Home | << 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >> [11–14] |
Records | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Bonin, S.J.; Clayton, H.M.; Lanovaz, J.L.; Johnston, T. | ||||
Title | Comparison of mandibular motion in horses chewing hay and pellets | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet. J. |
Volume | 39 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 258-262 |
Keywords | horse; temporomandibular joint; mastication; kinematics | ||||
Abstract | Summary Reasons for performing study: Previous studies have suggested that temporomandibular joint (TMJ) kinematics depend on the type of food being masticated, but accurate measurements of TMJ motion in horses chewing different feeds have not been published. Hypothesis: The temporomandibular joint has a larger range of motion when horses chew hay compared to pellets. Methods: An optical motion capture system was used to track skin markers on the skull and mandible of 7 horses as they chewed hay and pellets. A virtual marker was created on the midline between the mandibles at the level of the 4th premolar teeth to represent the overall motion of the mandible relative to the skull during the chewing cycle. Results: Frequency of the chewing cycles was lower for hay than for pellets. Excursions of the virtual mandibular marker were significantly larger in all 3 directions when chewing hay compared to pellets. The mean velocity of the virtual mandibular marker during the chewing cycle was the same when chewing the 2 feeds. Conclusions: The range of mediolateral displacement of the mandible was sufficient to give full occlusal contact of the upper and lower dental arcades when chewing hay but not when chewing pellets. Potential relevance: These findings support the suggestion that horses receiving a diet high in concentrate feeds may require more frequent dental prophylactic examinations and treatments to avoid the development of dental irregularities associated with smaller mandibular excursions during chewing. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | American Medical Association (AMA) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | doi: 10.2746/042516407X157792 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6513 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Davies, H.M.S.; Merritt, J.S. | ||||
Title | Surface strains around the midshaft of the third metacarpal bone during turning | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Veterinary Journal |
Volume | 36 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 689-692 |
Keywords | horse; exercise; strain; third metacarpal bone; turns | ||||
Abstract | Summary Reasons for performing study: Bone strains quantify skeletal effects of specific exercise and hence assist in designing training programmes to avoid bone injury. Objective: To test whether compressive strains increase on the lateral surface of the inside third metacarpal bone (McIII) and the medial surface of the outside McIII in a turn. Methods: Rosette strain gauges on dorsal, medial and lateral surfaces of the midshaft of the left McIII in 2 Thoroughbred geldings were recorded simultaneously during turning at the walk on a bitumen surface. Results: Medial surface: Compression peaks were larger in the outside limb. Tension peaks were larger in the inside limb and in a tighter turn. On the lateral surface compression and tension peaks were larger on the inside limb, which showed the largest recorded strains (compression of -1400 microstrains). Dorsal compression strains were larger on the outside limb and on a larger circle. Tensile strains were similar in both directions and larger on a larger circle. Conclusions: Compressive strains increased on the lateral surface of the inside McIII and medial surface of the outside McIII in a turn. Potential relevance: Slow-speed turning exercise may be sufficient to maintain bone mechanical characteristics in the inside limb lateral McIII cortex. Further work is needed to confirm these findings and to determine whether faster gaits and/or tighter turns are sufficient to cause bone modelling levels of strain in the medial and lateral McIII cortex. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | American Medical Association (AMA) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6715 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Morgan, K.; Funkquist, P.; Nyman, G. | ||||
Title | The effect of coat clipping on thermoregulation during intense exercise in trotters | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Veterinary Journal |
Volume | 34 | Issue | S34 | Pages | 564-567 |
Keywords | horse; thermoregulation; heat loss; recovery; blood temperature; oxygen uptake | ||||
Abstract | Summary The aim of this study was to study the physiological, especially thermoregulatory, responses during intense exercise in the clipped horse compared to the horse with winter coat. Six Standardbred trotters were studied before and after clipping. They performed an inclined incremental high intensity treadmill exercise test and were monitored during recovery. The clipped horse differed significantly (ANOVA) during exercise as compare to coated: less increase in central venous blood temperature, higher skin surface temperature, greater difference skin to ambient temperature and higher rate of nonevaporative heat loss. The clipped horse had significantly lower total cutaneous evaporative heat loss from walk to end of peak exercise and a shorter time for recovery for the respiratory rate using a paired t test. The clipped horse showed a tendency (P = 0.059) to decreased oxygen uptake during the stepwise increase in workload. We concluded that the clipped horse experienced less strain on the thermoregulatory system due to an enhanced heat loss. Some clipped horses in the study showed a more efficient power output; future studies with emphasis on respiration and oxygen demand are needed to explain this. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | American Medical Association (AMA) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05484.x | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6614 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Goodwin, D. | ||||
Title | The importance of ethology in understanding the behaviour of the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Veterinary Journal |
Volume | 31 | Issue | S28 | Pages | 15-19 |
Keywords | horse; behaviour; domestication; interspecific communication | ||||
Abstract | Summary Domestication has provided the horse with food, shelter, veterinary care and protection, allowing individuals an increased chance of survival. However, the restriction of movement, limited breeding opportunities and a requirement to expend energy, for the benefit of another species, conflict with the evolutionary processes which shaped the behaviour of its predecessors. The behaviour of the horse is defined by its niche as a social prey species but many of the traits which ensured the survival of its ancestors are difficult to accommodate in the domestic environment. There has been a long association between horses and man and many features of equine behaviour suggest a predisposition to interspecific cooperation. However, the importance of dominance in human understanding of social systems has tended to overemphasise its importance in the human-horse relationship. The evolving horse-human relationship from predation to companionship, has resulted in serial conflicts of interest for equine and human participants. Only by understanding the nature and origin of these conflicts can ethologists encourage equine management practices which minimise deleterious effects on the behaviour of the horse. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | American Medical Association (AMA) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6714 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Drevemo, S.; Fredricson, I.; Hjertén, G.; McMIKEN, D. | ||||
Title | Early development of gait asymmetries in trotting Standardbred colts | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1987 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine. Vet. J. |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 189-191 |
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | Summary Ten trotting Standardbred colts were recorded by high-speed cinematography at the ages of eight, 12 and 18 months. The horses were trotting on a treadmill operating at 4.0 m/secs. Five horses were subjected to a programme of intensified training from eight months of age, whereas the others were not trained and acted as controls. The films were analysed on a semi-automatic film-reading equipment and a number of variables used to demonstrate the gait symmetry were calculated and scaled by computer. Certain differences between left and right diagonal and contralateral pair of limbs, respectively, were noted, suggesting that laterality in horses may be inherited. The most pronounced systematic differences were found in 18-month old horses in the trained group. The results show the importance of careful gait examination and comprehensive coordination training at an early age. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | American Medical Association (AMA) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1987.tb01373.x | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6702 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Kaseda, Y.; Ogawa, H.; Khalil, A.M. | ||||
Title | Causes of natal dispersal and emigration and their effects on harem formation in Misaki feral horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
Volume | 29 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 262-266 |
Keywords | Age Factors; Animal Migration; Animals; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; Female; Horses/*physiology/psychology; Male; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | Misaki feral horses were separated into 2 herds and the difference between dispersal from natal group (natal dispersal) and dispersal from natal area (natal emigration) was studied. The causes of dispersal and emigration and their effects on harem formation were studied 1979-1994. The number of horses ranged from 73 (mature males: 8, mature females: 26, young males: 8, young females: 3, colt foals: 6, filly foals: 10 and geldings: 12) in 1979 and 86 (mature males: 14, mature females: 37, young males: 12, young females: 7, colt foals: 5, filly foals: 7 and geldings: 4) in 1994 when the present study ended. All 29 males which survived to age 4 years and 58 females which survived to age 3 years left their natal or mother groups at age one to 3. Seventeen of 22 dispersing males and 29 of 39 dispersing females left their natal groups around the birth of their siblings and significant correlations were found between natal dispersal and birth of a sibling. The number of emigrating young males correlated negatively and significantly with the total number of young males in another herd and the number of emigrating young females correlated positively and significantly with the total number of young females in the natal herd. All 13 emigrating stallions which survived to age 5 years formed stable harem groups and a significant correlation was found between natal emigration and harem formation. Twenty-three of 35 resident mares formed stable consort relations with harem stallions and a significant correlation was found between residence and formation of stable consort relations. | ||||
Address | Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki-shi, 889-21, Japan | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:15338905 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4630 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Albright, J.D.; Mohammed, H.O.; Heleski, C.R.; Wickens, C.L.; Houpt, K.A. | ||||
Title | Crib-biting in US horses: Breed predispositions and owner perceptions of aetiology | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 41 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 455-458 |
Keywords | HORSE; BEHAVIOUR; CRIB-BITING; BREED PREVALENCE; LEARNING | ||||
Abstract | Reasons for performing study: Crib-biting is an equine stereotypy that may result in diseases such as colic. Certain breeds and management factors have been associated. Objectives: To determine: breed prevalence of crib-biting in US horses; the likelihood that one horse learns to crib-bite from another; and owner perceptions of causal factors. Methods: An initial postal survey queried the number and breed of crib-biting horses and if a horse began after being exposed to a horse with this habit. In a follow-up survey, a volunteer subset of owners was asked the number of affected and nonaffected horses of each breed and the extent of conspecific contact. The likelihood of crib-biting given breed and extent of contact was quantified using odds ratio (OR) and significance of the association was assessed using the Chi-squared test. Results: Overall prevalence was 4.4%. Thoroughbreds were the breed most affected (13.3%). Approximately half of owners believed environmental factors predominantly cause the condition (54.4%) and crib-biting is learned by observation (48.8%). However, only 1.0% of horses became affected after being exposed to a crib-biter. The majority (86%) of horses was turned out in the same pasture with other horses and extent of contact with conspecifics was not statistically related to risk. Conclusion: This is the first study to report breed prevalence for crib-biting in US horses. Thoroughbreds were the breed more likely to be affected. More owners believed either environmental conditions were a predominant cause or a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the behaviour. Only a small number of horses reportedly began to crib-bite after being exposed to an affected individual, but approximately half of owners considered it to be a learned behaviour; most owners did not isolate affected horses. Potential relevance: Genetic predisposition, not just intensive management conditions and surroundings, may be a factor in the high crib-biting prevalence in some breeds, and warrants further investigation. Little evidence exists to suggest horses learn the behaviour from other horses, and isolation may cause unnecessary stress. |
||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5010 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Anderson, T.M.; McIlwraith, C.W.; Douay, P. | ||||
Title | The role of conformation in musculoskeletal problems in the racing Thoroughbred | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
Volume | 36 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 571-575 |
Keywords | Animals; Carpus, Animal/anatomy & histology/physiology; Horse Diseases/etiology/*pathology/surgery; Horses/*anatomy & histology/injuries/physiology; Likelihood Functions; Logistic Models; Muscle, Skeletal/*anatomy & histology/pathology; Musculoskeletal Diseases/pathology/surgery/*veterinary; Tarsus, Animal/anatomy & histology/physiology; Treatment Outcome | ||||
Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The relationship of conformation to future potential injury is a standard approach in practise but, at present, is largely based on subjective observations. OBJECTIVE: To measure conformation in 3-year-old Thoroughbreds and objectively test its relationship with the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems. METHODS: Conformation measurements were taken from photographs using specific reference points marked on the horses and processed on the computer. Clinical observations were recorded for each horse on a regular basis. Stepwise (forward) logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the binary response of the clinical outcomes probability and the conformation variables by the method of maximum likelihood. RESULTS: Clinical outcomes significantly (P<0.05) associated with conformational variables included effusion of the front fetlock, effusion of the right carpus, effusion of the carpus, effusion of the hind fetlock, fracture of the left or right carpus, right front fetlock problem and hind fetlock problem. CONCLUSIONS: Offset knees (offset ratio) contributed to fetlock problems. Long pasterns increased the odds of a fracture in the front limb. An increase in the carpal angle as viewed from the front (carpal valgus) may serve as a protective mechanism, as the odds for a carpal fracture and carpal effusion decreased with an increase in the carpal angle. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study demonstrates relationships between conformation and musculoskeletal disease in the racehorse. The information may be useful in selection and management of the racing Thoroughbred. | ||||
Address | Colorado State University, Equine Science and Equine Orthopaedic Research Programs, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:15581320 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3697 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | von Peinen, K.; Wiestner, T.; Bogisch, S.; Roepstorff, L.; Van Weeren, P.R.; Weishaupt, M.A. | ||||
Title | Relationship between the forces acting on the horse's back and the movements of rider and horse while walking on a treadmill | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 41 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 285-291 |
Keywords | horse; ground reaction forces; kinematics; rider; saddle force | ||||
Abstract | Reasons for performing study: The exact relationship between the saddle pressure pattern during one stride cycle and the movements of horse and rider at the walk are poorly understood and have never been investigated in detail. Hypothesis: The movements of rider and horse account for the force distribution pattern under the saddle. Method: Vertical ground reaction forces (GRF), kinematics of horse and rider as well as saddle forces (FS) were measured synchronously in 7 high level dressage horses while being ridden on an instrumented treadmill at walk. Discrete values of the total saddle forces (FStot) were determined for each stride and related to kinematics and GRF. The pressure sensitive mat was divided into halves and sixths to assess the force distribution over the horse's back in more detail. Differences were tested using a one sample t test (P<0.05). Results: FStot of all the horses showed 3 peaks (P1-P3) and 3 minima (M1-M3) in each half-cycle, which were systematically related to the footfall sequence of the walk. Looking at the halves of the mat, force curves were 50% phase-shifted. The analysis of the FS of the 6 sections showed a clear association to the rider's and horse's movements. Conclusion: The saddle force distribution during an entire stride cycle has a distinct pattern although the force fluctuations of the FStot are small. The forces in the front thirds were clearly related to the movement of the front limbs, those in the mid part to the lateral flexion of the horse's spine and the loading of the hind part was mainly influenced by the axial rotation and lateral bending of the back. Potential relevance: These data can be used as a reference for comparing different types of saddle fit. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2042-3306 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5822 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Bartoš, L.; Bartošová, J.; Starostová, L. | ||||
Title | Position of the head is not associated with changes in horse vision | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 40 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 599-601 |
Keywords | horse; horse vision; head position; pupil rotation | ||||
Abstract | It has become accepted that the horse cannot see directly in front when the nose is lowered and must therefore rely on the rider. We tested the hypothesis that this conclusion would be correct only if the horse did not adjust the eyeball horizontal axis to changes of the head position. The results of the present study suggest that it is unlikely that horses have limited vision in relation to their head position when driven by the rider, and that the horse maintains the optimal horizontal eyeball position regardless of head position relative to the ground. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2042-3306 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5679 | ||
Permanent link to this record |