| Records |
| Author |
Murphy, J.; Arkins, S. |
| Title |
Laterality and visuo-spatial ability in the equine: Functional measures of sport horse selection? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
BSAP Occasional Publication |
Abbreviated Journal |
BSAP Occasional Publication |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
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Pages |
159-170 |
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| Abstract |
Laterality in any organism or species can be manifest as morphological, sensory and functional degrees of asymmetry such as hemispheric dominance, handedness or sidedness and other motor functional behaviours and as such is equally important in equitation. The influence of the horses' sex on both the direction and the degree of the laterality was explored within and between 4 experimental procedures in the 1st study. The findings showed that the direction, but not the degree of idiosyncratic motor preference in the horses was strongly sex-related. Male horses exhibited significantly more left lateralized responses and female horses exhibited significantly more right lateralized responses. Visuo-spatial ability is also likely to be important in the performance horse. In many species, moderate to large differences in visuo-spatial ability have been reported between the sexes, with superior visuo-spatial ability being reported in males of all species investigated to date. As no known studies had addressed visuo-spatial ability in the equine, the objective of the 2nd study, was to determine if visuo-spatial ability differed between male and female horses. The results produced the first behavioural demonstration of superior visuo-spatial ability in male horses, similar to that reported in other species. There is evidence to suggest that visuospatial ability and motor laterality are associated with cerebral hemispheric asymmetry and may be intrinsically linked. Brain development and laterality have also been associated with hair patterning, and, in a 3rd study we attempted to identify predictors of lateral bias in motor behaviour in horses. We investigated the relationship between the direction of facial hair whorl rotation and the incidence/direction of laterality in the horse. The findings suggest that direction of facial hair whorl rotation may be a useful indicator of lateralised motor behavioural preferences in the horse. We then attempted to establish if laterality was evident at birth in a 4th study, where we explored if neonatal foals exhibited lateralised patterns during and immediately post the birthing process that were correlated with their facial hair whorl patterns. The results showed a significant association between the sex of the foal and the choice of foreleg presented initially during 2nd stage parturition. Significantly more colt foals led with the left foreleg and significantly more filly foals led with the right foreleg than expected purely by random and the behaviour was correlated with facial hair whorl patterns. The findings also suggest that lateralisation in the horse is determined in utero as has also been shown in humans. Comparisons of wholly intact male and female horses are warranted as they might elucidate additional linkages between motor behaviour, visuo-spatial ability and brain organisation and development in the horse. Further research in this area could lead to more appropriate competition conditions (better fence design/construction on cross-country tracks) and so eliminate unnecessary levels of risk associated with many equestrian sports. |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Edition |
2018/02/27 |
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0263-967x |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6512 |
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| Author |
Berger, K.M. |
| Title |
Carnivore-Livestock conflicts: effects of subsidized predator control and economic correlates on the sheep industry |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Conserv Biol |
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20 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Berger2006 |
Serial |
6448 |
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| Author |
Fagot, J.; Cook, R.G. |
| Title |
Evidence for large long-term memory capacities in baboons and pigeons and its implications for learning and the evolution of cognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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| Volume |
103 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Fagot2006 |
Serial |
6278 |
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| Author |
Nowak, S.; Jedrzejewski, W.; Schmidt, K.; Theuerkauf, J.; Myslajek, R.W.; Jedrzejewska, B. |
| Title |
Howling activity of free-ranging wolves (Canis lupus) in the Bialowieza Primeval Forest and the Western Beskidy Mountains (Poland) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
J Ethol |
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| Volume |
25 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Nowak2006 |
Serial |
6459 |
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| Author |
Warneken, F.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
311 |
Issue |
5765 |
Pages |
1301-1303 |
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| Abstract |
Human beings routinely help others to achieve their goals, even when the helper receives no immediate benefit and the person helped is a stranger. Such altruistic behaviors (toward non-kin) are extremely rare evolutionarily, with some theorists even proposing that they are uniquely human. Here we show that human children as young as 18 months of age (prelinguistic or just-linguistic) quite readily help others to achieve their goals in a variety of different situations. This requires both an understanding of others' goals and an altruistic motivation to help. In addition, we demonstrate similar though less robust skills and motivations in three young chimpanzees. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5607 |
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| Author |
de Cocq, P.; van Weeren, P.R.; Back, W. |
| Title |
Saddle pressure measuring: Validity, reliability and power to discriminate between different saddle-fits |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
172 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
265-273 |
| Keywords |
Horse; Pressure; Back; Saddle; Saddle-fit |
| Abstract |
Saddle-fit is recognised as an important factor in the pathogenesis of back problems in horses and is empirically being evaluated by pressure measurements in clinical practice, although not much is known about the validity, reliability and usability of these devices in the equine field. This study was conducted to assess critically a pressure measurement system marketed for evaluating saddle fit. Validity was tested by calculating the correlation coefficient between total measured pressure and the weight of 28 different riders. Reliability and discriminative power with respect to different saddle fitting methods were evaluated in a highly standardised, paired measurement set-up in which saddle-fit was quantified by air-pressure values inside the panels of the saddle. Total pressures under the saddle correlated well with riders’ weight. A large increase in over-day sensor variation was found. Within trial intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were excellent, but the between trial ICCs varied from poor to excellent and the variation in total pressure was high. In saddles in which the fit was adjusted to individual asymmetries of the horse, the pressure measurement device was able to detect correctly air-pressure differences between the two panels in the back area of the saddle, but not in the front area. The device yielded valid results, but was only reliable in highly standardised conditions. The results question the indiscriminate use of current saddle pressure measurement devices for the quantitative assessment of saddle-fit under practical conditions and suggest that further technical improvement may be necessary. |
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1090-0233 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5819 |
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| Author |
Lim, M.M.; Young, L.J. |
| Title |
Neuropeptidergic regulation of affiliative behavior and social bonding in animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hormon. Behav. |
| Volume |
50 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
506-517 |
| Keywords |
Vasopressin receptor; Oxytocin receptor; Social recognition; Social behavior; Pair bond; Autism; Neuropeptides |
| Abstract |
Social relationships are essential for maintaining human mental health, yet little is known about the brain mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of social bonds. Animal models are powerful tools for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms regulating the cognitive processes leading to the development of social relationships and for potentially extending our understanding of the human condition. In this review, we discuss the roles of the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin in the regulation of social bonding as well as related social behaviors which culminate in the formation of social relationships in animal models. The formation of social bonds is a hierarchical process involving social motivation and approach, the processing of social stimuli and formation of social memories, and the social attachment itself. Oxytocin and vasopressin have been implicated in each of these processes. Specifically, these peptides facilitate social affiliation and parental nurturing behavior, are essential for social recognition in rodents, and are involved in the formation of selective mother-infant bonds in sheep and pair bonds in monogamous voles. The convergence of evidence from these animal studies makes oxytocin and vasopressin attractive candidates for the neural modulation of human social relationships as well as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with disruptions in social behavior, including autism. |
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0018-506x |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6416 |
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| Author |
Riesch, R.; Ford, J.K.B.; Thomsen, F. |
| Title |
Stability and group specificity of stereotyped whistles in resident killer whales, Orcinus orca, off British Columbia |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim.Behav. |
| Volume |
71 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
79-91 |
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| Abstract |
Resident killer whales off British Columbia form four acoustically distinct clans, each with a unique dialect of discrete pulsed calls. Three clans belong to the northern and one to the southern community. Resident killer whales also produce tonal whistles, which play an important role in close-range communication within the northern community. However, there has been no comparative analysis of repertoires of whistles across clans. We investigated the structural characteristics, stability and group specificity of whistles in resident killer whales off British Columbia. Acoustic recordings and behavioural observations were made between 1978 and 2003. Whistles were classified spectrographically and additional observers were used to confirm our classification. Whistles were compared across clans using discriminant function analysis. We found 11 types of stereotyped whistles in the northern and four in the southern community with some of the whistle types being stable over at least 13 years. In northern residents, 10 of the 11 whistle types were structurally identical in two of the three acoustic clans, whereas the whistle types of southern residents differed clearly from those of the northern residents. Our study shows that killer whales that have no overlap in their call repertoire use essentially the same set of stereotyped whistles. Shared stereotyped whistles might provide a community-level means of recognition that facilitates association and affiliation of members of different clans, which otherwise use distinct signals. We further suggest that vocal learning between groups plays an important role in the transmission of whistle types. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5423 |
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| Author |
Trillmich, F.; Rehling, A. |
| Title |
Animal Communication: Parent-Offspring |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
284-288 |
| Keywords |
Begging Strategies; Communication; Competition; Feeding Strategies; Fitness; Parental Care; Parent-Offspring Conflict; Recognition; Sibling Conflict |
| Abstract |
Parent-offspring communication has evolved under strong selection to guarantee that the valuable resource of parental care is expended efficiently on raising offspring. To ensure allocation of parental care to their own offspring, individual recognition becomes established in higher vertebrates when the young become mobile at a time when a nest site can no longer provide a safe cue to recognition. Such recognition needs to be established by rapid, sometimes imprinting-like, processes in animals producing precocial offspring. In parents, offering strategies that stimulate feeding and entice offspring to approach the right site have evolved. Such parental signals can be olfactory, acoustic, or visual. In offspring, begging strategies involve shuffling for the best place to obtain food – be this the most productive teat or the best position in the nest. This involves signals that make the offspring particularly obvious to the parent. Parents often feed young according to their signaling intensity but may also show favoritism for weaker offspring. Offspring signals also serve to communicate the continuing presence of the young and may thereby maintain brood-care behavior in parents. Internal processes in parents may end parental care irrespective of further signaling by offspring, thus ensuring that offspring cannot manipulate parents into providing substantially more care than is optimal for their own fitness. |
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Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Keith Brown |
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ISBN |
9780080448541 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4642 |
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| Author |
Gray, E.R.; Spetch, M.L. |
| Title |
Pigeons Encode Absolute Distance but Relational Direction From Landmarks and Walls |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
474-480 |
| Keywords |
spatial cognition; absolute distance; relational direction; landmark configurations |
| Abstract |
In recent studies, researchers have examined animals' use of absolute or relational distances in finding a hidden goal. When trained with an array of landmarks, most animals use the default strategy of searching at an absolute distance from 1 or more landmarks. In contrast, when trained in enclosures, animals often use the relationship among walls. In the present study, pigeons were trained to find the center of an array of landmarks or a set of short walls that did not block external cues. Expansion tests showed that both groups of pigeons primarily used an absolute distance strategy. However, on rotational tests, pigeons continued to search in the center of the array, suggesting that direction was learned in relation to array. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2894 |
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