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Author Kaminski, J.; Call, J.; Fischer, J.
Title (down) Word Learning in a Domestic Dog: Evidence for “Fast Mapping” Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 304 Issue 5677 Pages 1682-1683
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Abstract During speech acquisition, children form quick and rough hypotheses about the meaning of a new word after only a single exposure--a process dubbed “fast mapping.” Here we provide evidence that a border collie, Rico, is able to fast map. Rico knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those items right away as well as 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Fast mapping thus appears to be mediated by general learning and memory mechanisms also found in other animals and not by a language acquisition device that is special to humans.
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Notes 10.1126/science.1097859 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4678
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Author McLaren, B.E.; Peterson, R.O.
Title (down) Wolves, Moose, and Tree Rings on Isle Royale Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 266 Issue 5190 Pages 1555-1558
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Abstract Investigation of tree growth in Isle Royale National Park in Michigan revealed the influence of herbivores and carnivores on plants in an intimately linked food chain. Plant growth rates were regulated by cycles in animal density and responded to annual changes in primary productivity only when released from herbivory by wolf predation. Isle Royale's dendrochronology complements a rich literature on food chain control in aquatic systems, which often supports a trophic cascade model. This study provides evidence of top-down control in a forested ecosystem.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4995
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Author Janik, V.M.
Title (down) Whistle matching in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 289 Issue 5483 Pages 1355-1357
Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology; Dolphins/*physiology; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; *Social Behavior; *Vocalization, Animal
Abstract Dolphin communication is suspected to be complex, on the basis of their call repertoires, cognitive abilities, and ability to modify signals through vocal learning. Because of the difficulties involved in observing and recording individual cetaceans, very little is known about how they use their calls. This report shows that wild, unrestrained bottlenose dolphins use their learned whistles in matching interactions, in which an individual responds to a whistle of a conspecific by emitting the same whistle type. Vocal matching occurred over distances of up to 580 meters and is indicative of animals addressing each other individually.
Address School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Bute Building, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
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ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:10958783 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 550
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Author Linton, M.L.
Title (down) Washoe the chimpanzee Type Journal Article
Year 1970 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 169 Issue 943 Pages 328
Keywords Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cognition; Cultural Deprivation; *Hominidae; Humans; Infant; *Language Development; Psychology, Comparative
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Notes PMID:5450363 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2849
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Author Wood, J.N.; Glynn, D.D.; Phillips, B.C.; Hauser, M.D.
Title (down) The Perception of Rational, Goal-Directed Action in Nonhuman Primates Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1402-1405
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Abstract Humans are capable of making inferences about other individuals' intentions and goals by evaluating their actions in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment. This capacity enables humans to go beyond the surface appearance of behavior to draw inferences about an individual's mental states. Presently unclear is whether this capacity is uniquely human or is shared with other animals. We show that cotton-top tamarins, rhesus macaques, and chimpanzees all make spontaneous inferences about a human experimenter's goal by attending to the environmental constraints that guide rational action. These findings rule out simple associative accounts of action perception and show that our capacity to infer rational, goal-directed action likely arose at least as far back as the New World monkeys, some 40 million years ago.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4241
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Author Emery, N.J.; Clayton, N.S.
Title (down) The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 306 Issue 5703 Pages 1903-1907
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Abstract Discussions of the evolution of intelligence have focused on monkeys and apes because of their close evolutionary relationship to humans. Other large-brained social animals, such as corvids, also understand their physical and social worlds. Here we review recent studies of tool manufacture, mental time travel, and social cognition in corvids, and suggest that complex cognition depends on a “tool kit” consisting of causal reasoning, flexibility, imagination, and prospection. Because corvids and apes share these cognitive tools, we argue that complex cognitive abilities evolved multiple times in distantly related species with vastly different brain structures in order to solve similar socioecological problems.
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Notes 10.1126/science.1098410 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2959
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Author McGreevy, P.D.; Oddie, C.; Burton, F.L.; McLean, A.N.
Title (down) The horse–human dyad: Can we align horse training and handling activities with the equid social ethogram? Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication The Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Special Issue: Equitation Science
Volume 181 Issue 1 Pages 12-18
Keywords Horse training; Social inter- and intra-specific communication; Learning; Counter–predator behaviour
Abstract This article examines the recently completed equid ethogram and shows how analogues of social interactions between horses may occur in various human–horse interactions. It discusses how some specific horse–horse interactions have a corresponding horse–human interaction – some of which may be directly beneficial for the horse while others may be unusual or even abnormal. It also shows how correspondent behaviours sometimes become inappropriate because of their duration, consistency or context. One analogue is unlikely to hold true for all horse–human contexts, so when applying any model from horse–horse interactions to human–horse interactions, the limitations of the model may eclipse the intended outcome of the intervention. These limitations are especially likely when the horse is being ridden. Such analyses may help to determine the validity of extrapolating intra-specific interactions to the inter-specific setting, as is advocated by some popular horse-training methods, and highlight the subsequent limitations where humans play the role of the ‘alpha mare’ or leader in horse handling and training. This examination provides a constructive framework for further informed debate and empirical investigation of the critical features of successful intra-specific interactions.
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ISSN 1090-0233 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5729
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Author Axelrod, R.; Hamilton, W.D.
Title (down) The evolution of cooperation Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 211 Issue 4489 Pages 1390-1396
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Abstract Cooperation in organisms, whether bacteria or primates, has been a difficulty for evolutionary theory since Darwin. On the assumption that interactions between pairs of individuals occur on a probabilistic basis, a model is developed based on the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Deductions from the model, and the results of a computer tournament show how cooperation based on reciprocity can get started in an asocial world, can thrive while interacting with a wide range of other strategies, and can resist invasion once fully established. Potential applications include specific aspects of territoriality, mating, and disease.
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Notes 10.1126/science.7466396 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4933
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Author Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M.
Title (down) The domestication of social cognition in dogs Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 298 Issue 5598 Pages 1634-1636
Keywords Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Cues; *Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves
Abstract Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways.
Address Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu
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ISSN 1095-9203 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:12446914 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 595
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Author Lowenstein Jm,
Title (down) The cry of the quagga Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal Counterpoints in Science
Volume Issue Pages 40-42
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1352
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