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Author |
Kirkpatrick Jf, |
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Title  |
Feral horses: The basic problems |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Equine Vet Sc |
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6 |
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222 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1266 |
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Author |
Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L. |
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Title |
Exchangeable producer and scrounger roles in a captive flock of feral pigeons: a case for the skill pool effect |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
797-803 |
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Abstract |
We investigated the foraging producer-scrounger system of a captive flock of feral pigeons (Columba livia) by monitoring the number of food patches each individual produced. In one experiment, three different patch types were tested on the whole flock while, in a second, flock composition was varied for one patch type. In all cases we found non-uniform distributions of the number of patches produced per individual, which suggests the existence of producer and scrounger roles. This result could not be explained by either dominance or variability in individual learning ability. Individuals switched roles in response to changes both in food patch type and flock composition. These results are discussed in light of the skill pool hypothesis, which suggests that, in a group, different foraging specialists will profit by parasitizing each other's food discoveries. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6012 |
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Author |
Meadow Rh, U.H. |
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Title |
Equids in the ancient world |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
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Beihefte z Tübinger Atlas d Vorderen Orients Reihe A |
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19/1 |
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P |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1383 |
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Author |
Berg Wa, |
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Title |
Effective population size estimates and breeding in feral horses: A preliminary assessment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
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J Equine Vet. Sc. |
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6 |
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240-245 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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933 |
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Author |
Takai, S.; Narita, K.; Ando, K.; Tsubaki, S. |
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Title |
Ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil on a horse-breeding farm |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Veterinary Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Microbiol |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
169-177 |
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Keywords |
Actinomycetales/classification/*growth & development; Animals; Corynebacterium/classification/*growth & development; Feces/microbiology; Female; Horses; Serotyping; *Soil Microbiology |
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The ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil was studied on a horse-breeding farm. R. equi was cultured from soil at a depth of 0, 10, and 20 cm on the six sites of the farm at monthly intervals for 10 months from March to December of 1983. The highest numbers of R. equi were found in the surface soil. The mean number of bacteria in soil samples at every depth increased remarkably from 0 or 10(2) to 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 of soil in the middle of April, and later decreased gradually. R. equi inoculated into six soil exudate broths prepared from surface soils at separate sites yielded suspensions with different optical densities, indicating differences in growth. The distribution of serotypes in the soil was similar to that in the horses on the farm. These findings indicated that R. equi could multiply in the soil and flourish in the cycle existing between horses and their soil environment. |
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English |
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0378-1135 |
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Notes |
PMID:3750818 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2683 |
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Author |
McNaughton, S. J.; Georgiadis, N.J. |
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Title |
Ecology of African Grazing and Browsing Mammals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics |
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17 |
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39-66 |
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INTRODUCTION Africa is the earth's second largest continent, comprising 20% of its surface. Largely tropical, Africa extends as well into temperate zones to 37 N and 35 S. Eastern and southern Africa display steep elevation gradients due to the prevalence there of volcanic orogeny and rifting (29). Local landscapes are distinguished by substantial geological heterogeneity, dissected land forms, and resultant steep gradients of precipitation and vegetation. The consequent pronounced fragnientation of habitats and sharp juxtaposition of distinct vegetation types, combined with climatic oscillations in geological time, contributed to major adaptive radiations of the mammalian fauna (102, 120). Early zoological expeditions recorded that habitat fragmentation and wide spatial variation of animal densities and diversities were distinctive features of African ecosystems (92, 138, 162, 226). Those early records provided the bases of natural history information on animal distributions, habitat preferences, feeding habits, and general ecology; scientific research followed only much later (201). Modem scientific study of African savanna-grassland mammals began in the 1950s (23, 24, 107, 108, 148, 149, 197,203, 204, 210,230), long after the distributions and densities of the major game animals had been affected by growing human populations, colonial land and hunting policies, and virulent exotic diseases that affected the animals both directly and indirectly (57). The mammalian fauna has been increasingly isolated and fragmented within game reserves of varying size, habitat diversity, and animal species diversity; the ability to sustain it in the absence of active management is increasingly questioned (112, 187). For species with population sizes greater than 100 individuals, game reserve area (A) and faunal ... |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4255 |
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Author |
Rubenstein, D. I., |
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Title |
Ecology and sociality in horses and zebras |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution |
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282-302 |
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Princeton University Press |
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Princeton, NJ. |
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Rubenstein, D. I. ; Wrangham, R. W. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1526 |
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Author |
Zumpe, D.; Michael, R.P. |
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Title |
Dominance index: A simple measure of relative dominance status in primates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
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10 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
291-300 |
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Abstract |
A simple measure of relative dominance status (cardinal rank) is described which we have termed the dominance index. Like more familiar techniques for assessing rank order, it is based on the direction of aggressive and submissive behaviors between all possible paired combinations of animals in a social group. Using data from five groups of female rhesus monkeys, it reliably produced the same ordinal ranks as fight interaction matrices. There was also good agreement with the cardinal ranks produced by two additional measures of dominance and with those produced by observer ratings. The dominance index can be calculated when fights have not actually occurred and is largely independent of the frequency of agonistic interactions. It has, therefore, wide application and can estimate dominance during brief sampling periods (one hour) and also in stable groups when agonistic interactions are low. Its application is described in experiments in which the male in a group of females was changed and the hormonal status of the females was altered. Estrogen increased female dominance status relative to other females. |
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1098-2345 |
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refbase @ user @ DorisZumpe1986 |
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871 |
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Author |
Klingel H, |
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Title |
Die Evolution der Sozialen Organisation der Equiden |
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1986 |
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Verh Dtsch Zool Ges |
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79 |
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176 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1318 |
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Author |
Eccles, T.R.; Shackleton, D.M. |
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Title |
Correlates and consequences of social status in female bighorn sheep |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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34 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1392-1401 |
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Dominance-subordinance relationships among a captive group of adule bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) were studied from May 1977 to December 1978. Social interactions between females were brief in duration and infrequent. Although a dominance hierarchy was evident among the females, it was not linear. Horn length and body weight were not consistently correlated with social status. The highest ranking females were the most aggressive individuals, initiating more agonistic interactions than subordinates. Females with high social status did not have higher quality diets, lower activity costs, or higher productivity than low ranking females. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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753 |
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