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Author Krcmar, S.; Maric, S. openurl 
  Title (up) Analysis of the feeding sites for some horse flies (Diptera, Tabanidae) on a human in Croatia Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Collegium Antropologicum Abbreviated Journal Coll Antropol  
  Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 901-904  
  Keywords Animals; Croatia; *Diptera; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings/*pathology  
  Abstract The landing patterns of horse flies on the human body were observed in Croatia. A total of 386 horse flies belonging to 22 species were sampled. The five most commonly collected species were used in the analysis. The stochastic linear connection is tight among the landings of the species Tabanus bromius, Tabanus maculicornis, Tabanus tergestinus, and Philipomyia graeca on the human body regions (matrix R). The preferred feeding area for these four species was the lower leg, whereas for the species Haematopota pluvialis it was the head and neck. Of the total number of horse flies that landed 44.81% were on the lower leg. Only 0.26% landed on the forearm. Chi-square analysis indicated non random landing patterns on human by these horse flies.  
  Address Department of Biology, University J. J. Strossmayer , Osijek, Croatia. stjepan@ffos.hr  
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  ISSN 0350-6134 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:17243567 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1837  
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Author Hildebrand M, openurl 
  Title (up) Analysis of the symmetrial gaits of tetrapods Type Journal Article
  Year 1966 Publication Abbreviated Journal Folia Biotheoretica  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1186  
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Author Whitehead , H. openurl 
  Title (up) Analyzing Animal Societies. Quantitative Methods for Vertebrate Social Analysis Type Book Whole
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
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  Publisher University of Chicago Press Place of Publication chicago Editor  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes EAN: 9780226895246 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5838  
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Author Touma, C.; Palme, R.; Sachser, N. openurl 
  Title (up) Analyzing corticosterone metabolites in fecal samples of mice: a noninvasive technique to monitor stress hormones Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Hormones and Behavior Abbreviated Journal Horm Behav  
  Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 10-22  
  Keywords Adrenal Cortex/drug effects; Adrenal Cortex Function Tests; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Corticosterone/*analysis/metabolism; Dexamethasone/pharmacology; Feces/*chemistry; Female; Immunoenzyme Techniques/*methods; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Animal; Reproducibility of Results; Stress, Psychological/*metabolism  
  Abstract In small animals like mice, the monitoring of endocrine functions over time is constrained seriously by the adverse effects of blood sampling. Therefore, noninvasive techniques to monitor, for example, stress hormones in these animals are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. The aim of our study was to evaluate the biological relevance of a recently developed technique to monitor stress hormone metabolites in fecal samples of laboratory mice. In total, six experiments were performed using six male and six female mice each. Two adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge tests, two dexamethasone (Dex) suppression tests and two control experiments [investigating effects of the injection procedure itself and the diurnal variation (DV) of glucocorticoids (GCs), respectively] were conducted. The experiments clearly demonstrated that pharmacological stimulation and suppression of adrenocortical activity was reflected accurately by means of corticosterone metabolite (CM) measurements in the feces of males and females. Furthermore, the technique proved sensitive enough to detect dosage-dependent effects of the ACTH/Dex treatment and facilitated to reveal profound effects of the injection procedure itself. Even the naturally occurring DV of GCs could be monitored reliably. Thus, our results confirm that measurement of fecal CM with the recently established 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one enzyme immunoassay is a very powerful tool to monitor adrenocortical activity in laboratory mice. Since mice represent the vast majority of all rodents used for research worldwide and the number of transgenic and knockout mice utilized as animal models is still increasing, this noninvasive technique can open new perspectives in biomedical and behavioral science.  
  Address Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany. touma@uni-muenster.de  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0018-506X ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:14733887 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4084  
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Author Hinde, R.A. openurl 
  Title (up) Analyzing the roles of the partners in a behavioral interaction--mother-infant relations in rhesus macaques Type Journal Article
  Year 1969 Publication Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci  
  Volume 159 Issue 3 Pages 651-667  
  Keywords Age Factors; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Group Processes; Haplorhini; Leadership; Maternal Deprivation; *Mother-Child Relations; *Role; Time Factors  
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  ISSN 0077-8923 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:4981882 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2054  
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Author MacFadden, B.J.; Solounias, N.; Cerling, T.E. openurl 
  Title (up) Ancient diets, ecology, and extinction of 5-million-year-Old horses from florida Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 283 Issue 5403 Pages 824-827  
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  Abstract Six sympatric species of 5-million-year-old (late Hemphillian) horses from Florida existed during a time of major global change and extinction in terrestrial ecosystems. Traditionally, these horses were interpreted to have fed on abrasive grasses because of their high-crowned teeth. However, carbon isotopic and tooth microwear data indicate that these horses were not all C4 grazers but also included mixed feeders and C3 browsers. The late Hemphillian Florida sister species of the modern genus Equus was principally a browser, unlike the grazing diet of modern equids. Late Hemphillian horse extinctions in Florida involved two grazing and one browsing species.  
  Address Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. Department of Anatomy, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA. Department of Geology  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1095-9203 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:9933161 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2652  
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Author Gaunitz, C.; Fages, A.; Hanghøj, K.; Albrechtsen, A.; Khan, N.; Schubert, M.; Seguin-Orlando, A.; Owens, I.J.; Felkel, S.; Bignon-Lau, O.; de Barros Damgaard, P.; Mittnik, A.; Mohaseb, A.F.; Davoudi, H.; Alquraishi, S.; Alfarhan, A.H.; Al-Rasheid, K.A.S.; Crubézy, E.; Benecke, N.; Olsen, S.; Brown, D.; Anthony, D.; Massy, K.; Pitulko, V.; Kasparov, A.; Brem, G.; Hofreiter, M.; Mukhtarova, G.; Baimukhanov, N.; Lõugas, L.; Onar, V.; Stockhammer, P.W.; Krause, J.; Boldgiv, B.; Undrakhbold, S.; Erdenebaatar, D.; Lepetz, S.; Mashkour, M.; Ludwig, A.; Wallner, B.; Merz, V.; Merz, I.; Zaibert, V.; Willerslev, E.; Librado, P.; Outram, A.K.; Orlando, L. doi  openurl
  Title (up) Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 360 Issue 6384 Pages 111-114  
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  Abstract The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5,500 ya, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient and modern horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4,000 ya to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ knut @ Serial 6212  
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Author Phillips, A. openurl 
  Title (up) Ancient Israel's Criminal Law Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1970 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4930  
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Author ANGLE M, et al openurl 
  Title (up) Androgenes in feral stallions Type Conference Volume
  Year 1979 Publication Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 31-38  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Laramie Editor  
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  Notes from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 641  
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Author Turner, J.W.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. openurl 
  Title (up) Androgens, behaviour and fertility control in feral stallions Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil Suppl  
  Volume 32 Issue Pages 79-87  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild; Copulation/drug effects; Female; *Fertility/drug effects; Horses/*physiology; Male; Periodicity; Pregnancy; Seasons; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Sexual Maturation; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility/drug effects; Testosterone/*blood/pharmacology  
  Abstract This field study of feral stallions in Montana and Idaho examines and correlates the seasonal pattern of plasma androgens and specific sociosexual behaviour and reports the effect of a long-acting androgenic steroid on this behaviour and on fertility. Plasma testosterone was measured by competitive protein binding assay in samples obtained by jugular venepuncture from captured animals. In samples taken from 34 sexually mature stallions in 6 different months during the year, a definite seasonal pattern in testosterone was present, with a peak in May (3.04 +/- 0.63 ng/ml) and a nadir in December (1.55 +/- 0.34 ng/ml). Values were less than 2.0 ng/ml in non-breeding months and greater than 2.4 ng/ml in breeding months. Behavioural endpoints measured were (1) stallion scent marking in response to elimination by mares (elimination marking), (2) mounting and (3) copulation. The frequencies of each of these endpoints followed closely the seasonal pattern seen for plasma androgens. In the fertility study microcapsulated testosterone propionate (microTP) was administered i.m. to 10 harem stud stallions 3 months before the 1980 breeding season. In these stallions and in 10 control harem studs, the above behavioural endpoints were examined in the 1980 and 1981 breeding seasons, and foal counts were made in 1981. There were no direct inhibitory or stimulatory effects of microTP treatment on any of the behavioural endpoints in either year. In 1981 foals were produced in 87.5% of the control bands and 28.4% of the microTP-treated bands. These results indicate that microencapsulated testosterone propionate can provide effective fertility control in feral horses without causing significant alterations in sociosexual behaviour.  
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  ISSN 0449-3087 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:6962905 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 138  
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