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Moehlman, P. D. (Ed.). (2002). Equids: zebras, asses and horses: status survey and conservation action plan. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Abstract: Once one of the most abundant grazing animals, now only seven species remain. Equids persist in some of the harshest climates and terrains in the world, habitats which are also home to many human populations. Conservation will depend on local nomadic pastoralists participating in, and benefiting from, the conservation management of their areas. Included are summaries of the conservation status, biology and ecology of wild zebras, asses, and horses and recommendations for conservation action
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Equids: Zebras, Asses And Horses: Status Survey And Conservation Action Plan
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Equids: Zebras, Asses And Horses: Status Survey And Conservation Action Plan (Paperback)
by Patricia D Moehlman (Editor)
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Editorial Reviews
Book Description
The new Equid Action Plan provides current knowledge on the biology, ecology and conservation status of wild zebras, asses, and horses. It specifies what information is lacking, and prioritizes needed conservation actions. The Action Plan also provides chapters on equid taxonomy, genetics, reproductive biology, and population dynamics. These chapters highlight unsolved issues of taxonomy and genetics. They also provide information and insight into the special demographic and genetic challenges of managing small populations. The chapter on disease provides a review of documented equine disease and epidemiology and focuses on priorities for equid conservation health. The final chapter deals with the importance of developing an assessment methodology that explicitly considers the role of equids in ecosystems and the ecological processes that are necessary for ecosystem viability. The approach of combining ecological field studies and ecosystem modeling should prove useful for the scientific management and conservation of wild equids worldwide. These chapters provide research and conservation practitioners with new information and paradigms.
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Waring, G. H. (Ed.). (2002). Horse Behavior: The Behavioral Traits and Adaptations of Domestic and Wild Horses, Including Ponies. Nrowich, NY: Noyes Publications.
Abstract: Reviews
Synopsis
The second edition of this informative book remains the most comprehensive and current overview of the behavioral traits and adaptations of horses. The book integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers to provide the reader with a factual synthesis of the behaviour of domestic and feral horses. Building on the strengths of the first edition, the author has thoroughly updated coverage of horse ancestry, development, perception, learning, play, social behavioral manipulation, maintenance activities, and sexual behaviour. Throughout these and other chapters, more emphasis has been given to animal husbandry and management. Additionally, the second edition includes an all-new section on ecological influences on activity patterns, habitat utilization, social behaviour and reproduction. An expanded section on applied ethnology provides behavioral considerations or management and insight regarding the behavioral indicators of horse health and well being. This is followed with an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. The text contains numerous tables and nearly 100 illustrations and photos. Interesting Facts: Rich with international data, incorporated into text, tables, and figures Two new chapters on ecological influences dealing with interactions between environment feeding, ranging, shelter seeking, reproductive and social behavior, among other topics New chapter on behavioral considerations in horse management, plus updated material on health and well being, surveys atypical symptoms ranging from posture to social behaviour Update appendix provides an extensive listing of behavioral symptoms, with identifications of possible associated problems.
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BROUCEK, J., UHRINCAT, M., ARAVE, C. W., FRIEND, T. H., MIHINA, S., KISAC, P., et al. (2002). Effects of Rearing Methods of Heifers during Milk Replacement Period. Czech J. Anim. Sci, 71(4), 509–516.
Abstract: Fifty-eight Holstein heifer calves were assigned to one out of three treatment groups after having nursed by their mothers for the first week: BN) individual hutch, bucket with nipple n=25; DF)loose housing pen, machine milk feeder, n=16; NC) loose housing pen, nursing cow, n=17. After weaning at 8 weeks, all calves were kept in group pens. At 15 weeks of age, the behaviour in the 6-unit maze (16.4 – 4.5 m) was determined. On the first observation day, the calves were tested five times (the first one for training); on the second day there were four runs. The calves had to solve two tasks. In task A, the passage was open on the left side, and on the right side (task B) on the next day. We were testing the following hypothesis: the speed of traversing the maze is affected by the rearing system. The slowest were NC calves. On the first day (task A), the average time to traverse the maze among treatments DF (43.9 s), BN (53 s) and NC (111.3 s) was different (F = 8.26*, P = 0.0007). On the second day (task B), the averages were: BN 77.1 s, DF 83.8 s and DC 166.6 s (F=8.17*, P = 0.0008). The results indicate that the feeding method and housing used to rear calves may have a significant impact on their maze behaviour.
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Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M.G., Freeman, L.C. (2002). Ucinet for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis.
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Barton, R. (2002). The evolutionary ecolgy of the primate brain. In P. C. Lee (Ed.), Comparative Primate Socioecology (pp. 167–204). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Heyes, C. M. (2002). Transformation and associative theories of imitation. In K. Dautenhahn, & C. L. Nehaniv (Eds.), Imitation in animals and artefacts (pp. 501–523). Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press.
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Clow, A., & Hucklebridge, F. (2002). International Review of Neurobiology: Neurobiology of the Immune System (Vol. 52). Amsterdam: Academic Press.
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Neveu, P. J. (2002). Cerebral Lateralisation and the Immune System. In A. Clow, & F. Hucklebridge (Eds.), International Review of Neurobiology: Neurobiology of the Immune System (Vol. 52, pp. 303–318). Amsterdam: Academic Press.
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Zentall, T. R., Galizio, M., & Critchfied, T. S. (2002). Categorization, concept learning, and behavior analysis: an introduction. J Exp Anal Behav, 78(3), 237–248.
Abstract: Categorization and concept learning encompass some of the most important aspects of behavior, but historically they have not been central topics in the experimental analysis of behavior. To introduce this special issue of the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB), we define key terms; distinguish between the study of concepts and the study of concept learning; describe three types of concept learning characterized by the stimulus classes they yield; and briefly identify several other themes (e.g., quantitative modeling and ties to language) that appear in the literature. As the special issue demonstrates, a surprising amount and diversity of work is being conducted that either represents a behavior-analytic perspective or can inform or constructively challenge this perspective.
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Weir, A. A. S., Chappell, J., & Kacelnik, A. (2002). Shaping of hooks in New Caledonian crows. Science, 297(5583), 981.
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