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Author |
Forster, H.V.; Pan, L.G.; Bisgard, G.E.; Flynn, C.; Hoffer, R.E. |
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Title |
Changes in breathing when switching from nares to tracheostomy breathing in awake ponies |
Type  |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Physiol |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1214-1221 |
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Keywords |
Airway Resistance; Animals; Chemoreceptors/physiology; Consciousness; Exertion; Horses/*physiology; Lung Compliance; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Stretch Receptors/physiology; *Respiration; Respiratory Dead Space; *Tracheotomy |
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Abstract |
We assessed the consequences of respiratory unloading associated with tracheostomy breathing (TBr). Three normal and three carotid body-denervated (CBD) ponies were prepared with chronic tracheostomies that at rest reduced physiological dead space (VD) from 483 +/- 60 to 255 +/- 30 ml and lung resistance from 1.5 +/- 0.14 to 0.5 +/- 0.07 cmH2O . l-1 . s. At rest and during steady-state mild-to-heavy exercise arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) was approximately 1 Torr higher during nares breathing (NBr) than during TBr. Pulmonary ventilation and tidal volume (VT) were greater and alveolar ventilation was less during NBr than TBr. Breathing frequency (f) did not differ between NBr and TBr at rest, but f during exercise was greater during TBr than during NBr. These responses did not differ between normal and CBD ponies. We also assessed the consequences of increasing external VD (300 ml) and resistance (R, 0.3 cmH2O . l-1 . s) by breathing through a tube. At rest and during mild exercise tube breathing caused PaCO2 to transiently increase 2-3 Torr, but 3-5 min later PaCO2 usually was within 1 Torr of control. Tube breathing did not cause f to change. When external R was increased 1 cmH2O . l-1 . s by breathing through a conventional air collection system, f did not change at rest, but during exercise f was lower than during unencumbered breathing. These responses did not differ between normal, CBD, and hilar nerve-denervated ponies, and they did not differ when external VD or R were added at either the nares or tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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8750-7587 |
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PMID:4055600 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
100 |
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Author |
Hendricks, J.C.; Morrison, A.R. |
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Title |
Normal and abnormal sleep in mammals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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Volume |
178 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
121-126 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cat Diseases/physiopathology; Cats; Cattle; Dog Diseases/physiopathology; Dogs; Dreams; Horses/physiology; Humans; Narcolepsy/physiopathology/veterinary; Sleep/*physiology; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology/veterinary; Sleep Disorders/physiopathology/*veterinary; Sleep, REM/physiology |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:7204232 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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101 |
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Author |
Hillidge, C.J.; Lees, P. |
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Title |
Cardiac output in the conscious and anaesthetised horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
16-21 |
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Keywords |
Anesthesia, Inhalation/*veterinary; Animals; Carbon Dioxide/blood; *Cardiac Output/veterinary; *Consciousness; Electrocardiography/veterinary; Ether, Ethyl; Female; Halothane; Heart Rate; Heart Ventricles/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Oxygen/blood; Posture |
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Abstract |
Cardiac output in the horse was measured before and at predetermined times during 2-hour periods of thiopentone-halothane and thiopentone-diethyl ether anaesthesia. Left ventricular stroke volume was decreased to a similar extent during anaesthesia with each volatile agent, but a greater reduction in cardiac output occurred during halothane anaesthesia. This finding reflected the differing effects of halothane and ether on heart rate, a slight bradycardia occurring with the former agent while ether produced a small degree of tachycardia. The latter effect was attributed to enhanced sympathoadrenal activity. Changes in cardiac output and stroke volume were considered in relation to other factors, including arterial blood pH and tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Positive correlations between some of these variables and cardiac function were established. With both volatile agents the reductions in stroke volume and cardiac output were related to the duration of anaesthesia, being greatest during the early stages. Possible reasons for the tendency of stroke volume and cardiac output to return towards control levels are discussed. |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:234842 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
102 |
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Author |
Tavernor, W.D.; Lees, P. |
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Title |
A pharmacological investigation of the influence of suxamethonium on cardiac function in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1968 |
Publication |
Experientia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Experientia |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
582-583 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Arrhythmia/chemically induced; Consciousness; Halothane; Heart/innervation; Heart Rate/*drug effects; Horses/*physiology; Oxygen; Propranolol/pharmacology; Receptors, Sensory/drug effects; Stimulation, Chemical; Succinylcholine/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology; Tachycardia/chemically induced; Thiopental |
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0014-4754 |
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Notes |
PMID:5697737 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
104 |
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Author |
Alexander, F. |
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Title |
The effect of some anti-diarrhoeal drugs on intestinal transit and faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
229-234 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Antidiarrheals/*pharmacology; Atropine/pharmacology; Electrolytes/*analysis/urine; Feces/*analysis; Gastrointestinal Motility/*drug effects; Horses/*metabolism/physiology; Loperamide/pharmacology; Male; Meperidine/pharmacology; Morphine/pharmacology; Opium/pharmacology; Water/*analysis |
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Abstract |
The effect of morphine, Tinct. opii, loperamide, pethidine and atropine on intestinal transit and the faecal and urinary excretion of water and electrolytes was studied in ponies. The rate of passage of a particulate marker was slowed by morphine, hastened then slowed by loperamide and Tinct. opii, and hastened by atropine. The liquid marker was slowed by Tinct. opii and hastened then slowed by the other drugs. Only loperamide decreased the faecal sodium excretion. This drug also decreased faecal water and weight; it appeared worthy of clinical trial in diarrhoea. Tinct. opii decreased by morphine, pethidine and atropine increased faecal water. |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:738263 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
110 |
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Author |
Alexander, F. |
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Title |
Multiple fistulation of the horse's large intestine |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
The British veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br. Vet. J. |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
604-606 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cecum/physiology; Colon/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Intestinal Fistula; Intestine, Large/*physiology; *Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Methods |
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ISSN |
0007-1935 |
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Notes |
PMID:5492494 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
115 |
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Author |
Alexander, F. |
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Title |
A study of parotid salivation in the horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1966 |
Publication |
The Journal of physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Physiol |
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Volume |
184 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
646-656 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Atropine/*pharmacology; Bicarbonates/metabolism; Calcium/metabolism; Chlorides/metabolism; Horses; Mastication/*physiology; Parotid Gland/*physiology; Pilocarpine/*pharmacology; Potassium/metabolism; Salivation/*drug effects; Sodium/metabolism; Tetracaine/*pharmacology |
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0022-3751 |
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Notes |
PMID:5963737 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
119 |
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Author |
Alexander, F. |
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Title |
The preparation of Biebl loops and Thiry-Vella fistulae of the ileum of the horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1951 |
Publication |
The Journal of physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Physiol |
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Volume |
115 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
63-4 P |
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Keywords |
Gastrointestinal Tract/*physiology; *GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM/physiology |
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0022-3751 |
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PMID:14898527 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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128 |
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Author |
Altmann, H.J.; Hertel, J.; Drepper, K. |
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Title |
[Nutritional physiology of the horse. 3. Protein values in the gastrointestinal tract of slaughtered horses] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung und Futtermittelkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z Tierphysiol Tierernahr Futtermittelkd |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
245-252 |
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Keywords |
Amino Acids/*analysis/biosynthesis; *Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Horses/*physiology; Intestines/analysis |
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German |
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Original Title |
Erhnahrungsphysiologische Untersuchungen beim Pferd. 3. Untersuchungen uber die Proteinwertigkeit im Magendarmtrakt von Schlachtpferen |
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ISSN |
0044-3565 |
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Notes |
PMID:5519259 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
135 |
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Author |
Hertel, J.; Altmann, H.J.; Drepper, K. |
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Title |
[Nutritional physiology studies of the horse. II. Raw nutrient studies of the gastrointestinal tract of slaughtered horses] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung und Futtermittelkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z Tierphysiol Tierernahr Futtermittelkd |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
169-174 |
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Keywords |
Animal Feed/*analysis; *Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Digestive System/*analysis; Horses/*physiology; Intestines/metabolism; Lipid Metabolism; Proteins/metabolism; Stomach/metabolism |
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German |
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Original Title |
Ernahrungsphysiologische Untersuchungen beim Pferd. II. Rohnahrstoffuntersuchungen im Magen-Darm-Trakt von Schlachtpferden |
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0044-3565 |
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Notes |
PMID:5516852 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
136 |
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