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| Author |
Kaseda, Y.; K. Nozawa, K. |
| Title |
Father-daughter matings and its avoidance in Misaki feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Animal Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Sci Tech |
| Volume |
67 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
996-1002 |
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| Abstract |
Father-daughter matings and its avoidance mechanism were analysed on the basis of data which gained from behavioural observations and paternity tests in Misaki feral horses from 1979 to 1994. Twelve stallions and their 51 daughters had 176 breeding seasons, but they lived in the different home range in 82 breeding seasons. About half of 1- to 3-year-old mares emigrated from natal area to the other and grew up there. Therefore, emigrations of young mares may result reduction of contacts and avoidance of inbreeding with their fathers. The stallions and their daughters lived in the same area in 94 breeding seasons, but there were no cases that daughters which left their natal harem groups before sexual maturity formed again stable consort relations with their natal harem stallions. It is possible that separation of young mares from their natal groups before sexual maturity may result avoidance of formation of consort relation with their fathers. Two father-daughter matings were observed in 124 paternity tests. These two daughters were born in the other harem groups than their father's and left their natal groups before maturity. After maturity, one of them formed a stable consort relation with her father and the other remained together with her father for 2 months in the breeding season. Both of them had not experience to have lived with their fathers before maturity. The persent result supports the hypothesis in wild and semi-wild horses that inbreedings between fathers and daughters may be avioded by the experience to have lived together before sexual maturity. |
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0918-2365. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2307 |
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| Author |
Kruska, D. |
| Title |
The effect of domestication on brain size and composition in the mink (Mustela vison) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
J Zool |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
239 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1996 |
Serial |
6234 |
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| Author |
Zentall, T.R.; Sutton, J.E.; Sherburne, L.M. |
| Title |
True imitative learning in pigeons |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Psychol Sci |
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7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zentall1996 |
Serial |
6372 |
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| Author |
Boyd, R.; Richerson, P.J. |
| Title |
Why Culture is Common, but Cultural Evolution is Rare |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the British Academy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Br Acad |
| Volume |
88 |
Issue |
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Pages |
73-93 |
| Keywords |
cultural distributed evolution primates |
| Abstract |
If culture is defined as variation acquired and maintained by social learning, then culture is common in nature. However, cumulative cultural evolution resulting in behaviors that no individual could invent on their own is limited to humans, song birds, and perhaps chimpanzees. Circumstantial evidence suggests that cumulative cultural evolution requires the capacity for observational learning. Here, we analyze two models the evolution of psychological capacities that allow cumulative cultural evolution. Both models suggest that the conditions which allow the evolution of such capacities when rare are much more stringent than the conditions which allow the maintenance of the capacities when common. This result follows from the fact that the assumed benefit of the capacities, cumulative cultural adaptation, cannot occur when the capacities are rare. These results suggest why such capacities may be rare in nature. |
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Royal Society/British Academy |
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http://www.proc.britac.ac.uk/cgi-bin/somsid.cgi?page=summaries/pba88#boyd |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4195 |
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| Author |
Beerda, B.; Schilder, M.B.H.; Janssen, N.S.C.R.M.; Mol, J.A. |
| Title |
The Use of Saliva Cortisol, Urinary Cortisol, and Catecholamine Measurements for a Noninvasive Assessment of Stress Responses in Dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Horm. Behav. |
| Volume |
30 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
272-279 |
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| Abstract |
A problem in assessing animal welfare is that collecting data in itself may be stressful to the animals. Therefore, noninvasive methods for collecting data have to be devised and tested. A first step in investigating saliva cortisol, urinary cortisol, and urinary catecholamine as noninvasive indicators of canine well-being is the validation of these hormonal measures as alternatives for those in plasma. Using a model of insulin (0.2 U/kg)-induced hypoglycemia, we report on stress-induced responses in saliva cortisol, urinary cortisol, and urinary catacholamines relative to cortisol and catecholamine responses in plasma. Hypoglycemia in six dogs induced significant (P< 0.05) increases in plasma cortisol and adrenaline but not noradrenaline. Saliva cortisol responses expressed as net area under the response curve correlated significantly with plasma cortisol responses (r> 0.92). Saliva cortisol levels measured 7 to 12% of plasma cortisol concentrations. Cortisol/creatinine ratios in urine were significantly higher when voided after insulin administeration, compared to when voided after saline treatment. Insulin-induced increments in cortisol/creatinine ratios were nonsignificant when urine samples were assayed after dichloromethane extraction. Although urinary adrenaline/creatinine (A/C) ratios were significantly correlated with maximum plasma adrenaline values after insulin administration, A/C ratios did not differ significantly between insulin and saline treatment. The present experiment provides strong support for using saliva sampling and urine collection as noninvasive methods to establish stress-induced cortisol responses. For measuring acute plasma adrenaline responses, measuring A/C ratios may not be a valid alternative. |
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0018-506x |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5574 |
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| Author |
Miller, R.M. |
| Title |
How we can quickly assume the role of horse herd leader: Making horses compliant and willing subjects |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
4-7 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4329 |
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| Author |
Treichler, F.R.; Van Tilburg, D. |
| Title |
Concurrent Conditional Discrimination Tests of Transitive Inference by Macaque Monkeys: List Linking |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
105-117 |
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| Abstract |
Processing of serial information was assessed by training six macaques on a five-item list of objects arranged into the four conditional pairs, A-B+, B-C+, C-D+, and D-E+. An analogous list (F through J) was similarly trained. Subsequently, both lists were linked by training on E-F+, a pair that provided adjacent elements from each list. Then, all unique and trained object pairs from both lists were presented as a test. Results indicated that the objects were retained as a single, linearly organized list with choice accuracy directly related to interitem distance between paired objects. A second experiment explored the consequences of incidence of conflicting information on list organization. In both experiments, selections depended on representational processes and supported the view that monkeys and pigeons retain serial lists in qualitatively different ways. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
718 |
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| Author |
Reed, P.; Skiera, F.; Adams, L.; Heyes, C.M. |
| Title |
Effects of Isolation Rearing and Mirror Exposure on Social and Asocial Discrimination Performance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Learning and Motivation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Learn. Motiv. |
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
113-129 |
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Four experiments examined the effects of rearing in isolation on rats performance on discrimination-based and social learning tasks. After demonstrating that the rearing procedures produced similar results in an open field task to those previously established (Experiment 1), rats were subjected to two discrimination tasks: an instrumental occasion setting procedure (Experiment 3) and a nonspatial win-stay/lose-shift versus win-shift/lose-stay procedure (Experiment 4). Deficits in acquisition of the necessary discriminations were noted in the rats raised in isolation, but there were no differences between isolation-reared and socially reared subjects in response acquisition per se. In Experiment 2, rats were presented with an observational learning task using the bidirectional control procedure. Socially reared rats had a tendency to imitate the behavior they had observed, but rats raised in isolation performed the opposite behavior to that observed, indicating a failure to use a conspecific as a reference point in the task. The presence of a mirror during rearing in isolation was also investigated, but was found to have little effect in attenuating the above deficits in behavior. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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725 |
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| Author |
Gueron, S.; Levin, S.A.; Rubenstein, D.I. |
| Title |
The Dynamics of Herds: From Individuals to Aggregations |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of Theoretical Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume |
182 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
85-98 |
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| Abstract |
The dynamic behavior of small herds is investigated by means of simulations of two-dimensional discrete-stochastic models. An individual-based approach is used to relate collective behavior to individual decisions. In our model, the motion of an individual in a herd is assumed to be the combined result of both density-independent and density-dependent decisions, in the latter case based on the influence of surrounding neighbors; assumed decision rules are hierarchical, balancing short range repulsion against long-range attraction. The probability of fragmentation of the model herd depends on parameter values. We explore the variety and characteristics of spatial patterns that develop during migration, for herds that are homogeneous and heterogeneous regarding intrinsic walking speeds. Group integrity can be maintained even in mixed populations, but fragmentation results for these more easily than for a homogeneous herd. Observations of natural populations suggest that animals move away from individuals that intrude too closely into their environment, but are attracted to individuals at a distance. Between these extremes, there appears to be a neutral zone, within which other individuals engender no response. We explore the importance of this neutral zone, and offer evolutionary interpretations. In particular, the neutral zone, if not too large, permits the individual to remain in contact with the herd, while reducing the frequency with which acceleration or deceleration must be undertaken. This offers obvious energetic benefits. |
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0022-5193 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5253 |
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| Author |
Dugatkin, L.A. |
| Title |
Tit for Tat, by-product mutualism and predator inspection: a reply to Connor |
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Journal Article |
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1996 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
51 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
455-457 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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487 |
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