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Author |
Jankunis, E.S.; Whishaw, I.Q. |
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Title |
Sucrose Bobs and Quinine Gapes: Horse (Equus caballus) responses to taste support phylogenetic similarity in taste reactivity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Behavioural Brain Research |
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Volume |
256 |
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284-290 |
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Keywords |
Hedonic; Aversive; Reactions; Taste; Reactivity; Horse |
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Abstract |
Evidence suggests that behavioural affective reactions to sweet and bitter substances are homologous in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. The sweet taste of sucrose elicits facial responses that include rhythmic tongue protrusions whereas the bitter taste of quinine elicits facial responses that include gapes, featuring an opening of the mouth and protrusion of the tongue. The present study using the horse (Equus caballus) was undertaken for three reasons: (1) there is debate about the presence of a sweet receptor gene in the horse, (2) there is a need to expand the examination of facial reactions to taste in lineages other than the closely related lineages of rodents and primates, and (3) the horse provides an opportunity to test the hypothesis that some social signals derive from movements related to taste reaction. The horses were given oral infusions of either sucrose or quinine and their behaviour was examined using frame-by-frame video analysis. Control groups were exposed received water or syringe insertion only. Amongst the many responses made to the infusions, the distinctive response to sucrose was a bob coupled with a slight tongue protrusion and forward movement of the ears; the distinctive response to quinine was a head extension and mouth gape accompanied by a large tongue protrusion and backward movement of the ears. Sucrose Bobs and Quinine Gapes are discussed with respect to: (1) the relevance of facial reactions to both sucrose and quinine to taste receptors in horses, (2) the similarity of features of taste expression in horses to those documented in rodents and primates, and (3) the dissimilarity between facial reactions to taste and other social signals displayed by horses. |
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0166-4328 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6635 |
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Author |
Lucidi, P.; Bacco, G.; Sticco, M.; Mazzoleni, G.; Benvenuti, M.; Bernabò, N.; Trentini, R. |
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Title |
Assessment of motor laterality in foals and young horses (Equus caballus) through an analysis of derailment at trot |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
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109 |
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8-13 |
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Keywords |
Horse; Laterality; Longeing; Sidedness |
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The conflicting results regarding the study of motor laterality in horses may indicate that there does not exist a proper method to assess the degree and the direction of motor bias in these animals. Unfortunately, even less is known about the development of laterality in horses, and to what extent early manipulations can still exert their effects in adulthood. We propose a new method that can be easily applied at a very early age thus avoiding testing adult horses eventually biased by human handling and/or training. Forty-six horses (29 nine-month-old foals and 17 two-year old horses) were handled since birth bilaterally and housed in groups in wide areas. At the time of the analysis, in order to minimize environmental and sensorial disturbances, each horse was tested in a round pen individually or as dyad mother-foal. The ability/inability to properly execute a circle at trot was then recorded, assuming the direction of derailment, i.e. the cutting of the circle, as an indicator of motor bias. From the results of the study it is arguable that motor laterality in horses is acquired over time: in fact foals tested while their mothers were being subjected to longeing showed a higher percentage of ambidextrous animals, while two-year-old horses appeared biased toward the right (p<0.05). Results are discussed in the light of the scientific knowledge about equine biomechanics, taking into account horses' locomotion that leads to the advancement of the body mass through the activation of a kinetic chain that originates from the hindquarters. |
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0031-9384 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6666 |
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López-Bao, J.V.; Sazatornil, V.; Llaneza, L.; Rodríguez, A. |
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Title |
Indirect Effects on Heathland Conservation and Wolf Persistence of Contradictory Policies that Threaten Traditional Free-Ranging Horse Husbandry |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Conservation Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conservation Letters |
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6 |
Issue |
6 |
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448-455 |
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Farmland biodiversity; heathlands; integration of environmental policies; management of livestock carcasses; traditional land uses; wolf conservation |
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Abstract Conservation agencies within the European Union promote the restoration of traditional land uses as a cost-effective way to preserve biodiversity outside reserves. Although the European Union pursues the integration of the environment into strategic decision-making, it also dictates sectoral policies that may damage farmland biodiversity. We illustrate this point by outlining the socioeconomic factors that allow the persistence of traditional free-ranging horse husbandry in Galicia, northwestern Spain. Free-ranging Galician mountain ponies provide ecological and socioeconomic services including the prevention of forest fires, the maintenance of heathlands and wolves, and the attenuation of wolf-human conflicts. This traditional livestock system may have persisted because it entails negligible costs for farmers. Wolf predation upon Galician mountain ponies does not threaten farmer's economies and seems to be tolerated better than attacks to more valuable stock. Recently, European Union's regulations on animal welfare, carcass management, or meat production put new economic and administrative burdens on farmers, make free-ranging horse rearing economically unsustainable, and incentivize its abandonment. The aim of the European Union to integrate environmental policies may be successful to preserve farmland biodiversity only through careful anticipation of the side effects of apparently unrelated regulations on the fragile equilibrium that sustain traditional land uses. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
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1755-263x |
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https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12014 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6685 |
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Author |
Wolter, R.; Pantel, N.; Möstl, E.; Krueger, K. |
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Title |
Die Rolle des Alpha-Hengstes in einer Przewalski Bachelor-Gruppe beim Erkunden einer neuen Fläche in einem Semi-Reservat |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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Göttinger Pferdetage'13 |
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66 |
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978-3-88542-782-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5946 |
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Author |
Fuchs, K.; Götz, K.; Manschel, K.; Pohl, L.; Preisendanz, L.; Weil, S.; Weiß, V.; Wittum, J.; Krueger, K. |
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Title |
Vergleich der Interaktionen von Pferden in Boxenhaltung mit Weidegang und Pferden in Offenstallhaltung |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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Göttinger Pferdetage’13 |
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13 |
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65 |
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978-3-88542-782-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5948 |
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Ruess, M.; Schmelz, A.; Krueger, K. |
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Title |
Einfluss vitomechanischer Schwingungen auf das Muskuloskeletalsystem der Pferde |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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Göttinger Pferdetage’13 |
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13 |
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111 |
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978-3-88542-782-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5949 |
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Lerbs, S.; Raue, T.; Krueger, K |
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Untersuchung der natürlichen Schiefe der Fohlen in Abhängigkeit zur sensorischen und motorischen Lateralität, sowie zur Seitenpräferenz beim Saugen |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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Göttinger Pferdetage’13 |
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13 |
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978-3-88542-782-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5950 |
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Krueger, K.; Lerbs, S. |
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Die Schiefe, und die motorische sowie sensorische Lateralität des Pferdes |
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2013 |
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Jahrestagung der DVG, Fachgruppe: Tierschutz & Ethologie und Tierhaltung Umwelt und Tierhygiene |
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ISBN 978-3-86345-177-6 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5951 |
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Author |
Leblanc, M.-A. |
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Title |
The mind of the horse, An Introduction to Equine Cognition |
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2013 |
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Horses were first domesticated about 6,000 years ago on the vast Eurasian steppe extending from Mongolia to the Carpathian Mountains. Yet only in the last two decades have scientists begun to explore the specific mental capacities of these animals. Responding to a surge of interest in fields from ethology to comparative psychology and evolutionary biology, Michel-Antoine Leblanc presents an encyclopedic synthesis of scientific knowledge about equine behavior and cognition. The Mind of the Horse provides experts and enthusiasts alike with an up-to-date understanding of how horses perceive, think about, and adapt to their physical and social worlds.
Much of what we know—or think we know—about “the intelligence of the horse” derives from fragmentary reports and anecdotal evidence. Putting this accumulated wisdom to the test, Leblanc introduces readers to rigorous experimental investigations into how horses make sense of their world under varying conditions. He describes the anatomical and neurophysiological characteristics of the horse’s brain, and offers an evolutionary perspective by comparing these features with those of other species. A horseman himself, Leblanc also considers the opinions of renowned riding masters, as well as controversies surrounding the extraordinary powers of the horse’s mind that have stirred in equestrian and scientific circles.
Although scientists understand more today about how horses think than at any time in our species’ long acquaintance with these animals, much remains in the dark. The Mind of the Horse brings together the current state of equine research and will likely stimulate surprising new discoveries. |
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Harvard University Press |
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Harvard, MA |
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9780674724969 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5827 |
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R Foundation for Statistical Computing |
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2013 |
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R Foundation for Statistical Computing |
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Vienna, Austria |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ ref80 |
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6295 |
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