic tendencies of some cebids, cercopithecids, and pongids enable them to take advantage of a variety of habitats and situations; and finally, an extended socialization period and a long life-span, allowing them to develop social traditions, give to many of them a further possibility to adapt quickly to novel situations. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4251 |
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| Author |
Koyama, N. |
| Title |
Playmate relationships among individuals of the Japanese monkey troop in arashiyama |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
390-406-406 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Observations of play behavior were made on a troop of Japanese monkeys for five months. The troop consisted of 125 animals during the study period. Only 104 animals were observed playing with the troop members while the other 21 animals were never observed playing with other individuals. Two-member play was the most frequent. On the average, a monkey played with 20.7 individuals. A total of 6,068 play bouts were observed. The frequency of play appeared to be affected by age, sex, and degree of relatedness. One-year-old infant males played most with other members and the frequency of play decreased with age. Between monkeys whose disparity of age was less than two years, 5,763 bouts (95.0% of the total) were observed. Moreover, among sameaged monkeys who comprised 10.6% of the possible pair combinations, 2,739 play bouts (45.1%) were observed. Juvenile males played with same-sexed peers more than with opposite-sexed peers, whereas older juvenile females appeared to play with infants of both sexes. Individuals who were related and similarly-ranked tended to play together. There was no apparent preference for animals to play with the offspring of the highest-ranking female. Dominance rank of infnats and juveniles was primarily affected by rank of their mothers and to a lesser extent by play partners. Dominance rank of older juvenile males is more likely to be affected by play partners than females. It may be a critical time for males when they leave their natal troop and join a new troop. The timing of troop shifting by males seemed to be affected by the presence or absence of play-mates. For male Japanese monkeys, play is very important in developing social bonds. Play may act to perpetuate social bonds, enhance the chance of survival, and may contribute to their future reproductive success. |
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Springer Japan |
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0032-8332 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5327 |
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| Author |
Berger J. |
| Title |
Interspecific Interactions and Dominance among Wild Great Basin Ungulates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of Mammalogy |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Mamm. |
| Volume |
66 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
. 571-573 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2231 |
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| Author |
Cook, M.; Mineka, S.; Wolkenstein, B.; Laitsch, K. |
| Title |
Observational conditioning of snake fear in unrelated rhesus monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of abnormal psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Abnorm Psychol |
| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
591-610 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Conditioning, Classical; *Fear; Female; Macaca mulatta; Male; Snakes |
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English |
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0021-843X |
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PMID:4078162 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
707 |
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| Author |
Packer, C.; Pusey, A. E. |
| Title |
Asymmetric contests in social mammals: respect, manipulation and age-specific aspects |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Evolution: Essays in Honour of John Maynard Smith |
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Pages |
173-86 |
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Camebridge University Press |
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Camebridge |
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Greenwood, P.J.; Slatkin, M.; |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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819 |
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CROWELL-DAVIS SL et al |
| Title |
Snapping by foals of Equus caballus. |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume |
69 |
Issue |
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Pages |
42-54 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
997 |
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| Author |
EISENMANN, V. |
| Title |
Le couagga: un zebre aux origines. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
La Recherche |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
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Pages |
254-256 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1055 |
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| Author |
Klimov Vv, |
| Title |
A spatial- ethological organization of the herd of Przewalski's horses in Askania – Nova |
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Journal Article |
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1985 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Zool J |
| Volume |
64 |
Issue |
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Pages |
282-295 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1276 |
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| Author |
Moehlman, P. |
| Title |
The odd-toed ungulates: order Perrisodactyla |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Social odours in mammals |
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Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Brown , R.E. ;Macdonald, D.W. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2379 |
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| Author |
Vrba, Elisabeth S. |
| Title |
Environment and evolution: alternative causes of the temporal distribution of evolutionary events |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
South African Journal of Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
S Afr J Anim Sci |
| Volume |
81 |
Issue |
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Pages |
229-236 |
| Keywords |
evolution, paleontology, turnover pulse |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5463 |
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