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Author |
Gangemi, A.; Pisanelli, D.M.; Steve, G. |
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Title |
Understanding systematic conceptual structures in polysemous medical terms |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proceedings / AMIA ... Annual Symposium. AMIA Symposium |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc AMIA Symp |
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Volume |
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Pages |
285-289 |
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Keywords |
*Linguistics; *Terminology; Vocabulary, Controlled |
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Abstract |
Polysemy is a bottleneck for the demanding needs of semantic data management. We suggest the importance of a well-founded conceptual analysis for understanding some systematic structures underlying polysemy in the medical lexicon. We present some cases studies, which exploit the methods (ontological integration and general theories) and tools (description logics and ontology libraries) of the ONIONS methodology defined elsewhere by the authors. This paper addresses an aspect (systematic metomymies) of the project we are involved in, which investigates the feasibility of building a large-scale ontology library of medicine that integrates the most important medical terminology banks. |
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Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR Roma, Italy |
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English |
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1531-605X |
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PMID:11079890 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
613 |
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Author |
Whiten, A. |
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Title |
Social complexity and social intelligence |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Novartis Foundation Symposium |
Abbreviated Journal |
Novartis Found Symp |
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Volume |
233 |
Issue |
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Pages |
185-96; discussion 196-201 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Humans; *Intelligence/physiology; Learning; Models, Psychological; Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Problems |
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Abstract |
When we talk of the 'nature of intelligence', or any other attribute, we may be referring to its essential structure, or to its place in nature, particularly the function it has evolved to serve. Here I examine both, from the perspective of the evolution of intelligence in primates. Over the last 20 years, the Social (or 'Machiavellian') Intelligence Hypothesis has gained empirical support. Its core claim is that the intelligence of primates is primarily an adaptation to the special complexities of primate social life. In addition to this hypothesis about the function of intellect, a secondary claim is that the very structure of intelligence has been moulded to be 'social' in character, an idea that presents a challenge to orthodox views of intelligence as a general-purpose capacity. I shall outline the principal components of social intelligence and the environment of social complexity it engages with. This raises the question of whether domain specificity is an appropriate characterization of social intelligence and its subcomponents, like theory of mind. As a counter-argument to such specificity I consider the hypothesis that great apes exhibit a cluster of advanced cognitive abilities that rest on a shared capacity for second-order mental representation. |
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School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JU, UK |
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English |
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1528-2511 |
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Notes |
PMID:11276903 |
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2084 |
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Author |
Dyer, F. C. |
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Title |
Individual cognition and group movement: insights from social insects. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Group Movement in Social Primates and Other Animals: Patterns, Processes, and Cognitive Implications. |
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University of Chicago Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
Editor |
Garber, P.;Boinski, S. |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4425 |
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Author |
Connor, R.C.; Wells, R.S.; Mann, J.; Read,A.J. |
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Title |
The bottlenose dolphin: Social relationships in a fission-fusion society. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales. |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
91-126 |
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Keywords |
cetacean social behavior, male alliance formation, most cetacean species, platanistid river dolphins, cetacean sociality, strategies and social bonds, female cetaceans, many cetologists, most mysticetes, sperm whale calves, passive fishing nets, variant whistles, historical whaling records, cetacean systematics, stable matrilineal groups, peak calving season, suction cup tags, mutualistic groups, cetacean vocalizations, focal animal studies, larger odontocetes, predictive signaling, individual cetaceans, sperm whale clicks, resident killer whales |
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Abstract |
Book Description
“Part review, part testament to extraordinary dedication, and part call to get involved, Cetacean Societies highlights the achievements of behavioral ecologists inspired by the challenges of cetaceans and committed to the exploration of a new world.”-from the preface by Richard Wrangham
Long-lived, slow to reproduce, and often hidden beneath the water's surface, whales and dolphins (cetaceans) have remained elusive subjects for scientific study even though they have fascinated humans for centuries. Until recently, much of what we knew about cetaceans came from commercial sources such as whalers and trainers for dolphin acts. Innovative research methods and persistent efforts, however, have begun to penetrate the depths to reveal tantalizing glimpses of the lives of these mammals in their natural habitats.
Cetacean Societies presents the first comprehensive synthesis and review of these new studies. Groups of chapters focus on the history of cetacean behavioral research and methodology; state-of-the-art reviews of information on four of the most-studied species: bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, sperm whales, and humpback whales; and summaries of major topics, including group living, male and female reproductive strategies, communication, and conservation drawn from comparative research on a wide range of species.
Written by some of the world's leading cetacean scientists, this landmark volume will benefit not just students of cetology but also researchers in other areas of behavioral and conservation ecology as well as anyone with a serious interest in the world of whales and dolphins.
Contributors are Robin Baird, Phillip Clapham, Jenny Christal, Richard Connor, Janet Mann, Andrew Read, Randall Reeves, Amy Samuels, Peter Tyack, Linda Weilgart, Hal Whitehead, Randall S. Wells, and Richard Wrangham. |
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University of Chicago Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
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Mann, J.;Connor, R.C.; Tyack, P.L.;Whitehead, H. |
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ISBN |
978-0226503417 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4427 |
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Author |
Wilson O. E., |
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Title |
Sociobiology: The new Synthesis |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2000 |
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Volume |
25th edition |
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Belknap Press |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ WilsonO.E.1929 |
Serial |
4731 |
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Author |
Jezierski T., Gorecka A. |
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Title |
Changes in the horses heart rate during different levels of social isolation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Animal Science Papers and Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep. |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
33-41 |
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Keywords |
horse; heart rate; human-animal relation |
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Abstract |
Social isolation in horses may be regarded as a stress factor which implies welfare problems. The aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of different levels of transient social isolation and human presence on the heart rate (HR) in horses. Seven horses were used and the experiment was conducted in a tether-stable without boxes. The HR was recorded electronically, continuously for 40 min during the following test situations: all horses in the stable; experimenter approaches the tested horse, other horses being untied and leaving the stable; tested horse staying alone or in the company of one or two stable-mates; the experimenter attempts to calm the isolated horse; outdoor auditory stimuli from other horses. The HR was significantly higher during the whole period of isolation, and depended on how many horses were left as company for the one tested. The highest HR was observed while other horses were leaving the stable and during perception of outdoor auditory stimuli from others. When in the company of two stable mates, the HR was elevated only while other horses were leaving the stable and during auditory stimuli from outdoors. Human presence evoked a significant increase in HR, probably due to conditioning of horses (expecting to be untied and allowed to join the others), irrespectively whether the tested horse was left alone or with one or two stable-mates. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4816 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.; Kusunose, R. |
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Title |
Genetics of behaviour. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
The Genetics of the Horse |
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Pages |
281-306 |
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CABI Publishing |
Place of Publication |
New York |
Editor |
Bowling, A.T., Ruvinsky, A. |
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ISBN |
9780851994291 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4821 |
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Author |
Houpt, K. A.; Kusonose, R. |
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Title |
Genetic of behaviour |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Genetics of the Horse |
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Pages |
281-306 |
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Cab Intl |
Place of Publication |
Wallingford Oxfordshire |
Editor |
Bowling,A. T. ; Ruvinsky, A. |
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978-0851994291 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5021 |
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Author |
Byrne, R.W. |
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Title |
How monkeys find their way: leadership, coordination, and cognitive maps of African baboons. |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups |
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Pages |
491–518 |
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Chicago University Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
Editor |
Boinski, S.; Garber, P.A. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5146 |
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Author |
Holekamp, K.E, Boydston, E.E; Smale, L. |
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Title |
Group Travel in Social Carnivores |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups |
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Pages |
587-627 |
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Chicago University Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
Editor |
Boinski, S.; Garber, P.A. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5147 |
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