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Author | Wood Gush, D.G.M. | ||||
Title | The Behaviour of the Domestic Fowl | Type ![]() |
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Year | 1971 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4872 | ||
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Author | Mills, G. | ||||
Title | Kalahari Hyenas | Type ![]() |
Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4884 | ||
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Author | Sharp, T.; Saunders, G. | ||||
Title | mustering of feral horses | Type ![]() |
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Year | Publication | Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | Background Feral horses (Equus caballus) can cause significant environmental damage and losses to rural industries. Although considered pests, feral horses are also a resource, providing products such as pet meat for the domestic market and meat for human consumption for the export market. Control methods include trapping, mustering exclusion fencing, ground shooting and shooting from helicopters. Feral horses are mustered by helicopter, motorbike or on horseback, sometimes with the assistance of coacher horses. Once mustered into yards, net traps or fenced paddocks, the horses are usually sold to abattoirs for slaughter which can offset the costs of capture and handling. Less commonly, they are sold as riding horses or relocated to reserves or horse sanctuaries. Where there is no market for them or where removal may be too costly or impractical e.g. in conservation areas or remote areas without access to transportation, horses are sometimes destroyed by shooting in the yards. This standard operating procedure (SOP) is a guide only; it does not replace or override the legislation that applies in the relevant State or Territory jurisdiction. The SOP should only be used subject to the applicable legal requirements (including OH&S) operating in the relevant jurisdiction. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 517 | ||
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Author | Eckardt, G.; Windhofer, A. | ||||
Title | Untersuchung der Beanspruchung von Pferden während Isolation und beim Verladen | Type ![]() |
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Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Master's thesis | |||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5190 | ||
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Author | Hoffmann; G. | ||||
Title | Bewegungsaktivität und Stressbelastung bei Pferden in Auslaufhaltungssystemen mit verschiedenen Bewegungsangeboten | Type ![]() |
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Year | 2008 | Publication | Dissertation | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Abstract | Pferdehaltungssysteme mit angrenzenden Ausläufen gelten als eine sehr tiergerechte Haltungsform, da sie den Tieren eine gewisse Bewegungsmöglichkeit bieten. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, zu erfassen, ob der angrenzende Auslauf selbst einen ausreichenden Anreiz zur Bewegung darstellt und wie sich verschiedene Bewegungs- und Platzangebote auf die Bewegungsaktivität von Pferden in einer Gruppen-Auslaufhaltung auswirken. Zudem wurde ermittelt, welche Auswirkung die Bewegungsform bzw. –intensität auf das Wohlbefinden der Tiere hat. Der Großteil der in Deutschland gehaltenen Pferde verbringt die meiste Zeit des Tages im Stall, obwohl mittlerweile bekannt ist, dass Pferde unter natürlichen Haltungsbedingungen 12 bis 16 Stunden des Tages in Bewegung verbringen. Der Optimierung der Stallhaltungssysteme gilt daher ein besonderes Interesse. Zu diesem Zweck wurden von September 2004 bis Oktober 2005 Versuche mit 24 Warmblutstuten im Alter von 1½ bis 3½ Jahren in Einzel- und Gruppen- Auslaufhaltungssystemen durchgeführt. Jeweils sechs Pferde bildeten eine Versuchsgruppe. In jeder Gruppe fanden fünf Varianten von einer ca. dreiwöchigen Dauer statt. Die Gruppenhaltung wurde dabei durch drei unterschiedliche Zusatzbewegungsangebote (2 Std. Weide / Tag, 2 Std. unbegrünte Koppel / Tag, 1 Std. Freilauf- Führanlage / Tag) ergänzt. In der Einzel-Auslaufhaltung (Box mit 45 m²-großem angrenzenden Auslauf) und in einer Versuchsvariante der Gruppenhaltung bekamen die Pferde hingegen keine zusätzliche Bewegung außerhalb des Stallhaltungssystems angeboten. Das Gruppenhaltungssystem selbst war durch die räumliche Trennung der Funktionsbereiche (Liegen, Fressen, Trinken, Bewegen) gekennzeichnet und der angrenzende Auslauf war 270 m² groß. In einer zusätzlichen Versuchsphase fand in der Gruppenhaltung eine Erweiterung des permanent zugänglichen Auslaufs auf insg. 540 m² statt. Die Bewegungsaktivität wurde mit Pedometern erfasst, die an jeweils einem Hinterbein der Pferde befestigt wurden und ergänzend fand eine Analyse von Videoaufzeichnungen statt. Zur Beurteilung der Stressbelastung fanden Messungen der Herz192 Zusammenfassung frequenzvariabilität (Parameter HF und SD2) und der fäkalen Cortisolmetabolitenkonzentration statt. Die Auswertung des Bewegungsverhaltens ergab, dass eine zusätzliche zweistündige freie Bewegung der Pferdegruppe auf einer Weide zu einer deutlichen Steigerung der durchschnittlichen Bewegungsaktivität (149,6 Min. / Tag) führt, ebenso wie eine einstündige Bewegung in einer Führanlage (173,0 Min. / Tag). Eine unbegrünte Koppel regte die Pferde der Gruppenhaltung hingegen nicht zu vermehrter Bewegung an (131,6 Min. / Tag), sondern bewirkte z. T. sogar eine Abnahme der Bewegungsaktivität. In der Gruppen-Auslaufhaltung ohne zusätzliches Bewegungsangebot war die Bewegungsaktivität ebenfalls gering (125,8 Min / Tag) und während der Einzel-Auslaufhaltung ohne Zusatzbewegung zeigten die Pferde die geringste Bewegungsaktivität (102,3 Min. / Tag). Bei der alleinigen Analyse der Bewegungszeit im Stallhaltungssystem war kein signifikanter Einfluss der zusätzlichen Bewegung außerhalb des Stallsystems auf die übrige Fortbewegung feststellbar. Auch eine Vergrößerung des an den Stall angrenzenden Auslaufs im Gruppenhaltungssystem hatte keinen steigernden Einfluss auf das Bewegungsverhalten der Pferde. Die Stressbelastung der Pferde war in den Varianten der Gruppenhaltung mit zweistündigem Weidegang (SD2: 82,9 ms; Cortisolmetaboliten: 29,0 nmol / kg Kot) sowie der einstündigen Bewegung in einer Freilauf-Führanlage (SD2: 99,2 ms; Cortisolmetaboliten: 27,7 nmol / kg Kot) am geringsten. Die Untersuchungen zeigten eine Stresszunahme in der Gruppenhaltung mit zweistündigem Auslauf auf einer unbegrünten Koppel ohne Futterangebot (SD2: 101,3 ms; Cortisolmetaboliten: 39,6 nmol / kg Kot) sowie in der Variante der Gruppenhaltung ohne zusätzliches Bewegungsangebot (SD2: 113,3 ms; Cortisolmetaboliten: 38,4 nmol / kg Kot). Dem Mittelwert der Gruppe nach zu folgern hatten die Pferde während der Einzelhaltung ohne Zusatzbewegung eine sehr große Stressbelastung (SD2: 123,8 ms; Cortisolmetaboliten: 37,5 nmol / kg Kot). Ein Vergleich der Gruppen- und Einzelhaltung hinsichtlich der Herzfrequenzvariabilität hat jedoch gezeigt, dass insg. 70 % der Pferde während der Haltung in einer Gruppe weniger Stress empfinden. Es gab aber auch Zusammenfassung 193 Pferde (30 %), die in der Einzelhaltung eine abnehmende Stressbelastung zeigten, wobei hier der Einfluss der Rangordnung eine entscheidende Rolle zu spielen scheint. Durch die Auswertung mehrerer Messparameter (sowohl für Stress- als auch für Bewegungsverhalten) werden gleichgerichtete Tendenzen bei den Versuchsvarianten deutlich, allerdings ist eine eindeutige Gewichtung der Parameter nicht möglich. Somit ist die methodische Vorgehensweise dieser Untersuchung sehr positiv und als notwendig anzusehen, da die Messdaten auch immer gewissen Schwankungen durch externe Einflüsse unterliegen. Allgemein ist festzuhalten, dass Auslaufhaltungssysteme zwar eine gewisse Anregung zur Bewegung bieten, aber mit maximal vier Stunden (insg. 62 – 248 Min.) Bewegung pro Tag war der tägliche Anteil an Bewegung sehr viel geringer als beispielsweise bei Pferden in freier Wildbahn oder ganzjähriger Weidehaltung. Somit deckt ein Auslaufhaltungssystem trotz getrennter Funktionsbereiche und eines großen Auslaufs nicht den Bewegungsbedarf der Pferde, wenn keine zusätzlichen Bewegungsanreize und –möglichkeiten angeboten werden. Eine zusätzliche Bewegung von Pferden ist nicht nur zur Gesunderhaltung des Bewegungsapparates und der Körperfunktionen notwendig, sondern auch um das Wohlbefinden und die Ausgeglichenheit der Pferde zu steigern. [Horse husbandry systems with close-by discharge are considered to be a very livestock- friendly housing form, as they offer a certain movement opportunity for the animals. The aim of the present study was to examine how different movement and space offerings affect the movement activities of horses in a group horse husbandry with close-by discharge, and whether the discharge provides itself an adequate incentive for movement. The impact that the form or rather intensity of movement has on the wellbeing of the animals was also established. Most of the horses held in Germany spend most of the day in the stable, although it is meanwhile known that horses under natural housing conditions are 12 to 16 hours of the day in motion. Therefore the improvement of stable housing systems applies a special interest. For this purpose, 24 warmblood mares, aged from 1½ to 3½ years, were studied in single and group discharge husbandry systems from September 2004 until October 2005. Six horses formed an experimental group. In every group five variants of approximately three weeks were proceeded. Thereby the group husbandry was supplemented with three different additional movement opportunities (2 h pasture / day, 2 h non-grassy pasture land / day, 1 h free range horse walker / day). In the single discharge husbandry (single box with 45 sq. m-large close-by discharge) and in one experimental variant of the group husbandry got the horses, however, offered no additional movement outside the husbandry system. The group husbandry system itself was marked by the spatial division of the functional areas (lying, eating, drinking, moving) and the close-by discharge measured 270 sq. m. In an additional phase of the study, and expansion of the permanently accessible close-by discharge to 540 sq. m was found. The movement activity was documented with pedometers attached respectively to one hind leg of the horse and a supplementary analysis of video documentation. To evaluate the stress exposure measurements of heart frequency variability (parameters HF and SD2) and of the faecal cortisol metabolite concentration were performed. Summary 195 The interpretation of the movement behaviour showed that additional two hours of free movement on a pasture led to a significant increase in the average movement activity (149.6 min / day), as well as one hour movement in a horsewalker did (173.0 min / day). The non-grassy pasture land, however, didn’t inspire the horses of the group husbandry to increased movement (131.6 min / day), but sometimes even caused a decrease in movement activity. In the group discharge husbandry without additional movement opportunities the movement activity was also low (125.8 min / day), and during the single discharge husbandry without additional movement the horses showed the least movement activity (102.3 min / day). In analysing only the movement time in the stable system was no significant impact of the additional movement outside the housing system to the rest of locomotion ascertainable. As well an expansion of the close-by stable discharge in the group husbandry system had no increasing influence on the movement behaviour of the horses. The stress exposure of the horses was least in the variations of group husbandry with two hours on a pasture (SD2: 82.9 ms; cortisol metabolites: 29.0 nmol / kg faeces) as well as one hour of movement in a free range horse walker (SD2: 99.2 ms; cortisol metabolites: 27.7 nmol / kg faeces). The studies showed a rise in stress in group husbandry with two hours of movement on a non-grassy pasture land without feeding opportunity (SD2: 101.3 ms; cortisol metabolites: 39.6 nmol / kg faeces) as well as in the variation of the group husbandry without additional movement offerings (SD2: 113.3 ms; cortisol metabolites: 38.4 nmol / kg faeces). Judging from the mean of the group the horses had a very high stress exposure in the variation of the single husbandry without additional movement offerings (SD2: 123.8 ms; cortisol metabolites: 37.5 nmol / kg faeces). But a comparison of the group and single husbandry in terms of the heart frequency variability showed that alltogether 70 % of the horses experienced less stress if hold in a group. However, some horses (30 %) showed reducing stress in the single husbandry, whereas here the influence of social hierarchy seems to play a decisive role. 196 Summary In consequence of the examination of several measuring parameters (both for stressand for movement behaviour) parallel aligned tendencies become apparent in the experimental variants, however, is a unique weighting of the parameters not possible. Thus, the methodological approach of this study is to be regarde as very positive and necessary, since the data always vary with some fluctuations by external influences. In general it can be established that discharge husbandry systems offer some incentive for the horse to move, but with a maximum of four hours (overall 62 – 248 min) of movement per day, the daily proportion of movement was much less than, for example, in the case of wild horses or year-round pasture keeping. Thus, if no additional movement incentives and possibilities are offered, the discharge husbandry system doesn’t cover the movement needs of the horse despite separate functional areas and a large outside discharge. Additional movement is not only necessary to keep the musculoskeletal system and bodily functions of the horse healthy, but also to ensure the horse’s well being and mental balance.] |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5660 | ||
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Author | Reinhardt, I.; Kluth, G.; Balzer, S.; Steyer, K. | ||||
Title | Wolfsverursachte Schäden, Präventions- und Ausgleichszahlungen in Deutschland 2021 | Type ![]() |
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Year | 2022 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 41 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Publisher | DBBW-Dokumentations- und Beratungsstelle des Bundes zum Thema Wolf | Place of Publication | Görlitz, Deutschland | Editor | Markus Ritz |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6684 | ||
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Author | Schmoldt, A.; Benthe, H.F.; Haberland, G. | ||||
Title | Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes | Type ![]() |
Journal Article | ||
Year | 1975 | Publication | Biochemical pharmacology | Abbreviated Journal | Biochem Pharmacol |
Volume | 24 | Issue | 17 | Pages | 1639-1641 |
Keywords | Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Digitoxigenin/metabolism; Digitoxin/*metabolism; Hydroxylation; Male; Microsomes, Liver/*metabolism; NADP/metabolism; Rats; Time Factors | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0006-2952 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:10 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 20 | ||
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Author | Dixon, G.; Green, L.E.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
Title | Effect of diet change on the behavior of chicks of an egg-laying strain | Type ![]() |
Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS | Abbreviated Journal | J Appl Anim Welf Sci |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 41-58 |
Keywords | *Animal Feed; *Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Chickens/*physiology; Crowding; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Female; Food Preferences/physiology; Oviposition; Random Allocation; Taste | ||||
Abstract | Injurious pecking has serious welfare consequences in flocks of hens kept for egg laying, especially when loose-housed. Frequent diet change is a significant risk for injurious pecking; how the mechanics of diet change influence pecking behavior is unknown. This study investigated the effect of diet change on the behavior of chicks from a laying strain. The study included a 3-week familiarity phase: 18 chick pairs received unflavored feed (Experiment 1); 18 pairs received orange oil-flavored (Experiment 2). All chicks participated in a dietary preference test (P); a diet change (DC); or a control group (C), 6 scenarios. All P chicks preferred unflavored feed. In Experiment 1, DC involved change from unflavored to orange-flavored; Experiment 2, orange- flavored to unflavored. Compared with controls, Experiment 2 DC chicks exhibited few behavioral differences; Experiment 1 DC chicks exhibited increased behavioral event rates on Days 1 and 7. They pecked significantly longer at their environment; by Day 7, they showed significantly more beak activity. There was little evidence of dietary neophobia. Change from more preferred to less preferred feed led to increased activity and redirected pecking behavior. | ||||
Address | School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, England | ||||
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ISSN | 1088-8705 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:16649950 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 64 | ||
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Author | Crosby, M.B.; Zhang, J.; Nowling, T.M.; Svenson, J.L.; Nicol, C.J.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Gilkeson, G.S. | ||||
Title | Inflammatory modulation of PPAR gamma expression and activity | Type ![]() |
Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Clinical immunology | Abbreviated Journal | Clin Immunol |
Volume | 118 | Issue | 2-3 | Pages | 276-283 |
Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Cell Line, Transformed; Cells, Cultured; Female; Inflammation Mediators/*physiology; Kidney/metabolism; Mesangial Cells/metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; Mice, Knockout; Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis/genetics; PPAR gamma/*biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism; Up-Regulation/immunology | ||||
Abstract | Nitric oxide (NO) production increases with age in the lupus-prone MRL/lpr mouse, paralleling disease activity. One mechanism for excess NO production in MRL/lpr mice may be a defect in down-regulatory mechanisms of the iNOS pathway. A potential modulator of NO is the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). We demonstrate that renal PPARgamma protein expression was altered as disease progressed in MRL/lpr mice, which paralleled increased iNOS protein expression. Additionally, MRL/lpr-derived primary mesangial cells expressed less PPARgamma than BALB/c mesangial cells and produced more NO in response to LPS and IFNgamma. Furthermore, PPARgamma activity was reduced in mesangial cells following exposure to inflammatory mediators. This activity was restored with the addition of a NOS enzyme inhibitor. These results indicate that the activation of inflammatory pathways may lead to reduced activity and expression of PPARgamma, further exacerbating the disease state. | ||||
Address | Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA | ||||
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ISSN | 1521-6616 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:16303334 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 67 | ||
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Author | Wells, P.G.; Bhuller, Y.; Chen, C.S.; Jeng, W.; Kasapinovic, S.; Kennedy, J.C.; Kim, P.M.; Laposa, R.R.; McCallum, G.P.; Nicol, C.J.; Parman, T.; Wiley, M.J.; Wong, A.W. | ||||
Title | Molecular and biochemical mechanisms in teratogenesis involving reactive oxygen species | Type ![]() |
Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Toxicology and applied pharmacology | Abbreviated Journal | Toxicol Appl Pharmacol |
Volume | 207 | Issue | 2 Suppl | Pages | 354-366 |
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Abstract | Developmental pathologies may result from endogenous or xenobiotic-enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which oxidatively damage cellular macromolecules and/or alter signal transduction. This minireview focuses upon several model drugs (phenytoin, thalidomide, methamphetamine), environmental chemicals (benzo[a]pyrene) and gamma irradiation to examine this hypothesis in vivo and in embryo culture using mouse, rat and rabbit models. Embryonic prostaglandin H synthases (PHSs) and lipoxygenases bioactivate xenobiotics to free radical intermediates that initiate ROS formation, resulting in oxidation of proteins, lipids and DNA. Oxidative DNA damage and embryopathies are reduced in PHS knockout mice, and in mice treated with PHS inhibitors, antioxidative enzymes, antioxidants and free radical trapping agents. Thalidomide causes embryonic DNA oxidation in susceptible (rabbit) but not resistant (mouse) species. Embryopathies are increased in mutant mice deficient in the antioxidative enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), or by glutathione (GSH) depletion, or inhibition of GSH peroxidase or GSH reductase. Inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice are partially protected. Inhibition of Ras or NF-kB pathways reduces embryopathies, implicating ROS-mediated signal transduction. Atm and p53 knockout mice deficient in DNA damage response/repair are more susceptible to xenobiotic or radiation embryopathies, suggesting a teratological role for DNA damage, consistent with enhanced susceptibility to methamphetamine in ogg1 knockout mice with deficient repair of oxidative DNA damage. Even endogenous embryonic oxidative stress carries a risk, since untreated G6PD- or ATM-deficient mice have increased embryopathies. Thus, embryonic processes regulating the balance of ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage and repair, and ROS-mediated signal transduction may be important determinants of teratological risk. | ||||
Address | Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada | ||||
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ISSN | 0041-008X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:16081118 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 68 | ||
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