| Records |
| Author |
Burton, A.C.; Neilson, E.; Moreira, D.; Ladle, A.; Steenweg, R.; Fisher, J.T.; Bayne, E.; Boutin, S. |
Title  |
REVIEW: Wildlife camera trapping: a review and recommendations for linking surveys to ecological processes |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Ecol |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
675-685 |
| Keywords |
animal movement; camera trap; capture-recapture; density estimation; imperfect detection; mammal monitoring; occupancy model; relative abundance; sampling error; wildlife survey methodology |
| Abstract |
Summary Reliable assessment of animal populations is a long-standing challenge in wildlife ecology. Technological advances have led to widespread adoption of camera traps (CTs) to survey wildlife distribution, abundance and behaviour. As for any wildlife survey method, camera trapping must contend with sources of sampling error such as imperfect detection. Early applications focused on density estimation of naturally marked species, but there is growing interest in broad-scale CT surveys of unmarked populations and communities. Nevertheless, inferences based on detection indices are controversial, and the suitability of alternatives such as occupancy estimation is debatable. We reviewed 266 CT studies published between 2008 and 2013. We recorded study objectives and methodologies, evaluating the consistency of CT protocols and sampling designs, the extent to which CT surveys considered sampling error, and the linkages between analytical assumptions and species ecology. Nearly two-thirds of studies surveyed more than one species, and a majority used response variables that ignored imperfect detection (e.g. presence?absence, relative abundance). Many studies used opportunistic sampling and did not explicitly report details of sampling design and camera deployment that could affect conclusions. Most studies estimating density used capture?recapture methods on marked species, with spatially explicit methods becoming more prominent. Few studies estimated density for unmarked species, focusing instead on occupancy modelling or measures of relative abundance. While occupancy studies estimated detectability, most did not explicitly define key components of the modelling framework (e.g. a site) or discuss potential violations of model assumptions (e.g. site closure). Studies using relative abundance relied on assumptions of equal detectability, and most did not explicitly define expected relationships between measured responses and underlying ecological processes (e.g. animal abundance and movement). Synthesis and applications. The rapid adoption of camera traps represents an exciting transition in wildlife survey methodology. We remain optimistic about the technology's promise, but call for more explicit consideration of underlying processes of animal abundance, movement and detection by cameras, including more thorough reporting of methodological details and assumptions. Such transparency will facilitate efforts to evaluate and improve the reliability of camera trap surveys, ultimately leading to stronger inferences and helping to meet modern needs for effective ecological inquiry and biodiversity monitoring. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
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0021-8901 |
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https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12432 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6703 |
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| Author |
Christensen, J.W.; Munk, R.; Hawson, L.; Palme, R.; Larsen, T.; Egenvall, A.; König von Borstel, U.U.; Rørvang, M.V. |
| Title |
Rider effects on horses' conflict behaviour, rein tension, physiological measures and rideability scores |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
234 |
Issue |
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Pages |
105184 |
| Keywords |
Equitation science; Heart rate; Horse riding; Sport horse; Temperament; Training cues |
| Abstract |
Many breeding organisations include a subjective scoring of rideability by a professional rider into their evaluation of sports horses, but the consistency and reliability of the scoring system is debateable. The aim of this study was to investigate (i) whether professional riders agree in their scoring of rideability, and (ii) whether rideability scores are affected by rein tension, horse conflict behaviour, heart rate, and salivary cortisol, and (iii) whether riders induce different levels of conflict behaviour and physiological responses in the horses. Ten professional, female riders each rode 10 dressage horses (level M German scale; n = 100 combinations) through a standardised dressage test (10 min warm-up followed by a 4-min test) and subsequently scored the horses for rideability on the official 1-10 scale (1 = poor to 10 = excellent) from the Danish Riding Federation. Rein tension, horse heart rate, saliva cortisol and conflict behaviour were measured for each rider-horse pair. The riders were inconsistent in their scoring of rideability to the individual horses, e.g. scores for one of the horses ranged from 1 to 8. There was a significant effect of rider (P = 0.003) and the frequency of conflict behaviour (undesired head movements: P < 0.001, breaking the gait: P = 0.013, and other evasive behaviour: P = 0.032) on rideability scores, i.e. the more conflict behaviour the lower the score. There was no significant effect of rein tension and the physiological measures on rideability scores. However, there was a significant effect of rider on rein tension, horses' heart rate and increases in saliva cortisol concentrations and a tendency for some types of conflict behaviour, suggesting that some riders induced more discomfort in the horses. Future studies could help shed light on which elements of riding style are particularly important for sports horse welfare. In conclusion, this study found a large variation in rideability scores assigned to ten sports horses by ten professional riders. Rideability scores were dependent on the level of horse conflict behaviour, but not rein tension and physiological measures. Further studies are needed to improve the objectivity, consistency and reliability of rideability assessment of sports horses. |
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0168-1591 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6696 |
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| Author |
Rørvang, M.V.; Nielsen, B.L.; McLean, A.N. |
| Title |
Sensory Abilities of Horses and Their Importance for Equitation Science |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
633 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Vision, hearing, olfaction, taste, and touch comprise the sensory modalities of most vertebrates. With these senses, the animal receives information about its environment. How this information is organized, interpreted, and experienced is known as perception. The study of the sensory abilities of animals and their implications for behavior is central not only to ethology but also to animal welfare. Sensory ability, perception, and behavior are closely linked. Horses and humans share the five most common sensory modalities, however, their ranges and capacities differ, so that horses are unlikely to perceive their surroundings in a similar manner to humans. Understanding equine perceptual abilities and their differences is important when horses and human interact, as these abilities are pivotal for the response of the horse to any changes in its surroundings. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the sensory abilities of horses. The information is discussed within an evolutionary context and also includes a practical perspective, outlining potential ways to mitigate risks of injuries and enhance positive horse-human interactions. The equine sensory apparatus includes panoramic visual capacities with acuities similar to those of red-green color-blind humans as well as aural abilities that, in some respects exceed human hearing and a highly developed sense of smell, all of which influence how horses react in various situations. Equine sensitivity to touch has been studied surprisingly sparingly despite tactile stimulation being the major interface of horse training. We discuss the potential use of sensory enrichment/positive sensory stimulation to improve the welfare of horses in various situations e.g. using odors, touch or sound to enrich the environment or to appease horses. In addition, equine perception is affected by factors such as breed, individuality, age, and in some cases even color, emphasizing that different horses may need different types of management. Understanding the sensory abilities of horses is central to the emerging discipline of equitation science, which comprises the gamut of horse-human interactions. Therefore, sensory abilities continue to warrant scientific focus, with more research to enable us to understand different horses and their various needs. |
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| ISSN |
2297-1769 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6634 |
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| Author |
Meriggi, A.; Dagradi, V.; Dondina, O.; Perversi, M.; Milanesi, P.; Lombardini, M.; Raviglione, S.; Repossi, A. |
| Title |
Short-term responses of wolf feeding habits to changes of wild and domestic ungulate abundance in Northern Italy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
389-411 |
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Taylor & Francis |
Place of Publication |
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0394-9370 |
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| Notes |
doi: 10.1080/03949370.2014.986768 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6688 |
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| Author |
da Cruz, A.B.; Hirata, S.; dos Santos, M.E.; Mendonça, R.S. |
| Title |
Show me your best side: Lateralization of social and resting behaviors in feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
206 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104839 |
| Keywords |
Cerebral lateralization; Drone technology; ; Hemispheric specialization; Horses; Social interactions |
| Abstract |
Growing evidence shows a variety of sensorial and motor asymmetries in social and non-social interactions in various species, indicating a lateralized processing of information by the brain. Using digital video cameras on tripods and drones, this study investigated lateralization in frequency and duration of social behavior patterns, in affiliative, agonistic, and resting contexts, in a feral population of horses (Equus ferus caballus) in Northern Portugal, consisting of 37 individuals organized in eight harem groups. Affiliative interactions (including grooming) were more often performed, and lasted longer, when recipients were positioned to the right side. In recumbent resting (animals lying down) episodes on the left side lasted longer. Our results of an affiliative behavior having a right side tendency, provide partial support to the valence-specific hypothesis of Ahern and Schwartz (1979) – left hemisphere dominance for positive affect, affiliative behaviors. Longer recumbent resting episodes on the left side may be due to synchronization. However, in both instances it is discussed how lateralization may be context dependent. Investigating the position asymmetries of social behaviors in feral equids will contribute to a better understanding of differential lateralization and hemispheric specialization from the ecological and evolutionary perspectives. |
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0376-6357 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6697 |
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| Author |
da Cruz, A.B.; Hirata, S.; dos Santos, M.E.; Mendonça, R.S. |
| Title |
Show me your best side: Lateralization of social and resting behaviors in feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
206 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104839 |
| Keywords |
Cerebral lateralization; Drone technology; ; Hemispheric specialization; Horses; Social interactions |
| Abstract |
Growing evidence shows a variety of sensorial and motor asymmetries in social and non-social interactions in various species, indicating a lateralized processing of information by the brain. Using digital video cameras on tripods and drones, this study investigated lateralization in frequency and duration of social behavior patterns, in affiliative, agonistic, and resting contexts, in a feral population of horses (Equus ferus caballus) in Northern Portugal, consisting of 37 individuals organized in eight harem groups. Affiliative interactions (including grooming) were more often performed, and lasted longer, when recipients were positioned to the right side. In recumbent resting (animals lying down) episodes on the left side lasted longer. Our results of an affiliative behavior having a right side tendency, provide partial support to the valence-specific hypothesis of Ahern and Schwartz (1979) – left hemisphere dominance for positive affect, affiliative behaviors. Longer recumbent resting episodes on the left side may be due to synchronization. However, in both instances it is discussed how lateralization may be context dependent. Investigating the position asymmetries of social behaviors in feral equids will contribute to a better understanding of differential lateralization and hemispheric specialization from the ecological and evolutionary perspectives. |
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0376-6357 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6711 |
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Janczarek, I.; Wisniewska, A.; Chruszczewski, M.H.; Tkaczyk, E.; Górecka-Bruzda, A. |
| Title |
Social Behaviour of Horses in Response to Vocalisations of Predators |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animals |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
2331 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
horse; predator; vocalisation; social defensive behaviour; grey wolf; Arabian leopard; golden jackal |
| Abstract |
We tested the hypothesis that social defensive responses to the vocalisation of a predator still exist in horses. The recordings of a grey wolf, an Arabian leopard and a golden jackal were played to 20 Konik polski and Arabian mares. Durations of grazing, standing still, standing alert and the number of steps in walk and trot/canter were measured. In one-minute scans, the distances of the focal horse from the reference horse (DIST-RH) and from the nearest loudspeaker (DIST-LS) were approximated. The vocalisation of a leopard aroused the Arabians more than the Koniks (less grazing, stand-still and walk, more stand-alert and trotting/cantering). Koniks showed more relaxed behaviours to the leopard vocalisation (more grazing, stand-still and walk), but high alertness to the wolf playback (stand-alert, trotting/cantering). Spatial formation of the herd of Koniks showed tight grouping (lower DIST-RH) and maintaining distance from the potential threat (DIST-LS) in response to the wolf howling, while the Arabians approached the loudspeakers in linear herd formation when the leopard growls were played. Adult horses responded to potential predation by changing spatial group formations. This ability to apply a social strategy may be one of the explanations for the least number of horses among all hunted farm animal species. |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
Animals |
| Series Volume |
10 |
Series Issue |
12 |
Edition |
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| ISSN |
2076-2615 |
ISBN |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6675 |
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| Author |
Jankunis, E.S.; Whishaw, I.Q. |
| Title |
Sucrose Bobs and Quinine Gapes: Horse (Equus caballus) responses to taste support phylogenetic similarity in taste reactivity |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Behavioural Brain Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
256 |
Issue |
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Pages |
284-290 |
| Keywords |
Hedonic; Aversive; Reactions; Taste; Reactivity; Horse |
| Abstract |
Evidence suggests that behavioural affective reactions to sweet and bitter substances are homologous in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. The sweet taste of sucrose elicits facial responses that include rhythmic tongue protrusions whereas the bitter taste of quinine elicits facial responses that include gapes, featuring an opening of the mouth and protrusion of the tongue. The present study using the horse (Equus caballus) was undertaken for three reasons: (1) there is debate about the presence of a sweet receptor gene in the horse, (2) there is a need to expand the examination of facial reactions to taste in lineages other than the closely related lineages of rodents and primates, and (3) the horse provides an opportunity to test the hypothesis that some social signals derive from movements related to taste reaction. The horses were given oral infusions of either sucrose or quinine and their behaviour was examined using frame-by-frame video analysis. Control groups were exposed received water or syringe insertion only. Amongst the many responses made to the infusions, the distinctive response to sucrose was a bob coupled with a slight tongue protrusion and forward movement of the ears; the distinctive response to quinine was a head extension and mouth gape accompanied by a large tongue protrusion and backward movement of the ears. Sucrose Bobs and Quinine Gapes are discussed with respect to: (1) the relevance of facial reactions to both sucrose and quinine to taste receptors in horses, (2) the similarity of features of taste expression in horses to those documented in rodents and primates, and (3) the dissimilarity between facial reactions to taste and other social signals displayed by horses. |
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0166-4328 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6635 |
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Dwan, K.; Altman, D.G.; Arnaiz, J.A.; Bloom, J.; Chan, A.-W.; Cronin, E.; Decullier, E.; Easterbrook, P.J.; Von Elm, E.; Gamble, C.; Ghersi, D.; Ioannidis, J.P.A.; Simes, J.; Williamson, P.R. |
| Title |
Systematic Review of the Empirical Evidence of Study Publication Bias and Outcome Reporting Bias |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Plos One |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plos One |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e3081 |
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| Abstract |
Background The increased use of meta-analysis in systematic reviews of healthcare interventions has highlighted several types of bias that can arise during the completion of a randomised controlled trial. Study publication bias has been recognised as a potential threat to the validity of meta-analysis and can make the readily available evidence unreliable for decision making. Until recently, outcome reporting bias has received less attention. Methodology/Principal Findings We review and summarise the evidence from a series of cohort studies that have assessed study publication bias and outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials. Sixteen studies were eligible of which only two followed the cohort all the way through from protocol approval to information regarding publication of outcomes. Eleven of the studies investigated study publication bias and five investigated outcome reporting bias. Three studies have found that statistically significant outcomes had a higher odds of being fully reported compared to non-significant outcomes (range of odds ratios: 2.2 to 4.7). In comparing trial publications to protocols, we found that 40-62% of studies had at least one primary outcome that was changed, introduced, or omitted. We decided not to undertake meta-analysis due to the differences between studies. Conclusions Recent work provides direct empirical evidence for the existence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias. There is strong evidence of an association between significant results and publication; studies that report positive or significant results are more likely to be published and outcomes that are statistically significant have higher odds of being fully reported. Publications have been found to be inconsistent with their protocols. Researchers need to be aware of the problems of both types of bias and efforts should be concentrated on improving the reporting of trials. |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6644 |
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| Author |
Lagos, L.; Blanco, P. |
| Title |
Testing the use of dogs to prevent wolf attackson free ranging ponies in Iberia? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Carnivore Damage Prevention News |
Abbreviated Journal |
CDPnews |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
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Pages |
20-27 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6679 |
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