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Author | Bergstrom, C.T.; Lachmann, M. | ||||
Title | Signaling among relatives. III. Talk is cheap | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
Volume | 95 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 5100-5105 |
Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Costs and Cost Analysis; *Evolution; Interpersonal Relations; Models, Biological | ||||
Abstract | The Sir Philip Sidney game has been used by numerous authors to show how signal cost can facilitate honest signaling among relatives. Here, we demonstrate that, in this game, honest cost-free signals are possible as well, under very general conditions. Moreover, these cost-free signals are better for all participants than the previously explored alternatives. Recent empirical evidence suggests that begging is energetically inexpensive for nestling birds; this finding led some researchers to question the applicability of the costly signaling framework to nestling begging. Our results show that cost-free or inexpensive signals, as observed empirically, fall within the framework of signaling theory. | ||||
Address | Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. carl@charles.stanford.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:9560235 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 561 | ||
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Author | Chalmeau, R.; Gallo, A. | ||||
Title | Cooperation in primates: Critical analysis of behavioural criteria | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 35 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 101-111 |
Keywords | Cognition; Communication; Cooperation; Evolution; Primates | ||||
Abstract | Concerning hunting in chimpanzees, cooperation has generally been attributed to the behaviour of two or more individuals acting together to achieve a common goal (Boesch and Boesch, 1989). The common goal is often considered as the concrete result of a common action by two or several individuals. Although this result could be used as a criterion for cooperation, it could also be an outcome due to chance. We suggest that the goal, viewed as a concrete benefit shared by the partners, is not a requisite of cooperation but rather a possible consequence of a common action largely submitted to social constraints. Individuals engaged in a cooperative task in order to solve a problem have to exchange information to adjust to each other's behaviour. However, evidence of communication between partners during simultaneous cooperation is rare. An experiment in which two chimpanzees each had to simultaneously pull a handle to get a fruit was performed. We analysed not only the concrete result of the partners' activity but also what the individuals took into account before pulling a handle. We tried to specify what the chimpanzees learned by means of a series of logical propositions which we were able to confront the experimental results. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 570 | ||
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Author | Pepperberg, I.M. | ||||
Title | In search of king Solomon's ring: cognitive and communicative studies of Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Brain, behavior and evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Brain Behav Evol |
Volume | 59 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 54-67 |
Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Attention/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Cues; Form Perception/physiology; Humans; Intelligence; Learning/physiology; Male; Models, Psychological; Parrots/*physiology; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Reward; Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | During the past 24 years, I have used a modeling technique (M/R procedure) to train Grey parrots to use an allospecific code (English speech) referentially; I then use the code to test their cognitive abilities. The oldest bird, Alex, labels more than 50 different objects, 7 colors, 5 shapes, quantities to 6, 3 categories (color, shape, material) and uses 'no', 'come here', wanna go X' and 'want Y' (X and Y are appropriate location or item labels). He combines labels to identify, request, comment upon or refuse more than 100 items and to alter his environment. He processes queries to judge category, relative size, quantity, presence or absence of similarity/difference in attributes, and show label comprehension. He semantically separates labeling from requesting. He thus exhibits capacities once presumed limited to humans or nonhuman primates. Studies on this and other Greys show that parrots given training that lacks some aspect of input present in M/R protocols (reference, functionality, social interaction) fail to acquire referential English speech. Examining how input affects the extent to which parrots acquire an allospecific code may elucidate mechanisms of other forms of exceptional learning: learning unlikely in the normal course of development but that can occur under certain conditions. | ||||
Address | The MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, USA. impepper@media.mit.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0006-8977 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12097860 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 579 | ||
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Author | Brauer, J.; Kaminski, J.; Riedel, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
Title | Making inferences about the location of hidden food: social dog, causal ape | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
Volume | 120 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 38-47 |
Keywords | Animals; Communication; Cues; Dogs; Exploratory Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Food; Male; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; *Visual Perception | ||||
Abstract | Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and great apes from the genus Pan were tested on a series of object choice tasks. In each task, the location of hidden food was indicated for subjects by some kind of communicative, behavioral, or physical cue. On the basis of differences in the ecologies of these 2 genera, as well as on previous research, the authors hypothesized that dogs should be especially skillful in using human communicative cues such as the pointing gesture, whereas apes should be especially skillful in using physical, causal cues such as food in a cup making noise when it is shaken. The overall pattern of performance by the 2 genera strongly supported this social-dog, causal-ape hypothesis. This result is discussed in terms of apes' adaptations for complex, extractive foraging and dogs' adaptations, during the domestication process, for cooperative communication with humans. | ||||
Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. jbraeuer@eva.mpg.de | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Washington, D.C. : 1983 | Editor | ||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:16551163 | Approved | yes | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 597 | ||
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Author | B. Agnetta,; B. Hare,; M. Tomasello, | ||||
Title | Cues to food location that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of different ages do and do not use | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 107-112 |
Keywords | Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication | ||||
Abstract | Autoren B. Agnetta, B. Hare, M. Tomasello Zusammenfassung The results of three experiments are reported. In the main study, a human experimenter presented domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) with a variety of social cues intended to indicate the location of hidden food. The novel findings of this study were: (1) dogs were able to use successfully several totally novel cues in which they watched a human place a marker in front of the target location; (2) dogs were unable to use the marker by itself with no behavioral cues (suggesting that some form of human behavior directed to the target location was a necessary part of the cue); and (3) there were no significant developments in dogs' skills in these tasks across the age range 4 months to 4 years (arguing against the necessity of extensive learning experiences with humans). In a follow-up study, dogs did not follow human gaze into “empty space” outside of the simulated foraging context. Finally, in a small pilot study, two arctic wolves (Canis lupus) were unable to use human cues to locate hidden food. These results suggest the possibility that domestic dogs have evolved an adaptive specialization for using human-produced directional cues in a goal-directed (especially foraging) context. Exactly how they understand these cues is still an open question. Schlüsselwörter Key words Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 598 | ||
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Author | Keiper, R.R. | ||||
Title | Social structure | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 465-484 |
Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Dominance-Subordination; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Homing Behavior; *Horses; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance | ||||
Abstract | Socially feral horses live in stable social groups characterized by one adult male, a number of adult females, and their offspring up to 2 years of age. Extra males either live by themselves or with other males in bachelor groups. The bands occupy nondefended home ranges that often overlap. Many abnormal behaviors seen in domestic horses occur because some aspect of their normal social behavior cannot be carried out in captivity. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0749-0739 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:3492240 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 675 | ||
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Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. | ||||
Title | Signalers and receivers in animal communication | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Annual review of psychology | Abbreviated Journal | Annu Rev Psychol |
Volume | 54 | Issue | Pages | 145-173 | |
Keywords | Affect; *Animal Communication; Animals; Arousal; Auditory Perception; Motivation; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal | ||||
Abstract | In animal communication natural selection favors callers who vocalize to affect the behavior of listeners and listeners who acquire information from vocalizations, using this information to represent their environment. The acquisition of information in the wild is similar to the learning that occurs in laboratory conditioning experiments. It also has some parallels with language. The dichotomous view that animal signals must be either referential or emotional is false, because they can easily be both: The mechanisms that cause a signaler to vocalize do not limit a listener's ability to extract information from the call. The inability of most animals to recognize the mental states of others distinguishes animal communication most clearly from human language. Whereas signalers may vocalize to change a listener's behavior, they do not call to inform others. Listeners acquire information from signalers who do not, in the human sense, intend to provide it. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0066-4308 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12359915 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 690 | ||
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Author | Fischer, J.; Hammerschmidt, K.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. | ||||
Title | Acoustic features of male baboon loud calls: influences of context, age, and individuality | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | Abbreviated Journal | J Acoust Soc Am |
Volume | 111 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1465-1474 |
Keywords | Age Factors; Animal Communication; Animals; Individuality; Male; *Papio; *Social Environment; *Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal | ||||
Abstract | The acoustic structure of loud calls (“wahoos”) recorded from free-ranging male baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) in the Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana, was examined for differences between and within contexts, using calls given in response to predators (alarm wahoos), during male contests (contest wahoos), and when a male had become separated from the group (contact wahoos). Calls were recorded from adolescent, subadult, and adult males. In addition, male alarm calls were compared with those recorded from females. Despite their superficial acoustic similarity, the analysis revealed a number of significant differences between alarm, contest, and contact wahoos. Contest wahoos are given at a much higher rate, exhibit lower frequency characteristics, have a longer “hoo” duration, and a relatively louder “hoo” portion than alarm wahoos. Contact wahoos are acoustically similar to contest wahoos, but are given at a much lower rate. Both alarm and contest wahoos also exhibit significant differences among individuals. Some of the acoustic features that vary in relation to age and sex presumably reflect differences in body size, whereas others are possibly related to male stamina and endurance. The finding that calls serving markedly different functions constitute variants of the same general call type suggests that the vocal production in nonhuman primates is evolutionarily constrained. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA. fischer@eva.mpg.de | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0001-4966 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11931324 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 691 | ||
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Author | Fischer, J.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. | ||||
Title | Development of infant baboons' responses to graded bark variants | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society | Abbreviated Journal | Proc Biol Sci |
Volume | 267 | Issue | 1459 | Pages | 2317-2321 |
Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Male; Models, Psychological; Papio/growth & development/*physiology; *Vocalization, Animal | ||||
Abstract | We studied the development of infant baboons' (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) responses to conspecific 'barks' in a free-ranging population in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. These barks grade from tonal, harmonically rich calls into calls with a more noisy, harsh structure. Typically, tonal variants are given when the signaller is at risk of losing contact with the group or a particular individual ('contact barks'), whereas harsh variants are given in response to predators ('alarm barks'). We conducted focal observations and playback experiments in which we presented variants of barks recorded from resident adult females. By six months of age, infants reliably discriminated between typical alarm and contact barks and they responded more strongly to intermediate alarm calls than to typical contact barks. Infants of six months and older also recognized their mothers by voice. The ability to discriminate between different call variants developed with increasing age. At two and a half months of age, infants failed to respond at all, whereas at four months they responded irrespective of the call type that was presented. At six months, infants showed adult-like responses by responding strongly to alarm barks but ignoring contact barks. We concluded that infants gradually learn to attach the appropriate meaning to alarm and contact barks. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. fischerj@eva.mpg.de | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0962-8452 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:11413649 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 694 | ||
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Author | Call, J.; Brauer, J.; Kaminski, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
Title | Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are sensitive to the attentional state of humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
Volume | 117 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 257-263 |
Keywords | Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; *Attention; *Bonding, Human-Pet; *Concept Formation; Cues; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Humans; *Inhibition (Psychology); Male; Nonverbal Communication | ||||
Abstract | Twelve domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) were given a series of trials in which they were forbidden to take a piece of visible food. In some trials, the human continued to look at the dog throughout the trial (control condition), whereas in others, the human (a) left the room, (b) turned her back, (c) engaged in a distracting activity, or (d) closed her eyes. Dogs behaved in clearly different ways in most of the conditions in which the human did not watch them compared with the control condition, in which she did. In particular, when the human looked at them, dogs retrieved less food, approached it in a more indirect way, and sat (as opposed to laid down) more often than in the other conditions. Results are discussed in terms of domestic dogs' social-cognitive skills and their unique evolutionary and ontogenetic histories. | ||||
Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. call@eva.mpg.de | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Washington, D.C. : 1983 | Editor | ||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:14498801 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 713 | ||
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