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| Author | Dall, Sasha R. X; Houston, Alasdair I.; McNamara, John M. | ||||
Title  |
The behavioural ecology of personality: consistent individual differences from an adaptive perspective | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Ecology Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Ecol. Letters |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | Pages | 734-739 | |
| Keywords | Adaptive individual differences, behavioural ecology, behavioural syndromes, evolutionary game theory, life history strategies, personality differences, state-dependent dynamic programming | ||||
| Abstract | Individual humans, and members of diverse other species, show consistent differences in aggressiveness, shyness, sociability and activity. Such intraspecific differences in behaviour have been widely assumed to be non-adaptive variation surrounding (possibly) adaptive population-average behaviour. Nevertheless, in keeping with recent calls to apply Darwinian reasoning to ever-finer scales of biological variation, we sketch the fundamentals of an adaptive theory of consistent individual differences in behaviour. Our thesis is based on the notion that such .personality differences. can be selected for if fitness payoffs are dependent on both the frequencies with which competing strategies are played and an individual`s behavioural history. To this end, we review existing models that illustrate this and propose a game theoretic approach to analyzing personality differences that is both dynamic and state-dependent. Our motivation is to provide insights into the evolution and maintenance of an apparently common animal trait: personality, which has far reaching ecological and evolutionary implications. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 494 | ||
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| Author | Barker, S.C. | ||||
| Title |
The Australian paralysis tick may be the missing link in the transmission of Hendra virus from bats to horses to humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Medical Hypotheses | Abbreviated Journal | Med Hypotheses |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 481-483 |
| Keywords | Animals; Chiroptera; *Disease Transmission; Ecology; Hendra Virus/*pathogenicity; Horses; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Ticks/*virology | ||||
| Abstract | Hendra virus is a new virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. This virus was first detected in Queensland, Australia, in 1994; although, it seems that the virus has infected fruit-eating bats (flying-foxes) for a very long time. At least 2 humans and 15 horses have been killed by this virus since it first emerged as a virus that may infect mammals other than flying-foxes. Hendra virus is thought to have moved from flying-foxes to horses, and then from horses to people. There is a reasonably strong hypothesis for horse-to-human transmission: transmission of virus via nasal discharge, saliva and/or urine. In contrast, there is no strong hypothesis for flying-fox-to-human transmission. I present evidence that the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus, which has apparently only recently become a parasite of flying-foxes, may transmit Hendra virus and perhaps related viruses from flying-foxes to horses and other mammals. | ||||
| Address | Department of Microbiology and Parisitology, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, ARC Special Research Center for Functional and Applied Genomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. s.barker@imb.uq.edu.au | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0306-9877 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12615503 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2641 | ||
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| Author | Matsuzawa, T. | ||||
| Title |
The Ai project: historical and ecological contexts | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 199-211 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Culture; Discrimination Learning; Ecology; Female; History, 20th Century; Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Research/history | ||||
| Abstract | This paper aims to review a long-term research project exploring the chimpanzee mind within historical and ecological contexts. The Ai project began in 1978 and was directly inspired by preceding ape-language studies conducted in Western countries. However, in contrast with the latter, it has focused on the perceptual and cognitive capabilities of chimpanzees rather than communicative skills between humans and chimpanzees. In the original setting, a single chimpanzee faced a computer-controlled apparatus and performed various kinds of matching-to-sample discrimination tasks. Questions regarding the chimpanzee mind can be traced back to Wolfgang Koehler's work in the early part of the 20th century. Yet, Japan has its unique natural and cultural background: it is home to an indigenous primate species, the Japanese snow monkey. This fact has contributed to the emergence of two previous projects in the wild led by the late Kinji Imanishi and his students. First, the Koshima monkey project began in 1948 and became famous for its discovery of the cultural propagation of sweet-potato washing behavior. Second, pioneering work in Africa, starting in 1958, aimed to study great apes in their natural habitat. Thanks to the influence of these intellectual ancestors, the present author also undertook the field study of chimpanzees in the wild, focusing on tool manufacture and use. This work has demonstrated the importance of social and ecological perspectives even for the study of the mind. Combining experimental approaches with a field setting, the Ai project continues to explore cognition and behavior in chimpanzees, while its focus has shifted from the study of a single subject toward that of the community as a whole. | ||||
| Address | Section of Language and Intelligence, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan. matsuzaw@pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:14566577 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2552 | ||
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| Author | Iwuala, M.O.; Okpala, I. | ||||
| Title |
Studies on the ectoparasitic fauna of Nigerian livestock II: Seasonal infestation rates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. Bulletin des Sante et Production Animales en Afrique | Abbreviated Journal | Bull Anim Health Prod Afr |
| Volume | 26 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 351-359 |
| Keywords | Animal Diseases/*epidemiology; Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/*veterinary; Goats; Horses; Nigeria; Seasons; Sheep; Swine | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0378-9721 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:756759 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2695 | ||
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| Author | Iwuala, M.O.; Okpala, I. | ||||
| Title |
Studies on the ectoparasitic fauna of Nigerian livestock I: Types and distribution patterns on hosts' | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. Bulletin des Sante et Production Animales en Afrique | Abbreviated Journal | Bull Anim Health Prod Afr |
| Volume | 26 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 339-350 |
| Keywords | Animal Diseases/*epidemiology; Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/*veterinary; Goats; Horses; Nigeria; Sheep; Swine | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0378-9721 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:756758 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2696 | ||
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| Author | Yamada, T.; Rojanasuphot, S.; Takagi, M.; Wungkobkiat, S.; Hirota, T. | ||||
| Title |
Studies on an epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in the northern region of Thailand in 1969 and 1970 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Biken Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Biken J |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 267-296 |
| Keywords | Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Arboviruses/immunology; Buffaloes; Cattle; Chickens; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Reactions; Culicidae; Dengue Virus/immunology; Disease Outbreaks; Ducks; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis, Japanese/cerebrospinal fluid/*epidemiology/immunology/microbiology/mortality; Female; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Infant; Male; Mice; Neutralization Tests; Swine; Thailand | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0006-2324 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4400462 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2728 | ||
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| Author | Polley, L. | ||||
| Title |
Strongylid parasites of horses: experimental ecology of the free-living stages on the Canadian prairie | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1686-1693 |
| Keywords | Animals; Canada; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/parasitology; Horses; Larva; Ovum/cytology; Seasons; Strongyloides/isolation & purification; Strongyloidiasis/epidemiology/*veterinary | ||||
| Abstract | Each month for a 1-year period (October through September), equine fecal masses containing eggs of strongylid nematodes were placed outdoors on small grass plots in Saskatchewan, Canada. Thereafter, feces and grass from the plots were sampled after intervals of 1 week or longer, and the strongylid eggs and larvae recovered were counted. These observations were made over a 2-year period. Development of eggs to infective larvae occurred in all experiments, except those established in October, December, and January. Infective larvae from experiments set up in April through September survived that winter. During the summer, there was a gradual build up of infective larvae in the fecal masses, which reached a peak in August and September and then decreased into the winter. These results are discussed in the context of the control of strongylid parasites of horses on the Canadian prairie and in other areas of the world with a similar climate and similar horse management practices. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:3752676 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2682 | ||
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| Author | Clark, T.B.; Peterson, B.V.; Whitcomb, R.F.; Henegar, R.B.; Hackett, K.J.; Tully, J.G. | ||||
| Title |
Spiroplasmas in the Tabanidae | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1984 | Publication | Israel Journal of Medical Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Isr J Med Sci |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1002-1005 |
| Keywords | Animals; Diptera/*microbiology/ultrastructure; Ecology; Female; Hemolymph/microbiology; Male; Maryland; North Carolina; Plants/microbiology; Spiroplasma/classification/*isolation & purification/physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Spiroplasmas were observed in seven species of the family Tabanidae (horse flies and deer flies). This is the fifth family of the order Diptera now known to harbor spiroplasmas. Noncultivable spiroplasmas were seen in the hemolymph of three species of the genus Tabanus, and cultivable forms were isolated from the guts of six species in three genera. Isolates from T. calens and T. sulcifrons were serologically similar and closely related to a spiroplasma in the lampyrid beetle, Ellychnia corrusca. These three isolates represent a new serogroup. Isolates from Hybomitra lasiophthalma were related to Group IV strains, while those from T. nigrovittatus and Chrysops sp. both represented new serogroups. At least some tabanids probably acquire spiroplasmas from contaminated flower surfaces. The possibility of vertebrate reservoirs for some tabanid spiroplasmas remains an open question. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-2180 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:6511308 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2687 | ||
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| Author | Griffin, A.S. | ||||
| Title |
Socially acquired predator avoidance: Is it just classical conditioning? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Brain Research Bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | Special Issue:Brain Mechanisms, Cognition and Behaviour in Birds |
| Volume | 76 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 264-271 |
| Keywords | Learning; Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning; Social learning; Ecological specialization; General process theory; Ecology; Predation; Backward conditioning | ||||
| Abstract | Associative learning theories presume the existence of a general purpose learning process, the structure of which does not mirror the demands of any particular learning problem. In contrast, learning scientists working within an Evolutionary Biology tradition believe that learning processes have been shaped by ecological demands. One potential means of exploring how ecology may have modified properties of acquisition is to use associative learning theory as a framework within which to analyse a particular learning phenomenon. Recent work has used this approach to examine whether socially transmitted predator avoidance can be conceptualised as a classical conditioning process in which a novel predator stimulus acts as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and acquires control over an avoidance response after it has become associated with alarm signals of social companions, the unconditioned stimulus (US). I review here a series of studies examining the effect of CS/US presentation timing on the likelihood of acquisition. Results suggest that socially acquired predator avoidance may be less sensitive to forward relationships than traditional classical conditioning paradigms. I make the case that socially acquired predator avoidance is an exciting novel one-trial learning paradigm that could be studied along side fear conditioning. Comparisons between social and non-social learning of danger at both the behavioural and neural level may yield a better understanding of how ecology might shape properties and mechanisms of learning. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0361-9230 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4697 | ||
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| Author | Hanson, R.P.; Trainer, D.O. | ||||
| Title |
Significance of changing ecology on the epidemiology of arboviruses in the United States | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1969 | Publication | Proceedings, Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association | Abbreviated Journal | Proc Annu Meet U S Anim Health Assoc |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | Pages | 291-294 | |
| Keywords | Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Disease Reservoirs; *Ecology; *Encephalitis, Arbovirus; *Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; United States | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0082-8750 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5278181 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2742 | ||
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