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Author Li, W.; Howard, J.D.; Parrish, T.B.; Gottfried, J.A.
Title Supporting Online Material to: Aversive Learning Enhances Perceptual and Cortical Discrimination of Indiscriminable Odor Cues Type Miscellaneous
Year 2008 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 319 Issue 5871 Pages 1842-1845
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Abstract Learning to associate sensory cues with threats is critical for minimizing aversive experience. The ecological benefit of associative learning relies on accurate perception of predictive cues, but how aversive learning enhances perceptual acuity of sensory signals, particularly in humans, is unclear. We combined multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging with olfactory psychophysics to show that initially indistinguishable odor enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) become discriminable after aversive conditioning, paralleling the spatial divergence of ensemble activity patterns in primary olfactory (piriform) cortex. Our findings indicate that aversive learning induces piriform plasticity with corresponding gains in odor enantiomer discrimination, underscoring the capacity of fear conditioning to update perceptual representation of predictive cues, over and above its well-recognized role in the acquisition of conditioned responses. That completely indiscriminable sensations can be transformed into discriminable percepts further accentuates the potency of associative learning to enhance sensory cue perception and support adaptive behavior.
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Notes 10.1126/science.1152837 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4409
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Author Warren-Smith, A.K.; McGreevy, P.D.
Title Preliminary investigations into the ethological relevance of round-pen (round-yard) training of horses Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 285-298
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Abstract Recently, training horses within round-pens has increased in popularity. Practitioners often maintain that the responses they elicit from horses are similar to signals used with senior conspecifics. To audit the responses of horses to conspecifics, 6 mare-young-horse dyads, this study introduced them to each other in a round-pen and videoed them for 8 min. These dyads spent significantly more time farther than 10 m apart than they did less than 1 m apart (p < .001). The time they spent less than 1 m apart decreased over the 8-min test period (p = .018). Mares occupied the center of the round-pen and chased youngsters for 0.73% of the test period (p < .001). Mares made all agonistic approaches (p < .001), and youngsters (p = .018) made all investigative approaches. Head lowering and licking-and-chewing were exhibited most when the youngsters were facing away from the mares (p < .001). The frequency of head lowering increased during the test period (p = .027), whereas the frequency of licking-and-chewing did not change. The results bring into question the popular interpretation and ethological relevance of equine responses commonly described in round-pen training and show that mares did not condition young horses to remain in close proximity to them.
Address Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Notes Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 13 November 2008; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4657
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Author Yorke, J.; Adams, C.; Coady, N.
Title Therapeutic Value of Equine-Human Bonding in Recovery from Trauma Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Anthrozoös Abbreviated Journal Anthrozoös
Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 17-30
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Abstract ABSTRACTAlthough most human-animal bond research has focused on relationships between humans and pets, animals have been used for therapeutic purposes in a variety of settings. Therapeutic riding programs have demonstrated a positive impact on quality of life for people with disabilities. Equine-facilitated psychotherapy is a promising approach to address self-esteem, depression, and other emotional or psychological problems. Restoration of the trauma victim's capacity for recovery hinges on provision of safety and development of trust, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Thus, recovery from trauma represents an ideal context for exploring the therapeutic impact of equine?human relationships. The six participants in this study recognized that their pre-existing relationships with horses were therapeutic during recovering from trauma, defined as sufficient to have caused significant change in the participant's life. Semi-structured interviews and video-tapes of horse?rider interaction were used to describe the nature of the equine?human bond and its contribution to recovery from trauma. The equine?human bonds described by participants have parallels both with important elements of therapeutic alliances between professionals and clients and with the positive impact of relationship factors on client outcome.
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Publisher Routledge Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0892-7936 ISBN Medium
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Notes doi: 10.2752/089279308X274038 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6033
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Author Krapp, A.; Bachmann I.; Troxler, J.
Title Das Liegeverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung Type Conference Article
Year 2008 Publication Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde Abbreviated Journal
Volume 150 Issue 4 Pages 186-187
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Abstract Erarbeitung eines Lösungsansatzes zur Optimierung

des eingeschränkten Liegeverhaltens rangniedriger

Pferde in Gruppenhaltung
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Notes Das Liegeverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung 2008.pdf Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5306
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Author Langbein, J.; Siebert, K.; Nuernberg, G.
Title Concurrent recall of serially learned visual discrimination problems in dwarf goats (Capra hircus) Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Behav Proc Abbreviated Journal
Volume 79 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Langbein2008 Serial 6363
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Author Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G.; Velasco, J.
Title On a chirplet transform-based method applied to separating and counting wolf howls Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Signal Process Abbreviated Journal
Volume 88 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2008 Serial 6466
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Author Hoppitt, W.; Laland, K.N.
Title Social processes influencing learning in animals: a review of the evidence Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Adv Study Behav Abbreviated Journal
Volume 38 Issue Pages 105-165
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hoppitt2008 Serial 6260
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Author Sueur, J.; Aubin, T.; Simonis, C.
Title Seewave: a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Bioacoustics Abbreviated Journal
Volume 18 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sueur2008 Serial 6490
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Author Richards, D.G.; Wiley, R.H.
Title Reverberations and Amplitude Fluctuations in the Propagation of Sound in a Forest: Implications for Animal Communication Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Am Nat Abbreviated Journal
Volume 115 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Richards2008 Serial 6485
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Author Dwan, K.; Altman, D.G.; Arnaiz, J.A.; Bloom, J.; Chan, A.-W.; Cronin, E.; Decullier, E.; Easterbrook, P.J.; Von Elm, E.; Gamble, C.; Ghersi, D.; Ioannidis, J.P.A.; Simes, J.; Williamson, P.R.
Title Systematic Review of the Empirical Evidence of Study Publication Bias and Outcome Reporting Bias Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Plos One Abbreviated Journal Plos One
Volume 3 Issue 8 Pages e3081
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Abstract Background The increased use of meta-analysis in systematic reviews of healthcare interventions has highlighted several types of bias that can arise during the completion of a randomised controlled trial. Study publication bias has been recognised as a potential threat to the validity of meta-analysis and can make the readily available evidence unreliable for decision making. Until recently, outcome reporting bias has received less attention. Methodology/Principal Findings We review and summarise the evidence from a series of cohort studies that have assessed study publication bias and outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials. Sixteen studies were eligible of which only two followed the cohort all the way through from protocol approval to information regarding publication of outcomes. Eleven of the studies investigated study publication bias and five investigated outcome reporting bias. Three studies have found that statistically significant outcomes had a higher odds of being fully reported compared to non-significant outcomes (range of odds ratios: 2.2 to 4.7). In comparing trial publications to protocols, we found that 40-62% of studies had at least one primary outcome that was changed, introduced, or omitted. We decided not to undertake meta-analysis due to the differences between studies. Conclusions Recent work provides direct empirical evidence for the existence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias. There is strong evidence of an association between significant results and publication; studies that report positive or significant results are more likely to be published and outcomes that are statistically significant have higher odds of being fully reported. Publications have been found to be inconsistent with their protocols. Researchers need to be aware of the problems of both types of bias and efforts should be concentrated on improving the reporting of trials.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6644
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