| Records |
| Author |
Barette, C.; Vandal, D. |
Title  |
Social rank, dominance, antler size, and access to food in snow-bound wild woodland caribou |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
97 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
118-146 |
| Keywords |
Canada; Quebec; Artiodactyla; Social dominance; Feeding behavior; Morphology; Antler; Rangifer tarandus; North America; America; Ungulata; Mammalia; Vertebrata |
| Abstract |
We spent two winters studying the social behaviour of wild woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) at a time when their main food (ground lichens; Cladina sp.) is available only at snow craters dug by the animals. The competition for access to such craters was severe, the animals constantly trying to take over the craters of others. During a two-month period when a group maintained a constant size (20) and composition (all age-sex classes represented), we could rank the animals in a rather linear dominance hierarchy (Landau's index = 0.87). Rank was correlated with access to resources, percent of time spent active, and percent of time feeding in craters. It was also correlated with age and antler size. However, rank is not an attribute of individuals, but of a relationship between individuals. As such it is only an intervening variable between physical attributes and access to resources, a variable whose value has meaning only within a given group. Among the three attributes studied (age, sex, antler size), the latter was by far the best predictor of the occurrence and outcome of interactions. Between two individuals within any of the three age-sex classes studied (adult and yearling males and adult females), the one with larger antlers initiated significantly more often, escalated its aggression (to the point of hitting the target) less often, and enjoyed a higher success rate in obtaining resources. When their antlers were larger than those of an adult male target (i.e. males that had shed their antlers), adult females won almost all their interactions with adult males even though they escalated only one fourth of them. This clarifies the long-standing speculation that female caribou have antlers and shed them later than males, in order to overcome their sexual handicap in competition for food in the winter. We conclude that the link between rank and dominance of an individual on one hand, and some of its attributes on the other (e.g. sex, age, weight, antler size) is fundamentally realized by the animal itself through its active preference for targets it is likely to beat, i.e. targets with smaller antlers. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4269 |
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| Author |
Urcuioli, P.J.; Zentall, T.R. |
| Title |
Retrospective coding in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
69-77 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; *Form Perception; *Memory; *Mental Recall; Orientation; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; Retention (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
In this study we examined how coding processes in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample were affected by the stimuli to be remembered. In Experiment 1, two groups of pigeons initially learned 0-delay matching-to-sample with identical comparison stimuli (vertical and horizontal lines) but with different sample stimuli (red and green hues or vertical and horizontal lines). Longer delays were then introduced between sample offset and comparison onset to assess whether pigeons were prospectively coding the same events (viz., the correct line comparisons) or retrospectively coding different events (viz., their respective sample stimuli). The hue-sample group matched more accurately and showed a slower rate of forgetting than the line-sample group. In Experiment 2, pigeons were trained with either hues or lines as both sample and comparison stimuli, or with hue samples and line comparisons or vice versa. Subsequent delay tests revealed that the hue-sample groups remembered more accurately and generally showed slower rates of forgetting than the line-sample groups. Comparison dimension had little or no effect on performance. Together, these data suggest that pigeons retrospectively code the samples in delayed matching-to-sample. |
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0097-7403 |
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PMID:3701260 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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263 |
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| Author |
McDonnell S, |
| Title |
Reproductive behavior of the stallion Vet Clin North Am |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Practice |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
535-555 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1377 |
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| Author |
Heird, J.C.; Lokey, C.E.; Cogan, D.C. |
| Title |
Repeatability and comparison of two maze tests to measure learning ability in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
103-119 |
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Sixteen Quarter Horses were randomly divided into two groups after sorting by age and sex. After a 10-day preconditioning period, each animal was scored for emotionality and trainability. Each group then completed a series of learning tasks in a modified T-maze for 20 consecutive days. Group P/D was initially tested on a simple place-learning task, while Group D/P was trained in a visual discrimination task. The groups were tested alternately on the two tasks with 10-day extinction periods between each task. Upon reaching a criterion of 11 of 12 correct responses (the last 8 responses consecutive), a horse was retired for the day. If this criterion was not attained, the horse completed 20 trials. Learning occurred at a faster rate on the discrimination tasks compared to the gradual learning curves observed on place tasks. Animals learned more rapidly and reached higher levels of performance as the series of tasks progressed. Trainability and emotionality scores tended to predict the final level of learning achieved. Correlations of performance ranks within emotionality and training groups were higher between tasks of the same type than between the different tasks. Rank correlations between odd and even days on each task indicated that the within-group rankings were more consistent on the discrimination task than on the place task. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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838 |
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| Author |
Schusdziarra, H., Schusdziarra, V. |
| Title |
Reitergespräche – Der Weg zum unabhängigen Sitz |
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Book Whole |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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56 |
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3-489-63532-9 |
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no |
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Reiten Lesen Denken @ eberhardhuebener @ |
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1011 |
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| Author |
Vogt H, |
| Title |
Quagga eine Subspecies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwiss Rdsch |
| Volume |
39 |
Issue |
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Pages |
H |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1681 |
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Voith, V.L. |
| Title |
Principles of learning |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
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2 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
485-506 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 9; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4547 |
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| Author |
Lima, S.L. |
| Title |
Predation Risk and Unpredictable Feeding Conditions: Determinants of Body Mass in Birds |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
| Volume |
67 |
Issue |
2 |
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377-385 |
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doi: 10.2307/1938580 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5141 |
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| Author |
Smith Ma, |
| Title |
Potential competitive interactions between feral horses and other grazing animals |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Equine Vet. Sc. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
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Pages |
238-239 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1610 |
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| Author |
Wolfe Ml, |
| Title |
Population dynamics of feral horses in western North America |
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Journal Article |
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1986 |
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J Equine Vet Sc |
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6 |
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231-235 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1717 |
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