| Records |
| Author |
Henry, S.; Fureix, C.; Rowberry, R.; Bateson, M.; Hausberger, M. |
| Title |
Do horses with poor welfare show 'pessimistic' cognitive biases? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
The Science of Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Nat. |
| Volume |
104 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
8 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
This field study tested the hypothesis that domestic horses living under putatively challenging-to-welfare conditions (for example involving social, spatial, feeding constraints) would present signs of poor welfare and co-occurring pessimistic judgement biases. Our subjects were 34 horses who had been housed for over 3 years in either restricted riding school situations (e.g. kept in single boxes, with limited roughage, ridden by inexperienced riders; N = 25) or under more naturalistic conditions (e.g. access to free-range, kept in stable social groups, leisure riding; N = 9). The horses' welfare was assessed by recording health-related, behavioural and postural indicators. Additionally, after learning a location task to discriminate a bucket containing either edible food ('positive' location) or unpalatable food ('negative' location), the horses were presented with a bucket located near the positive position, near the negative position and halfway between the positive and negative positions to assess their judgement biases. The riding school horses displayed the highest levels of behavioural and health-related problems and a pessimistic judgment bias, whereas the horses living under more naturalistic conditions displayed indications of good welfare and an optimistic bias. Moreover, pessimistic bias data strongly correlated with poor welfare data. This suggests that a lowered mood impacts a non-human species' perception of its environment and highlights cognitive biases as an appropriate tool to assess the impact of chronic living conditions on horse welfare. |
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| ISSN |
1432-1904 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Henry2017 |
Serial |
6665 |
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| Author |
Beer, C.G. |
| Title |
Varying Views of Animal and Human Cognition |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition in Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
435-456 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Summary In this chapter I want to stand back from the splendid empirical work on animal cognitive capacities that is the focus of this book, and look at the broader context of cognitive concerns within which the work can be viewed. Indeed even the term `cognitive ethology' currently connotes and denotes more than is represented here, as other collections of articles, such as and , exemplify. I include the current descendants of behavioristic learning theory, evolutionary epistemology, evolutionary psychology and the recent comparative turn that has been taken in cognitive science. These several approaches, despite their considerable overlap, often appear independent and even ignorant of one another. Like the proverbial blind men feeling the hide of an elephant, they touch hands from time to time, yet collectively have only a piecemeal and distributed understanding of the shape of the whole. Although each approach may indeed need the space to work out its own conceptual and methodological preoccupations without confounding interference from other views, a utopian spirit envisages an ultimate coming together, a more comprehensive realization of the synthetic approach to animal cognition that is this book's theme. |
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Thesis |
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Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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ISBN |
9780120770304 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2915 |
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| Author |
Dyer, F.C. |
| Title |
Spatial Cognition: Lessons from Central-place Foraging Insects |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition in Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
119-154 |
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| Abstract |
Summary Spatial orientation has played an extremely important role in the development of ideas about the behavioral capacities of animals. Indeed, as the modern scientific study of animal behavior emerged from its roots in zoology and experimental psychology, studies of spatial orientation figured in the work of many of the pioneering researchers, including Tinbergen (), von ), Watson () and . |
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| Publisher |
Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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ISBN |
9780120770304 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2913 |
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| Author |
Kamil, A.C. |
| Title |
On the Proper Definition of Cognitive Ethology |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition in Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-28 |
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| Abstract |
Summary The last 20-30 years have seen two `scientific revolutions' in the study of animal behavior: the cognitive revolution that originated in psychology, and the Darwinian, behavioral ecology revolution that originated in biology. Among psychologists, the cognitive revolution has had enormous impact. Similarly, among biologists, the Darwinian revolution has had enormous impact. The major theme of this chapter is that these two scientific research programs need to be combined into a single approach, simultaneously cognitive and Darwinian, and that this single approach is most appropriately called cognitive ethology. |
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| Publisher |
Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
9780120770304 |
Medium |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4202 |
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| Author |
Smith, W.J. |
| Title |
Cognitive Implications of an Information-sharing Model of Animal Communication |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition in Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
227-243 |
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| Abstract |
Summary In social communication, one animal signals and another responds. Several cognitive steps are involved as the second animal selects its responses; these steps can be described as follows in terms of an informational model. First, the responding individual must evaluate the information made available by the signaling on the basis of other information, available from sources contextual to the signal. Second, the respondent must fit all of the relevant information into patterns generated from recall of past events (conscious recall is not generally required; pattern fitting is a fundamental skill). Third, conditional predictions must be made; and fourth, the individual must test and modify any of these predictions for which significant consequences exist. Many vertebrate animals appear to respond to signaling with considerable flexibility. Communicative events are thus complex but are by no means intractable. Indeed, communication provides us with excellent opportunities to investigate animal cognition. |
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Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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Summary Language |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
9780120770304 |
Medium |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2914 |
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| Author |
Franks, N.R.; Richardson, T. |
| Title |
Teaching in tandem-running ants |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
439 |
Issue |
7073 |
Pages |
153 |
| Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Ants/*physiology; Feedback/physiology; Learning/*physiology; *Teaching |
| Abstract |
The ant Temnothorax albipennis uses a technique known as tandem running to lead another ant from the nest to food--with signals between the two ants controlling both the speed and course of the run. Here we analyse the results of this communication and show that tandem running is an example of teaching, to our knowledge the first in a non-human animal, that involves bidirectional feedback between teacher and pupil. This behaviour indicates that it could be the value of information, rather than the constraint of brain size, that has influenced the evolution of teaching. |
| Address |
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 IUG, UK. nigel.franks@bristol.ac.uk |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1476-4687 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Notes |
PMID:16407943 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4651 |
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| Author |
Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. |
| Title |
Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
423 |
Issue |
6938 |
Pages |
432-434 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Energy Metabolism; Food; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity; *Social Behavior; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
Animals that forage socially often stand to gain from coordination of their behaviour. Yet it is not known how group members reach a consensus on the timing of foraging bouts. Here we demonstrate a simple process by which this may occur. We develop a state-dependent, dynamic game model of foraging by a pair of animals, in which each individual chooses between resting or foraging during a series of consecutive periods, so as to maximize its own individual chances of survival. We find that, if there is an advantage to foraging together, the equilibrium behaviour of both individuals becomes highly synchronized. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players spontaneously develop, leading them to adopt different behavioural roles. The individual with lower reserves emerges as the 'pace-maker' who determines when the pair should forage, providing a straightforward resolution to the problem of group coordination. Moreover, the strategy that gives rise to this behaviour can be implemented by a simple 'rule of thumb' that requires no detailed knowledge of the state of other individuals. |
| Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. s.rands@zoo.cam.ac.uk |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:12761547 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5138 |
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| Author |
Adolphs, R. |
| Title |
Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature Reviews. Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Rev Neurosci |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
165-178 |
| Keywords |
Cognition; Emotions; Humans; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
We are an intensely social species--it has been argued that our social nature defines what makes us human, what makes us conscious or what gave us our large brains. As a new field, the social brain sciences are probing the neural underpinnings of social behaviour and have produced a banquet of data that are both tantalizing and deeply puzzling. We are finding new links between emotion and reason, between action and perception, and between representations of other people and ourselves. No less important are the links that are also being established across disciplines to understand social behaviour, as neuroscientists, social psychologists, anthropologists, ethologists and philosophers forge new collaborations. |
| Address |
Deparment of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. ralph-adolphs@uiowa.edu |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Edition |
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1471-003X |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:12612630 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4706 |
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| Author |
Conradt, L.; Roper, T.J. |
| Title |
Group decision-making in animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
421 |
Issue |
6919 |
Pages |
155-158 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Decision Making; Democracy; Group Processes; *Models, Biological; Population Density; Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Groups of animals often need to make communal decisions, for example about which activities to perform, when to perform them and which direction to travel in; however, little is known about how they do so. Here, we model the fitness consequences of two possible decision-making mechanisms: 'despotism' and 'democracy'. We show that under most conditions, the costs to subordinate group members, and to the group as a whole, are considerably higher for despotic than for democratic decisions. Even when the despot is the most experienced group member, it only pays other members to accept its decision when group size is small and the difference in information is large. Democratic decisions are more beneficial primarily because they tend to produce less extreme decisions, rather than because each individual has an influence on the decision per se. Our model suggests that democracy should be widespread and makes quantitative, testable predictions about group decision-making in non-humans. |
| Address |
School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK. l.conradt@sussex.ac.uk |
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English |
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Edition |
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0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:12520299 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5136 |
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| Author |
Moon, C.; Baldridge, M.T.; Wallace, M.A.; Burnham, C.-A.D.; Virgin, H.W.; Stappenbeck, T.S. |
| Title |
Vertically transmitted faecal IgA levels determine extra-chromosomal phenotypic variation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
521 |
Issue |
7550 |
Pages |
90-93 |
| Keywords |
Phenotype |
| Abstract |
The proliferation of genetically modified mouse models has exposed phenotypic variation between investigators and institutions that has been challenging to control1-5. In many cases, the microbiota is the presumed culprit of the variation. Current solutions to account for phenotypic variability include littermate and maternal controls or defined microbial consortia in gnotobiotic mice6,7. In conventionally raised mice, the microbiome is transmitted from the dam2,8,9. Here we show that microbially–driven dichotomous fecal IgA levels in WT mice within the same facility mimic the effects of chromosomal mutations. We observed in multiple facilities that vertically-transmissible bacteria in IgA-Low mice dominantly lowered fecal IgA levels in IgA-High mice after cohousing or fecal transplantation. In response to injury, IgA-Low mice showed increased damage that was transferable by fecal transplantation and driven by fecal IgA differences. We found that bacteria from IgA-Low mice degraded the secretory component (SC) of SIgA as well as IgA itself. These data indicate that phenotypic comparisons between mice must take into account the non-chromosomal hereditary variation between different breeders. We propose fecal IgA as one marker of microbial variability and conclude that cohousing and/or fecal transplantation enables analysis of progeny from different dams. |
| Address |
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. |
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eng |
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0028-0836 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6005 |
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