Linton, M. L. (1970). Washoe the chimpanzee. Science, 169(943), 328.
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Singh, M., Singh, M., Sharma, A. K., & Krishna B. A. (2003). Methodological considerations in measurement of dominance in primates. CURRENT SCIENCE, 84(5), 709–713.
Abstract: The strength of dominance hierarchy in a group of
animals needs to be quantitatively measured since it
influences many other aspects of social interactions.
This article discusses three attempts made by previous
researchers to measure the strength of hierarchy. We
propose a method which attempts to rectify the lacunae
in the previous attempts. Data are used from a
group of Japanese macaques housed in a colony. A
method to calculate strength of hierarchy has been
illustrated and a procedure has been suggested to
normalize the dominance scores in order to place the
ranks of individuals on an interval scale.
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Clayton, N. S. (2004). COGNITION: An Open Sandwich or an Open Question? Science, 305(5682), 344–.
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Pinker, S. (1999). COGNITION:Enhanced: Out of the Minds of Babes. Science, 283(5398), 40–41.
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Emery, N. J., & Clayton, N. S. (2004). The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes. Science, 306(5703), 1903–1907.
Abstract: Discussions of the evolution of intelligence have focused on monkeys and apes because of their close evolutionary relationship to humans. Other large-brained social animals, such as corvids, also understand their physical and social worlds. Here we review recent studies of tool manufacture, mental time travel, and social cognition in corvids, and suggest that complex cognition depends on a “tool kit” consisting of causal reasoning, flexibility, imagination, and prospection. Because corvids and apes share these cognitive tools, we argue that complex cognitive abilities evolved multiple times in distantly related species with vastly different brain structures in order to solve similar socioecological problems.
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Gallup GG. (1970). Chimpanzees: self-recognition. Science, 167, 86.
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Jolly, A. (1966). Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence. Science, 153(3735), 501–506.
Abstract: Our human intellect has resulted from an enormous leap in capacity above the level of monkeys and apes. Earlier, though, Old and New World monkeys' intelligence outdistanced that of other mammals, including the prosimian primates. This first great advance in intelligence probably was selected through interspecific competition on the large continents. However, even at this early stage, primate social life provided the evolutionary context of primate intelligence.
Two arguments support this conclusion. One is ontogenetic: modern monkeys learn so much of their social behavior, and learn their behavior toward food and toward other species through social example. The second is phylogenetic: some prosimians, the social lemurs, have evolved the usual primate type of society and social learning without the capacity to manipulate objects as monkeys do. It thus seems likely that the rudiments of primate society preceded the growth of primate intelligence, made it possible, and determined its nature.
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Premack D, & Woodruff G. (1978). Chimpanzee problem-solving: a test for comprehension. Science, 202(3), 532.
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Zentall TR, & Levine JM. (1972). Observational learning and social facilitation in the rat. Science, 178, 1220.
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Clayton NS, & Dickinson A. (2006). Rational rats. Science, 9, 472.
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