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Author Kacelnik, A.
Title (down) R.C. Bolies and M.D. Beecher, Editors, Evolution and Learning, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey (1988), p. x Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 602-603
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2119
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Author Petherick, J.C.; Rutter, S.M.
Title (down) Quantifying motivation using a computer-controlled push-door Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 159-167
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Abstract A computer-controlled push-door system was designed and tested as a method for measuring motivation. Eleven domestic hens were trained to use the push-door to gain access to food. They were deprived of food for 12 h or 43 h on 12 occasions and the push-door was used to measure the amount of “work” (measured as force × time) that they performed to gain access to a food reward. When deprived of food for 12 h the hens took significantly longer (P<0.01) to reach the required threshold of work, than when deprived for 43 h. This difference arose from the amount of time that the hens spent not pushing at the door. The problems encountered with this system and such an approach to measuring motivation are discussed.
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6165
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Author Wittling, W.
Title (down) Psychophysiological correlates of human brain asymmetry: Blood pressure changes during lateralized presentation of an emotionally laden film Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Neuropsychologia Abbreviated Journal
Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 457-470
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Abstract Fifty adult subjects were shown an emotionally positive film either in their left or right hemisphere by means of a technique for lateralizing visual input that allows prolonged viewing while permitting free ocular scanning. It was found that the cerebral hemispheres markedly differ in their capability to regulate blood pressure during emotionally laden situations of a distinctly positive nature. Right-hemispheric film presentation caused a significantly higher increase in systolic and diastolic pressure that left-hemispheric viewing of the same film. Moreover, hemisphere asymmetries were further increased if lateralized stimulus presentation and the lateralized carrying out of a stimulus-related response were combined within the same hemisphere, thereby enhancing unilateral processing. Finally, males and females clearly differed with respect to interhemispheric regulation of blood pressure.
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ISSN 0028-3932 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5352
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Author Smith, S.F.; Appleby, M.C.; Hughes, B.O.
Title (down) Problem solving by domestic hens: opening doors to reach nest sites Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 287-292
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Abstract In a trial of cage designs for laying hens, eggs were discovered in dust baths where access was restricted by a closed door during the normal laying period (08:00-13:00 h). Observations showed that the hens in these dust bath treatments had developed methods of opening the doors in order to lay in the baths. Three different methods of opening were observed. An average time of 34.4 min was spent attempting to open the doors before access was finally achieved. This implies a strong nesting motivation in these hens. The proportion of eggs laid in the dust baths increased (with occasional fluctuations) over a 24-week period. Door opening is likely to have initially developed in one individual in each cage through a trial and error basis, and then have been learned by cage mates through imitation. The speed and efficiency of door opening was not found to increase with experience or time.
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6164
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Author Reboreda, J.C.; Kacelnik, A.
Title (down) On cooperation, tit-for-tat and mirros Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 40 Issue 6 Pages 1188-1189
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2117
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Author Wittling, W.; Pflüger, M.
Title (down) Neuroendocrine hemisphere asymmetries: Salivary cortisol secretion during lateralized viewing of emotion-related and neutral films Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Brain and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Brain Cogn.
Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 243-265
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Abstract The study set out to examine whether the cerebral hemispheres differ in their ability to regulate cortisol secretion during emotion-related situations. One hundred twenty-three adult subjects were shown either an emotionally aversive or a neutral film in the left or right hemisphere by means of a technique for lateralizing visual input that allows prolonged viewing while permitting free ocular scanning. The film-related changes of cortisol secretion were determined by salivary cortisol radioimmunoassay. Right hemispheric viewing of the emotionally aversive film resulted in a significantly higher increase of cortisol secretion than left hemispheric viewing of the same film. No such differences were observed with respect to the neutral film. Comparing the effects of the two films separately for each hemisphere revealed that only the right hemisphere was able to respond neuroendocrinologically in a different manner to the emotional and the neutral film. Therefore, it is concluded that cortical regulation of cortisol secretion in emotion-related situations is under primary control of the right hemisphere. The potential implications of asymmetric control of cortisol secretion with respect to the pathogenesis of psychosomatic and immunological disorders are discussed.
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ISSN 0278-2626 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5350
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Author Sawaguchi, T.; Kudo, H.
Title (down) Neocortical development and social structure in primates Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 283-289
Keywords Neocortex – Relative size – Allometry – Congeneric group – Social structure – Monogyny – Polygyny – Primates
Abstract Abstract  The relationships between the relative size of the neocortex and differences in social structures were examined in prosimians and anthropoids. The relative size of the neocortex (RSN) of a given congeneric group in each superfamily of primates was measured based on the allometric relationships between neocortical volume and brain weight for each superfamily, to control phylogenetic affinity and the effects of brain size. In prosimians, “troop-making†congeneric groups (N=3) revealed a significantly larger RSN than solitary groups (N=6), and there was a significant, positive correlation between RSN and troop size. In the case of anthropoids, polygynous/frugivorous groups (N=5) revealed a significantly larger RSN than monogynous/frugivorous groups (N=8). Furthermore, a significant, positive correlation between RSN and troop size was found for frugivorous congeneric groups of the Ceboidea. These results suggest that neocortical development is associated with differences in social structure among primates.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4799
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Author Becker, C. D.; Ginsberg, J. R.
Title (down) Mother-infant behaviour of wild Grevy's zebra: adaptations for survival in semidesert East Africa Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 40 Issue 6 Pages 1111-1118
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Abstract Mother-infant interactions and patterns of foal behaviour in the Grevy's zebra, Equus grevyi, differe from those reported for other equids. Grevy's zebra foals exhibit longer intervals between suckling bouts, do not drink water until they are 3 months old, and reach independence from the mare sooner than other equids. Furthermore, Grevy's zebra foals advance their acquisition of adult feeding behaviour. A 6-week-old Grevy's zebra foal spends as much time feeding as a 5-month-old wild horse foal. From the time their foals are born until the foals reach an age of 3 months, females form small groups (three females and their foals). These groups are never found further than 2·0 km from surface water and are usually associated with a territorial male. Unlike other equids, the foals of which always follow their mares, when female Grevy's zebra go to drink, they leave their foals in “kindergartens”, which are guarded by a single adult animal, usually a territorial male. It is proposed that many of these differences in behaviour and rates of juvenile development are the result of adaptation to an arid environment. Water requirements during early lactation appear to influence strongly the social behaviour of the Grevy's zebra and should also be a strong influence on the mother-infant behaviour of other arid-living ungulates.
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes
Call Number Serial 927
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Author Hemelrijk, C.K.
Title (down) Models of, and tests for, reciprocity, unidirectionality and other social interaction patterns at a group level Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 39 Issue 6 Pages 1013-1029
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Abstract Research on reciprocity is impaired by confusing definitions and often wrongly used statistical tests. Here, two models of the mechanism on which reciprocity may be based are discussed and an initial step towards a new fremework for its analysis is presented. A distinction is made between reciprocity and interchange. In the case of reciprocity, for one kind of act the same kind is received in return. In interchange, however, two different kinds of acts are bartered. Three types of reciprocity/interchange in social actions among all pairs of group-members are distinguished ([`]qualitative', [`]relative' and [`]absolute') on the basis of the precision of the reciprocity/interchange. Permutation procedures for association between matrices (such as the Mantel Z and two other newly derived tests) are used as a statistical test for detecting reciprocity/interchange. A rough comparison of the power of the two new tests is included. The tests can be applied to all kinds of group-living animals and to all sorts of social behaviour. The distinction between the three types of reciprocity/interchange and the matching statistical methods are also useful for defining and detecting other patterns in social interactions, like unidirectionality and associations between different kinds of social behaviour. The influence on social interactions of variables like dominance rank, age and sex can be analysed in the three forms by testing correlations between invented matrices which represent the influence of these variables (the so-called hypothesis matrices) and social interaction matrices. These methods are extended for two categories of individuals, thus allowing the investigation of, for example, reciprocity between males and females. The methods are illustrated with examples of coalition formation and grooming behaviour among captive chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes.
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5049
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Author Stander, P.E., Nott, T.B., Lindeque, P.M.; Lindeque, M.
Title (down) Mass marking of zebras in the Etosha National Park, Namibia Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Madoqua Abbreviated Journal Madoqua
Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 47-49
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes
Call Number Serial 1627
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