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	Author	Li, W.; Howard, J.D.; Parrish, T.B.; Gottfried, J.A.
	Title	Supporting Online Material to: Aversive Learning Enhances Perceptual and Cortical Discrimination of Indiscriminable Odor Cues			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2008	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	319	Issue	5871	Pages	1842-1845
	Keywords
	Abstract	Learning to associate sensory cues with threats is critical for minimizing aversive experience. The ecological benefit of associative learning relies on accurate perception of predictive cues, but how aversive learning enhances perceptual acuity of sensory signals, particularly in humans, is unclear. We combined multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging with olfactory psychophysics to show that initially indistinguishable odor enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) become discriminable after aversive conditioning, paralleling the spatial divergence of ensemble activity patterns in primary olfactory (piriform) cortex. Our findings indicate that aversive learning induces piriform plasticity with corresponding gains in odor enantiomer discrimination, underscoring the capacity of fear conditioning to update perceptual representation of predictive cues, over and above its well-recognized role in the acquisition of conditioned responses. That completely indiscriminable sensations can be transformed into discriminable percepts further accentuates the potency of associative learning to enhance sensory cue perception and support adaptive behavior.
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	Notes	10.1126/science.1152837			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4409
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	Author	Warren-Smith, A.K.; McGreevy, P.D.
	Title	Preliminary investigations into the ethological relevance of round-pen (round-yard) training of horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	3	Pages	285-298
	Keywords
	Abstract	Recently, training horses within round-pens has increased in popularity. Practitioners often maintain that the responses they elicit from horses are similar to signals used with senior conspecifics. To audit the responses of horses to conspecifics, 6 mare-young-horse dyads, this study introduced them to each other in a round-pen and videoed them for 8 min. These dyads spent significantly more time farther than 10 m apart than they did less than 1 m apart (p < .001). The time they spent less than 1 m apart decreased over the 8-min test period (p = .018). Mares occupied the center of the round-pen and chased youngsters for 0.73% of the test period (p < .001). Mares made all agonistic approaches (p < .001), and youngsters (p = .018) made all investigative approaches. Head lowering and licking-and-chewing were exhibited most when the youngsters were facing away from the mares (p < .001). The frequency of head lowering increased during the test period (p = .027), whereas the frequency of licking-and-chewing did not change. The results bring into question the popular interpretation and ethological relevance of equine responses commonly described in round-pen training and show that mares did not condition young horses to remain in close proximity to them.
	Address	Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes	Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 13 November 2008; Source: Scopus			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4657
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	Author	Yorke, J.; Adams, C.; Coady, N.
	Title	Therapeutic Value of Equine-Human Bonding in Recovery from Trauma			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Anthrozoös	Abbreviated Journal	Anthrozoös
	Volume	21	Issue	1	Pages	17-30
	Keywords
	Abstract	ABSTRACTAlthough most human-animal bond research has focused on relationships between humans and pets, animals have been used for therapeutic purposes in a variety of settings. Therapeutic riding programs have demonstrated a positive impact on quality of life for people with disabilities. Equine-facilitated psychotherapy is a promising approach to address self-esteem, depression, and other emotional or psychological problems. Restoration of the trauma victim's capacity for recovery hinges on provision of safety and development of trust, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Thus, recovery from trauma represents an ideal context for exploring the therapeutic impact of equine?human relationships. The six participants in this study recognized that their pre-existing relationships with horses were therapeutic during recovering from trauma, defined as sufficient to have caused significant change in the participant's life. Semi-structured interviews and video-tapes of horse?rider interaction were used to describe the nature of the equine?human bond and its contribution to recovery from trauma. The equine?human bonds described by participants have parallels both with important elements of therapeutic alliances between professionals and clients and with the positive impact of relationship factors on client outcome.
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	Publisher	Routledge	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0892-7936	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	doi: 10.2752/089279308X274038			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6033
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	Author	Krapp, A.; Bachmann I.; Troxler, J.
	Title	Das Liegeverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	150	Issue	4	Pages	186-187
	Keywords
	Abstract	Erarbeitung eines Lösungsansatzes zur Optimierung des eingeschränkten Liegeverhaltens rangniedriger Pferde in Gruppenhaltung
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	Notes	Das Liegeverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung 2008.pdf			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5306
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	Author	Langbein, J.; Siebert, K.; Nuernberg, G.
	Title	Concurrent recall of serially learned visual discrimination problems in dwarf goats (Capra hircus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Behav Proc	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	79	Issue		Pages
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Langbein2008			Serial	6363
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	Author	Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G.; Velasco, J.
	Title	On a chirplet transform-based method applied to separating and counting wolf howls			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Signal Process	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	88	Issue		Pages
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2008			Serial	6466
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	Author	Hoppitt, W.; Laland, K.N.
	Title	Social processes influencing learning in animals: a review of the evidence			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Adv Study Behav	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	38	Issue		Pages	105-165
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hoppitt2008			Serial	6260
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	Author	Sueur, J.; Aubin, T.; Simonis, C.
	Title	Seewave: a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Bioacoustics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	18	Issue		Pages
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	Abstract
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sueur2008			Serial	6490
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	Author	Richards, D.G.; Wiley, R.H.
	Title	Reverberations and Amplitude Fluctuations in the Propagation of Sound in a Forest: Implications for Animal Communication			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Am Nat	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	115	Issue		Pages
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	Abstract
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Richards2008			Serial	6485
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	Author	Dwan, K.; Altman, D.G.; Arnaiz, J.A.; Bloom, J.; Chan, A.-W.; Cronin, E.; Decullier, E.; Easterbrook, P.J.; Von Elm, E.; Gamble, C.; Ghersi, D.; Ioannidis, J.P.A.; Simes, J.; Williamson, P.R.
	Title	Systematic Review of the Empirical Evidence of Study Publication Bias and Outcome Reporting Bias			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Plos One	Abbreviated Journal	Plos One
	Volume	3	Issue	8	Pages	e3081
	Keywords
	Abstract	Background The increased use of meta-analysis in systematic reviews of healthcare interventions has highlighted several types of bias that can arise during the completion of a randomised controlled trial. Study publication bias has been recognised as a potential threat to the validity of meta-analysis and can make the readily available evidence unreliable for decision making. Until recently, outcome reporting bias has received less attention. Methodology/Principal Findings We review and summarise the evidence from a series of cohort studies that have assessed study publication bias and outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials. Sixteen studies were eligible of which only two followed the cohort all the way through from protocol approval to information regarding publication of outcomes. Eleven of the studies investigated study publication bias and five investigated outcome reporting bias. Three studies have found that statistically significant outcomes had a higher odds of being fully reported compared to non-significant outcomes (range of odds ratios: 2.2 to 4.7). In comparing trial publications to protocols, we found that 40-62% of studies had at least one primary outcome that was changed, introduced, or omitted. We decided not to undertake meta-analysis due to the differences between studies. Conclusions Recent work provides direct empirical evidence for the existence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias. There is strong evidence of an association between significant results and publication; studies that report positive or significant results are more likely to be published and outcomes that are statistically significant have higher odds of being fully reported. Publications have been found to be inconsistent with their protocols. Researchers need to be aware of the problems of both types of bias and efforts should be concentrated on improving the reporting of trials.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Public Library of Science	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6644
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