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| Author |
Genov, P.W.; Kostava, V. |
Title  |
Untersuchungen zur zahlenmäßigen Stärke des Wolfes und seiner Einwirkung auf die Haustierbestände in Bulgarien |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
39 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
217-223 |
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| Abstract |
Die Untersuchung wurde in der Zeitspanne von 1984 bis 1988 durchgeführt. Es wurden die Protokolle des Staatlichen Versicherungsinstituts benutzt, die Angaben für Raubüberfälle von Wölfen auf Haustiere beinhalten (Tabelle 1). Außerdem wurden Angaben über die während dieser Zeitspanne erlegten Wölfe zusammengefaßt. Die Abschußzahlen lauten: 1984 – 163, 1985 – 147, 1986 – 179, 1987 – 211 und 1988 – 220 Tiere. Die Anzahl der in den einzelnen Gebirgen lebenden Wölfe wurde nach einer Umfrage festgestellt. Für die in Betracht kommenden Gebirge werden folgende Bestandszahlen angenommen: Rhodopen -- 60-80 Individuen, 189 bis 264 km2 pro Tier, Rila- und Piringebirge -- 60-80 Tiere, 109 bis 145 km2 pro Tier, Ossogowo-Belassiza Gebirgssystem -- 40-50 Individuen, 57-70 km2 pro Tier, West- und Mittelbalkan -- 35-38 Wölfe, 200 km2 pro Tier. Dazu kommen noch 10-15 Wölfe im Flußbecken von Beli Lom und etwa 20 Exemplare in Strandscha- und Sakargebirge. Insgesamt lebten in Bulgarien im Jahre 1988 etwa 260-330 Wölfe (Abb. 1). |
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1439-0574 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Genov1993 |
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6686 |
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| Author |
Mori, E.; Benatti, L.; Lovari, S.; Ferretti, F. |
| Title |
What does the wild boar mean to the wolf? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
European Journal of Wildlife Research |
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| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
9 |
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Generalist predators are expected to shape their diets according to the local availability of prey species. In turn, the extent of consumption of a prey would be influenced by the number of alternative prey species. We have tested this prediction by considering the wild boar and the grey wolf: two widespread species whose distribution ranges overlap largely in Southern Europe, e.g. in Italy. We have reviewed 16 studies from a total of 21 study areas, to assess whether the absolute frequency of occurrence of wild boar in the wolf diet was influenced by (i) occurrence of the other ungulate species in diet and (ii) the number of available ungulate species. Wild boar turned out to be the main prey of the wolf (49% occurrence, on average), followed by roe deer (24%) and livestock (18%). Occurrence of wild boar in the wolf diet decreased with increasing usage of roe deer, livestock, and to a lower extent, chamois and red deer. The number of prey species did not influence the occurrence of wild boar in the wolf diet. The wild boar is a gregarious, noisy and often locally abundant ungulate, thus easily detectable, to a predator. In turn, the extent of predation on this ungulate may not be influenced so much by the availability of other potential prey. Heavy artificial reductions of wild boar numbers, e.g. through numerical control, may concentrate predation by wolves on alternative prey (e.g. roe deer) and/or livestock, thus increasing conflicts with human activities. |
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1439-0574 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Mori2016 |
Serial |
6689 |
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| Author |
Krueger, K.; Gruentjens, T.; Hempel, E. |
| Title |
Wolf contact in horses at permanent pasture in Germany |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Plos One |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plos One |
| Volume |
18 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e0289767 |
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Wolves returned to Germany in 2000, leading to fear in German horse owners that their horses could be in danger of wolf attacks or panic-like escapes from pastures when sighting wolves. However, reports from southern European countries indicate that wolf predation on horses diminishes with increasing presence of wildlife. Therefore, we conducted a long-term, filed observation between January 2015 and July 2022 on 13 non breeding riding horses, mares and geldings, kept permanently on two pastures within the range of wildlife and a stable wolf pack with annual offspring. Wildlife cameras at the fences of the pastures made 984 times recordings of wolves and 3151 times recordings of wildlife in and around the pastures. Between 1 January 2022 and 23 March 2022 we observed two stable horse groups. Pasture 1 was grazed by five horses of mixed breed, four mares and one gelding, with the median age of 8 years (min. = 6y, max. = 29y). Pasture 2 was grazed by eight heavy warmbloods and draught horses, three mares and five geldings, with the median age of 16 years (min. = 13y, max. = 22y). During this period no wolf was recorded at pasture 2, but wild boar several times, whereas at pasture 1, wolves were recorded 89 times, and for the wildlife mostly hare. Wolves may have avoided pasture 2 because of the presence of wild boar or because the large group of older, heavy breed horses may have formed a stable, protective group. The latter needs to be confirmed in a follow-up field observation, which records anti-predator behavior and welfare indicators in horses. In conclusion, wolves did not attack the mature horses on pastures with plenty of wildlife and the horses did not respond to the presence of wolves with visible signs of reduced welfare or panic. This indicates that wolves may prefer to prey on easily accessible wildlife around and at horse pastures and that Central European horses become accustom to the presence of non-hunting wolves. |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6708 |
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| Author |
Capitani, C.; Chynoweth, M.; Kusak, J.; Çoban, E.; Sekercioglu, Ç.H. |
| Title |
Wolf diet in an agricultural landscape of north-eastern Turkey |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Mammalia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mammalia |
| Volume |
80 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
329-334 |
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Mammalia |
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80 |
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3 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6687 |
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| Author |
Reinhardt, I.; Kluth, G.; Balzer, S.; Steyer, K. |
| Title |
Wolfsverursachte Schäden, Präventions- und Ausgleichszahlungen in Deutschland 2021 |
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| Year |
2022 |
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41 |
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DBBW-Dokumentations- und Beratungsstelle des Bundes zum Thema Wolf |
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Görlitz, Deutschland |
Editor |
Markus Ritz |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6684 |
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| Author |
Wotschikowsky, U. |
| Title |
Wölfe und Jäger in der Oberlausitz |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Broschüre, Freundeskreis freilebender Wölfe |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6691 |
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Holzapfel, M.; Wagner, C.; Kluth, G. et al. |
| Title |
Zur Nahrungsökologie der Wölfe (Canis lupus) in Deutschland. |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
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Beiträge zur Jagd- und Wildforschung |
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36 |
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117-128 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6690 |
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