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Author Stahl, F.; Dorner, G.
Title Responses of salivary cortisol levels to stress-situations Type (up) Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Endokrinologie Abbreviated Journal Endokrinologie
Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 158-162
Keywords Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/diagnostic use; Anxiety Disorders/metabolism; Circadian Rhythm; Cushing Syndrome/metabolism; Fear/physiology; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*metabolism; Male; Pain/metabolism; Pregnancy; Saliva/*metabolism; Stress/*metabolism
Abstract A procedure is described for determining salivary cortisol levels by a competitive protein-binding assay using horse transcortin. The collection of saliva was performed by means of filter paper-strips. Filter paper samples are more than 5 days stable after air-drying. In this form, the samples could be stored without refrigerator or deep-freezer and, if necessary, sent by post to the laboratory without any special precaution. Stressful situation of either painful or anxious origin were associated with an adequate increase of salivary cortisol levels. The increases were 157 to 230% of the initial or normal values dependent on the kind of stress. The mean values in 4 cases of Cushing's syndrome were 380% and 1 hour after 25 I.U. ACTH 690% higher than those in normal persons. In normal persons, a well-defined circadian rhythm has been observed.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0013-7251 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:6297880 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 4056
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Author Beck, B.B.
Title Chimpocentrism: Bias in cognitive ethology Type (up) Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Journal of Human Evolution Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 3-17
Keywords herring gull; chimpanzee; cognition; tool-use; shell-dropping; mollusk; predation
Abstract Herring gulls drop hard-shelled mollusks and hermit crab-inhabited molluskan prey in order to break the shells and gain access to the edible interior. A field study of predatory shell dropping on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. showed that the gulls usually drop the same shell repeatedly, orient directly to dropping sites that are invisible from the point at which the mollusks are captured, drop preferentially on hard surfaces, adjust dropping heights to suit the area and elasticity of the substrate, orient directly into the wind while dropping, sever the large defensive cheliped of hermit crabs before consumption, and rinse prey that is difficult to swallow. Proficiency in prey dropping is acquired through dropping objects in play, trial-and-error learning, and perhaps, observation learning.

Observable attributes of predatory shell-dropping support inferences that the gulls are capable of extended concentration, purposefulness, mental representation of spatially and temporally displaced environmental features, cognitive mapping, cognitive modeling, selectivity, and strategy formation. Identical cognitive processes have been inferred to underlie the most sophisticated forms of chimpanzee tool-use.

Advanced cognitive capacities are not restricted to chimpanzees and other pongids, and are not associated uniquely with tool use. The chimpocentric bias should be abandoned, and reconstructions of the evolution of intelligence should be modified accordingly.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4414
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Author Steiner, M.
Title Biomechanics of tendon healing Type (up) Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Journal of Biomechanics Abbreviated Journal J Biomech
Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 951-958
Keywords Achilles Tendon/injuries; Animals; Biomechanics; Rats; Tendon Injuries/pathology/*physiopathology; Tensile Strength; Time Factors; *Wound Healing
Abstract The biomechanics of tendon healing was investigated with unsutured rat achilles tendons. After two, three, and four weeks of healing tensile parameters were assayed with a bone-muscle-tendon-bone preparation elongated to failure at a controlled physiological strain rate. In the third week of healing, stiffness, strength, and energy absorbing capacity all increased approximately 50%. These changes correlated with early fibroplasia. In the fourth week of healing, strength, energy absorbing capacity and elongation to failure all increased relatively more than stiffness. Histologically, larger fibers with better longitudinal alignment developed during this period. At the end of four weeks the tendon's strength was approximately 25% of normal. To summarize, the return of stiffness in a healing tendon preparation correlated with the presence of fibroplasia and the return of other tensile parameters was a function of the amount and organization of the fibroplasia.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-9290 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:7166555 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4448
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Author Zahn-Waxler, C; Radke-Yarrow, M.
Title The Development of Altruism: Alternative Research Strategies Type (up) Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication The Development of Prosocial Behavior Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Publisher New York: Academic Press Place of Publication New York Editor Eisenberg , N.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5011
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Author Thor, D.H.; Holloway, W.R.
Title Social memory of the male laboratory rat Type (up) Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology Abbreviated Journal J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol.
Volume 96 Issue 6 Pages 1000-1006
Keywords duration of social-investigatory behavior, measure of conspecific recognition &; social memory, male rats
Abstract Used duration of social-investigatory behavior by 36 mature male Long-Evans rats as a measure of individual recognition in 5 experiments to assess social memory. In Exp I, the duration of social investigation during a 2nd exposure to the same juvenile (n[en space]=[en space]12) was directly related to the length of the interexposure interval. In Exp II, Ss were exposed to the same or different juvenile 10 min after an initial 5-min exposure to a novel juvenile; reexposure to the same juvenile elicited significantly less social investigation than an exposure to a different juvenile. Exps III and IV demonstrated that following a 5-min introductory exposure, social memory of the juvenile was relatively brief in comparison with that of mature Ss. Exp V revealed a retroactive interference effect on recently acquired memory for an individual: 12 mature Ss exposed to interpolated social experience engaged in significantly longer investigation of a juvenile than those with no interpolated social experience. The combined results suggest that (1) the rat normally engages in spontaneous learning of individual identity and (2) social memory may be a significant aspect of complex social interactions. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
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ISSN 0021-9940 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5133
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Author Duncan, P.
Title Foal killing by stallions Type (up) Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal Appl. Animal. Ethol.
Volume 8 Issue 6 Pages 567-570
Keywords
Abstract Feral horses live in social systems similar to those of some species in which infant killing has been reported (e.g. lions), but such behaviour has been reported neither in horses nor in any other ungulate. The results of interviews with owners of free-ranging horses (Camargue breed) are given which show that, though rare, infant killing occurs in this breed, and that it seems to be confined to male foals. It is argued that the observed behaviour cannot simply be considered as pathological, and that close attention should be paid to the possibility that it occurs in wild and feral equids.
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ISSN 0304-3762 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5260
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Author Eisenberg,N.; Beilin,H.
Title The Development of Prosocial Behavior Type (up) Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication Editor
Language english Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 978-0-12-234980-5 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5976
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Author Frank, H.; Frank, M.G.
Title On the effects of domestication on canine social development and behavior Type (up) Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Appl Anim Ethol Abbreviated Journal
Volume 8 Issue Pages
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Frank1982 Serial 6259
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Author Harrington, F.H.; Mech, L.D.
Title An analysis of howling response parameters useful for wolf pack censusing Type (up) Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication J Wildl Manag Abbreviated Journal
Volume 46 Issue Pages
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Harrington1982 Serial 6456
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Author Maynard Smith, J.
Title Evolution and the Theory of Games Type (up) Miscellaneous
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4855
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