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| Author | Linklater, W.L.; Cameron, E.Z.; Stafford, K.J.; Veltman, C.J. | ||||
Title  |
Social and spatial structure and range use by Kaimanawa wild horses (Equus caballus: Equidae) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | New Zealand Journal of Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | New Zealand J. Ecol. |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 139-152 |
| Keywords | Bachelor male; Band; Density; Habitat use; Home range; Management proposals; Micro-climate; Vegetation monitoring; habitat use; home range; mammal; social structure; spatial distribution; New Zealand; Equus caballus | ||||
| Abstract | We measured horse density, social structure, habitat use, home ranges and altitudinal micro-climates in the south-western Kaimanawa ranges east of Waiouru, New Zealand. Horse density in the Auahitotara ecological sector averaged 3.6 horses.km-2 and ranged from 0.9 to 5.2 horses.km-2 within different zones. The population's social structure was like that of other feral horse populations with an even adult sex ratio, year round breeding groups (bands) with stable adult membership consisting of 1 to 11 mares, 1 to 4 stallions, and their predispersal offspring, and bachelor groups with unstable membership. Bands and bachelor males were loyal to undefended home ranges with central core use areas. Band home range sizes varied positively with adult band size. Home ranges overlapped entirely with other home ranges. Horses were more likely to occupy north facing aspects, short tussock vegetation and flush zones and avoid high altitudes, southern aspects, steeper slopes, bare ground and forest remnants. Horses were more likely to be on north facing aspects, steeper slopes, in exotic and red tussock grasslands and flush zones during winter and at lower altitudes and on gentler slopes in spring and summer. Seasonal shifts by bands to river basin and stream valley floors in spring and higher altitudes in autumn and winter are attributed to the beginning of foaling and mating in spring and formation of frost inversion layers in winter. Given horse habitat selectivity and the presence of other ungulate herbivores, results from present exclosures are likely to exaggerate the size of horse impacts on range vegetation. Proposals to manage the population by relocation and confinement are likely to modify current social structure and range use behaviour and may lead to the need for more intensive management in the longer term. | ||||
| Address | Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand | ||||
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| ISSN | 01106465 (Issn) | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 12; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Linklater, W.L.; Ecology Group; Institute of Natural Resources; Massey University; Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North, New Zealand; email: wlinklater@hotmail.com | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 793 | ||
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| Author | Loveland, K.A. | ||||
| Title |
Self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: ecological considerations | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Consciousness and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Conscious Cogn |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 254-257 |
| Keywords | Animals; Attention; *Awareness; Body Image; Dolphins/*psychology; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Male; *Self Concept; *Social Environment; Species Specificity; Television; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77025, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1053-8100 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8521267 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4161 | ||
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| Author | Reynhout, I.C.; Cornelissen, J.J.L.M.; Nolte, R.J.M. | ||||
| Title |
Self-assembled architectures from biohybrid triblock copolymers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Journal of the American Chemical Society | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Chem Soc |
| Volume | 129 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 2327-2332 |
| Keywords | Horseradish Peroxidase/*chemistry; Micelles; Molecular Structure; Myoglobin/*chemistry; Particle Size; Polyethylene Glycols/*chemistry; Polymers/*chemical synthesis/chemistry; Polystyrenes/*chemistry; Surface-Active Agents/chemical synthesis/chemistry | ||||
| Abstract | The synthesis and self-assembly behavior of biohybrid ABC triblock copolymers consisting of a synthetic diblock, polystyrene-b-polyethylene glycol (PSm-b-PEG113), where m is varied, and a hemeprotein, myoglobin (Mb) or horse radish peroxidase (HRP), is described. The synthetic diblock copolymer is first functionalized with the heme cofactor and subsequently reconstituted with the apoprotein or the apoenzyme to yield the protein-containing ABC triblock copolymer. The obtained amphiphilic block copolymers self-assemble in aqueous solution into a large variety of aggregate structures. Depending on the protein and the polystyrene block length, micellar rods, vesicles, toroids, figure eight structures, octopus structures, and spheres with a lamellar surface are formed. | ||||
| Address | Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0002-7863 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17274615 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1832 | |||
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| Author | Ben-Shahar, R | ||||
| Title |
Selectivity in large generalist herbivores: feeding patterns of African ungulates in a semi-arid habitat | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | African Journal of Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Afr. J. Ecol. |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 302-315 |
| Keywords | diet; forage production; grazing; wildebeest; zebra | ||||
| Abstract | Feeding habits of free-ranging wildebeest and zebra were monitored in a semi-arid nature reserve, bordering the southwestern part of Kruger National Park, South Africa. The purpose of study was to distinguish and define the feeding niches of two roughage grazers that occur in similar habitat types. The monthly compositions of diets were evaluated by direct observations of feeding bouts over a period of two years when rainfall patterns were average and animal populations were stable. Other analyses evaluated the standing biomass of grass species in the reserve during the wet summer and dry winter seasons. A considerable overlap of grass species composition was found in the diets of wildebeest and zebra. Ordination of bi-monthly records of the diet composition showed greater variations in scores of grasses in zebra diet in comparison to wildebeest. Seasonal patterns were more apparent in the wildebeest diet. Preference ranking of grass species indicated that zebra diet remained constant in winter and summer. Wildebeest diet however, alternated with seasons, showing high preferences during the winter months for grass species which were rejected during summer. The combined assessment of results from three separate statistical methods analysing temporal patterns and preferences in diet composition revealed contradictory trends. The solution, however, relied on the initial assumptions posed. Hence, wildebeest and zebra are essentially generalist feeders which show a limited amount of preference in their choice of diet. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2226 | ||
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| Author | Domjan, M. | ||||
| Title |
Selective suppression of drinking during a limited period following aversive drug treatment in rats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 66-76 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Avoidance Learning; Awareness; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking Behavior/*drug effects; Lithium/*poisoning; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Saccharin/administration & dosage; *Taste; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Administration of lithium chloride disrupted the intake of flavored solutions but not water in rats. This intake suppression was directly related to the amount of lithium administered (Experiment 1), occurred with both palatable and unpalatable novel saccharin solutions (Experiment 2), but was only observed if subjects were tested starting less than 75 min. after lithium treatment (Experiment 3). Twenty-five daily exposures to saccharin did not attenuate the effect (Experiment 4). However, in saccharin-reared and vinegar-reared rats, lithium did not disrupt consumption of the solutions these subjects had access to throughout life, even though suppressions of intake were observed when these subjects were tested with novel flavors (Experiment 5). The selective disruption of drinking is interpreted as a novelty-dependent sensitization reaction to the discomfort of aversive drug administration. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:845544 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2788 | ||
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| Author | Pennisi, E. | ||||
| Title |
Schizophrenia clues from monkeys | Type | |||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 277 | Issue | 5328 | Pages | 900 |
| Keywords | Animals; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; *Cercopithecus aethiops; Clozapine/pharmacology; Cognition/drug effects; *Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine/*metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology; Memory/drug effects; Phencyclidine/*pharmacology; Prefrontal Cortex/*metabolism; Schizophrenia/chemically induced/drug therapy/*metabolism; Schizophrenic Psychology | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9281070 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2844 | ||
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| Author | Husted, L.; Andersen, M.S.; Borggaard, O.K.; Houe, H.; Olsen, S.N. | ||||
| Title |
Risk factors for faecal sand excretion in Icelandic horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 37 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 351-355 |
| Keywords | Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Denmark; Feces/*chemistry; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control/veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control; Horses/*metabolism; Logistic Models; Male; Pilot Projects; *Poaceae/growth & development; Risk Factors; Silicon Dioxide/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*analysis; Soil/*analysis | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Sandy soil is often mentioned as a risk factor in the development of sand-related gastrointestinal disease (SGID) in the horse. There are other variables, but few studies confirm any of these. OBJECTIVE: To investigate soil type, pasture quality, feeding practice in the paddock, age, sex and body condition score as risk factors for sand intake in the horse. METHODS: Faeces were collected from 211 Icelandic horses on 19 different studs in Denmark together with soil samples and other potential risk factors. Sand content in faeces determined by a sand sedimentation test was interpreted as evidence of sand intake. Soil types were identified by soil analysis and significance of the data was tested using logistic analysis. RESULTS: Of horses included in the study, 56.4% showed sand in the faeces and 5.7% had more than 5 mm sand as quantified by the rectal sleeve sedimentation test. Soil type had no significant effect when tested as main effect, but there was interaction between soil type and pasture quality. Significant interactions were also found between paddock feeding practice and pasture quality. CONCLUSION: To evaluate the risk of sand intake it is important to consider 3 variables: soil type, pasture quality and feeding practice. Pasture quality was identified as a risk factor of both short and long grass in combination with sandy soil, while clay soil had the lowest risk in these combinations. Feeding practice in the paddock revealed feeding directly on the ground to be a risk factor when there was short (1-5 cm) or no grass. Also, no feeding outdoors increased the risk on pastures with short grass, while this had no effect in paddocks with no grass. More than 50% of all horses investigated in this study had sand in the faeces. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The identification of risk factors is an important step towards prevention of SGID. Further research is necessary to determine why some horses exhibit more than 5 mm sand in the sedimentation test and whether this is correlated with geophagic behaviour. | ||||
| Address | Department of Large Animal Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Dyrlaegevej 88, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16028626 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1888 | |||
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| Author | Thoren Hellsten, E.; Viklund, A.; Koenen, E.P.C.; Ricard, A.; Bruns, E.; Philipsson, J. | ||||
| Title |
Review of genetic parameters estimated at stallion and young horse performance tests and their correlations with later results in dressage and show-jumping competition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Livestock Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 103 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 1-12 |
| Keywords | Genetic parameters; Sport horse; Performance test; Competition; Dressage; Show-jumping | ||||
| Abstract | Results from performance tests and competitions of young horses are used by major European warmblood horse breeding associations for genetic evaluations. The aim of this review was to compare genetic parameters for various tests of young horses to assess their efficiency in selection for dressage and show-jumping. Improved understanding of genetic information across countries is also necessary, as foreign trade with semen is rapidly increasing. The review is based on inquiries to European breed associations and on (17) scientific publications available, which have analysed genetic parameters of young horse data and/or relationships between young and mature horse results in sport. Despite differences in testing methods of young horses, results for major horse populations were in good agreement. Specially designed young horse performance tests, including stallion tests, showed high heritabilities and high genetic correlations with later competition results. We recommend that test results are encouraged to be used across countries for genetic evaluation of imported stallions and semen. Short station tests are generally preferred when selecting stallions for both dressage and jumping traits, whereas competition data may be used when selecting for only one discipline. We also recommend that extensive field testing of young horses is encouraged and should include both genders. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3951 | ||
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| Author | Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, A. | ||||
| Title |
Reversibility of action and safety during pregnancy of immunization against porcine zona pellucida in wild mares (Equus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Reprod Suppl |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | Pages | 197-202 | |
| Keywords | Animals; *Animals, Wild; Antigens/administration & dosage; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/*veterinary; Egg Proteins/administration & dosage; Female; Fertility; *Horses; Immunization, Secondary/veterinary; Membrane Glycoproteins/administration & dosage; Population Control; Pregnancy; *Receptors, Cell Surface; Safety; Swine; Time Factors; Vaccines, Contraceptive/*administration & dosage | ||||
| Abstract | Contraceptive management of publicly valued wildlife species requires safeguards to ensure that these populations are preserved in a healthy state. In addition, reversibility of contraceptive effects and safety in pregnant animals are major concerns. A population of wild horses has been immunized against porcine zona pellucida (PZP) over a 12 year period on Assateague Island National Seashore, MD (ASIS). Mares initially received one or two 65 microg inoculations and once a year 65 microg booster inoculations, all delivered by dart. All young mares aged > 2 years were treated with PZP for 3 consecutive years regardless of whether they have bred successfully and they were then removed from treatment until they had foaled. All mares vaccinated for 1 or 2 consecutive years became fertile again and 69% of mares treated for 3 consecutive years returned to fertility. All five mares treated for 4 or 5 consecutive years have also returned to fertility, but over longer periods of time. Mares treated for 7 consecutive years have not returned to fertility, but several, while still infertile, have started ovulating again. There was no difference in survival rates between foals born to treated and untreated mares, and PZP treatment of pregnant mares did not affect subsequent fertility of their female offspring. | ||||
| Address | Science and Conservation Center, ZooMontana, Billings 59106, USA. zoolab@wtp.net | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1477-0415 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12220160 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 141 | ||
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| Author | Feist, J.D.; McCullough, D.R. | ||||
| Title |
Reproduction in feral horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1975 | Publication | Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
| Volume | Issue | 23 | Pages | 13-18 | |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Female; Horses/*physiology; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population; Reproduction; *Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance; Sucking Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | A behavioural study of feral horses was conducted on the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range in the western United States. All 270 horses on the Range were identified individually. The sex ratio was nearly balanced. Foal to adult female ratio was 43-2:100. Morality was concentrated among foals and old horses. Horses were organized as forty-four harem groups each with a dominant stallion, one to two immature stallions, one to three immature mares, one to three adult mares and their yearling and foal offspring, and 23 bachelor groups of one to eight stallions. Harem groups were quite stable year-round because of dominance and leadership by the stallions and group fidelity by mares and their offsring. Most changes occurred during the breeding season and involved immature females. Defeat of dominant stallions was infrequent. Immature males were tolerated because of their submissive behaviour. Bachelor stallion groups were inherently unstable. Mares came into heat after foaling in May/June, and were mated by harem stallions only. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0449-3087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:1060766 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1964 | ||
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