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	Author	Hinde, R.A.
	Title	A conceptural framework			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1983	Publication	Primate Social Relationships	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-7
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Sinauer, Sunderland	Place of Publication	Massechusetts	Editor	Hinde, R.A
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	818
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	Author	Moss, C.J.; Poole, J.H.
	Title	Relationships and social structure in African elephants.			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1983	Publication	Primate social relationships: an integrated approach.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Blackwell Science Ltd	Place of Publication		Editor	Hinde, R.A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0632009992	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4426
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	Author	Waring, G.H. (ed)
	Title	Horse Behavior: The Behavioral Traits and Adaptations of Domestic and Wild Horses, Including Ponies			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1983	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	ReviewsSynopsisThe second edition of this informative book remains the most comprehensive and current overview of the behavioral traits and adaptations of horses. The book integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers to provide the reader with a factual synthesis of the behaviour of domestic and feral horses. Building on the strengths of the first edition, the author has thoroughly updated coverage of horse ancestry, development, perception, learning, play, social behavioral manipulation, maintenance activities, and sexual behaviour. Throughout these and other chapters, more emphasis has been given to animal husbandry and management. Additionally, the second edition includes an all-new section on ecological influences on activity patterns, habitat utilization, social behaviour and reproduction. An expanded section on applied ethnology provides behavioral considerations or management and insight regarding the behavioral indicators of horse health and well being. This is followed with an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. The text contains numerous tables and nearly 100 illustrations and photos. Interesting Facts: Rich with international data, incorporated into text, tables, and figures Two new chapters on ecological influences dealing with interactions between environment feeding, ranging, shelter seeking, reproductive and social behavior, among other topics New chapter on behavioral considerations in horse management, plus updated material on health and well being, surveys atypical symptoms ranging from posture to social behaviour Update appendix provides an extensive listing of behavioral symptoms, with identifications of possible associated problems.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Noyes Publications	Place of Publication	Park Ridge	Editor	Waring, G.H.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0815514848	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	exported from refbase (http://uni-regensburg.equine-behaviour.de/refdbshow.php?record=4233), last updated on Tue, 11 Sep 2007 11:17:20 +0200			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Waring2002			Serial	4234
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	Author	Markworth, P.
	Title	Sportmedizin: Physiologische Grundlagen			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1983	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rowohlt	Place of Publication	Reinbek	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9783499170492	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4445
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	Author	Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R.
	Title	Optimal stimulation: a model of disordered activity and performance in normal and deviant children			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication	Psychological bulletin	Abbreviated Journal	Psychol Bull
	Volume	94	Issue	3	Pages	446-471
	Keywords	Arousal; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology; Autistic Disorder/*psychology; Behavior Therapy; Child; Humans
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0033-2909	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6657825			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	264
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	Author	Hogan, D.E.; Zentall, T.R.; Pace, G.
	Title	Control of pigeons' matching-to-sample performance by differential sample response requirements			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication	The American journal of psychology	Abbreviated Journal	Am J Psychol
	Volume	96	Issue	1	Pages	37-49
	Keywords	Animals; Association; Color Perception; Columbidae; Cues; Discrimination Learning; Reinforcement Schedule; Time Factors
	Abstract	Pigeons were trained on a matching-to-sample task in which sample hue and required sample-specific observing behavior provided redundant, relevant cues for correct choices. On trials that involved red and yellow hues as comparison stimuli, a fixed-ratio 16 schedule (FR 16) was required to illuminate the comparisons when the sample was red, and a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates 3-sec schedule (DRL 3-sec) was required when the sample was yellow. On trials involving blue and green hues as comparison stimuli, an FR 16 schedule was required when the sample was blue and a DRL 3-sec schedule was required when the sample was green. For some pigeons, a 0-sec delay intervened between sample offset and comparison onset, whereas other pigeons experienced a random mixture of 0-sec and 2-sec delay trials. Test trial performance at 0-sec delay indicated that sample-specific behavior controlled choice performance considerably more than sample hue did. Test performance was independent of whether original training involved all 0-sec delay trials or a mixture of 0-sec and 2-sec delays. Sample-specific observing response requirements appear to facilitate pigeons' matching-to-sample performance by strengthening associations between the observing response and correct choice.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-9556	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6859346			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	265
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	Author	Nallan, G.B.; Pace, G.M.; McCoy, D.F.; Zentall, T.R.
	Title	The role of elicited responding in the feature-positive effect			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication	The American journal of psychology	Abbreviated Journal	Am J Psychol
	Volume	96	Issue	3	Pages	377-390
	Keywords	Animals; Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination (Psychology); Male; Practice (Psychology); Reinforcement (Psychology); Time Factors
	Abstract	Hearst and Jenkins proposed in 1974 that elicited responding accounts for the feature-positive effect. To test this position, pigeons were exposed to a feature-positive or feature-negative discrimination between successively presented displays--one consisted of a red and a green response key and the other consisted of two green response keys. There were four main conditions: 5-5 (5-sec trials, 5-sec intertrial intervals), 5-30, 30-30, and 30-180. Conditions 5-30 and 30-180 should produce the largest amount of elicited responding, and therefore the largest feature-positive effects. A response-independent bird was yoked to each response-dependent bird to allow direct assessment of the amount of elicited responding generated by each condition. Contrary to the predictions by Hearst and Jenkins's theory, response-dependent birds showed large feature-positive effects in each condition. The largest feature-positive effect was obtained in condition 5-5. Response-independent birds produced similar results, but manifested low response rates.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-9556	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6650707			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	266
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	Author	Baer, K.L.; Potter, G.D.; Friend, T.H.; Beaver, B.V.
	Title	Observation effects on learning in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication	Applied Animal Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Animal. Ethol.
	Volume	11	Issue	2	Pages	123-129
	Keywords
	Abstract	Sixteen horses, divided into 2 groups of 8, were used to study observational learning in horses. One group served as controls while the other group served as the treated group (observers). Observers were allowed to watch a correctly performed discrimination task for 5 days prior to testing their learning response using the same task. Discrimination testing was conducted on all horses daily for 14 days, with criterion set at 7 out of 8 responses correct with the last 5 consecutively correct. The maximum number of trials performed without reaching criterion was limited to 20 per day. Mean trials to criteria (MT) by group were: control, 11.25; observer, 10.70. Mean error (ME) scores were: control, 2.37; observer, 2.02. Average initial discrimination error scores were 11.13 for control and 10.38 for observers (P < 0.10). Asymptote was reached by Day 8 for both control and observer groups. Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed an extreme-day effect indicative of learning (P < 0.01), with non-significant differences in learning rate between experimental groups. Whether the initial ability of the horses to perform a discrimination learning task was enhanced by observation of other horses' performance of that task was not obvious from these data.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	726
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	Author	Boyd, R.; Silk, J.B.
	Title	A method for assigning cardinal dominance ranks			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	31	Issue	1	Pages	45-58
	Keywords
	Abstract	Dominance hierarchies are widely described in nature. Commonly, an individual's ordinal rank is used as a measure of its position in the hierarchy, and, therefore its priority of access to resources. This use of ordinal ranks has several related drawbacks: (1) it is difficult to assess the magnitude or the significance of the difference in degree of dominance between two individuals; (2) it is difficult to evaluate the significance of differences between dominance matrices based on different behaviours or on the same behaviour at different times, and (3) it is difficult to use parametric statistical techniques to relate dominance rank to other quantities of interest. In this paper we describe a method for assigning cardinal dominance indices that does not suffer from these drawbacks. This technique is based on the Bradley-Terry model from the method of paired comparisons. We show how this model can be reinterpreted in terms of dominance interactions. and we describe a simple iterative technique for computing cardinal ranks. We then describe how to evaluate (1) whether the rank differences between individuals are significant, and (2) whether differences in the cardinal hierarchies based on different behaviours or the same behaviour at different times are significant. We then show how to generalize the method to deal with behaviours that sometimes have ambiguous outcomes, or behaviours for which the rank difference between a pair of individuals affects the rate of interaction between them.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	859
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	Author	Berger J,
	Title	Ecology and catastrophic mortality in wild horses: Implantations for interpreting fossil assemblages			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Science 220
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1403-1404
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	937
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