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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. doi  openurl
  Title (up) Signalers and receivers in animal communication Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Annual review of psychology Abbreviated Journal Annu Rev Psychol  
  Volume 54 Issue Pages 145-173  
  Keywords Affect; *Animal Communication; Animals; Arousal; Auditory Perception; Motivation; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal  
  Abstract In animal communication natural selection favors callers who vocalize to affect the behavior of listeners and listeners who acquire information from vocalizations, using this information to represent their environment. The acquisition of information in the wild is similar to the learning that occurs in laboratory conditioning experiments. It also has some parallels with language. The dichotomous view that animal signals must be either referential or emotional is false, because they can easily be both: The mechanisms that cause a signaler to vocalize do not limit a listener's ability to extract information from the call. The inability of most animals to recognize the mental states of others distinguishes animal communication most clearly from human language. Whereas signalers may vocalize to change a listener's behavior, they do not call to inform others. Listeners acquire information from signalers who do not, in the human sense, intend to provide it.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0066-4308 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12359915 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 690  
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Author Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M isbn  openurl
  Title (up) Social and non.social knowledge in vervet monkeys Type Book Chapter
  Year 1988 Publication Machiavellian Intelligence Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 255-270  
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  Publisher Oxford Univ Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor  
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  ISSN ISBN 0-19-852175-8 Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Byrne+Whiten1988 Serial 4787  
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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. url  openurl
  Title (up) Social Awareness in Monkeys Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Amer. Zool. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 40 Issue 6 Pages 902-909  
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  Abstract Tests of self-awareness in nonhuman primates have to date been concerned almost entirely with the recognition of an animal's reflection in a mirror. By contrast, we know much less about non-human primates' perception of their place within a social network, or of their understanding of themselves as individuals with unique sets of social relationships. Here we review evidence that monkeys who fail the mirror test may nonetheless behave as if they recognize themselves as distinct individuals, each of whom occupies a unique place in society and has a specific set of relations with others. A free-ranging vervet monkey, baboon, or macaque recognizes other members of his group as individuals. He also recognizes matrilineal kin groups, linear dominance rank orders, and behaves as if he recognizes his own unique place within them. This sense of “social self” in monkeys, however, is markedly different from self-awareness in humans. Although monkeys may behave in ways that accurately place themselves within a social network, they are unaware of the knowledge that allows them to do so: they do not know what they know, cannot reflect on what they know, and cannot become the object of their own attention.  
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  Notes 10.1093/icb/40.6.902 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4934  
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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Social cognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 103 Issue Pages 191-202  
  Keywords evolution; fitness; future research; personality; selective pressure; skill; social cognition  
  Abstract The social intelligence hypothesis argues that competition and cooperation among individuals have shaped the evolution of cognition in animals. What do we mean by social cognition? Here we suggest that the building blocks of social cognition are a suite of skills, ordered roughly according to the cognitive demands they place upon individuals. These skills allow an animal to recognize others by various means; to recognize and remember other animals' relationships; and, perhaps, to attribute mental states to them. Some skills are elementary and virtually ubiquitous in the animal kingdom; others are more limited in their taxonomic distribution. We treat these skills as the targets of selection, and assume that more complex levels of social cognition evolve only when simpler methods are inadequate. As a result, more complex levels of social cognition indicate greater selective pressures in the past. The presence of each skill can be tested directly through field observations and experiments. In addition, the same methods that have been used to compare social cognition across species can also be used to measure individual differences within species and to test the hypothesis that individual differences in social cognition are linked to differences in reproductive success.  
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  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6025  
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Author Manser, M.B.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. openurl 
  Title (up) Suricate alarm calls signal predator class and urgency Type
  Year 2002 Publication Trends in Cognitive Sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends. Cognit. Sci.  
  Volume 6 Issue 2 Pages 55-57  
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  ISSN 1364-6613 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:15866180 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 686  
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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. openurl 
  Title (up) The acoustic features of vervet monkey grunts Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Abbreviated Journal J Acoust Soc Am  
  Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages 1623-1628  
  Keywords *Acoustics; Animals; Auditory Perception; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; Cues; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Male; Social Behavior; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal  
  Abstract East African vervet monkeys give short (125 ms), harsh-sounding grunts to each other in a variety of social situations: when approaching a dominant or subordinate member of their group, when moving into a new area of their range, or upon seeing another group. Although all these vocalizations sound similar to humans, field playback experiments have shown that the monkeys distinguish at least four different calls. Acoustic analysis reveals that grunts have an aperiodic F0, at roughly 240 Hz. Most grunts exhibit a spectral peak close to this irregular F0. Grunts may also contain a second, rising or falling frequency peak, between 550 and 900 Hz. The location and changes in these two frequency peaks are the cues most likely to be used by vervets when distinguishing different grunt types.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0001-4966 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:6736426 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 703  
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Author Owren, M.J.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. openurl 
  Title (up) The acoustic features of vowel-like grunt calls in chacma baboons (Papio cyncephalus ursinus): implications for production processes and functions Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Abbreviated Journal J Acoust Soc Am  
  Volume 101 Issue 5 Pt 1 Pages 2951-2963  
  Keywords Animals; Female; *Papio; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal  
  Abstract The acoustic features of 216 baboon grunts were investigated through analysis of field-recorded calls produced by identified females in known contexts. Analyses addressed two distinct questions: whether the acoustic features of these tonal sounds could be characterized using a source-filter approach and whether the acoustic features of grunts varied by individual caller and social context. Converging evidence indicated that grunts were produced through a combination of periodic laryngeal vibration and a stable vocal tract filter. Their acoustic properties closely resembled those of prototypical human vowel sounds. In general, variation in the acoustic features of the grunts was more strongly related to caller identity than to the social contexts of calling. However, two acoustic parameters, second formant frequency and overall spectral tilt, did vary consistently depending on whether the caller was interacting with an infant or participating in a group move. Nonetheless, in accordance with the general view that identity cueing is a compelling function in animal communication, it can be concluded that much of the observed variability in grunt acoustics is likely to be related to this aspect of signaling. Further, cues related to vocal tract filtering appear particularly likely to play an important role in identifying individual calling animals.  
  Address Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, USA. michael.owren@reed.edu  
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  ISSN 0001-4966 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:9165741 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 698  
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Author Palombit,R.A.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. doi  openurl
  Title (up) The adaptive value of 'friendships' to female baboons: experimental and observational evidence Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 599-614  
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  Abstract Lactating female baboons, Papio cynocephalusoften maintain close associations with particular males. There are at least three proposed benefits of 'friendships' to females: (1) male protection against potentially infanticidal males; (2) male protection against harassment by dominant females; (3) male attachment to an infant that develops into future care of juveniles. These hypotheses were examined in a population of chacma baboons, P. c. ursinusin which male infanticide accounted for at least 38% of infant mortality. Almost all mothers of young infants formed strong bonds with one or two males with whom they had copulated during the cycle in which they conceived their infants. Females were primarily responsible for maintaining friendships during lactation, but they terminated these relationships if their infants died. In playbacks of females' screams, male friends responded more strongly than control males. They also responded more strongly to the screams of female friends than to the screams of control females. Following an infant's death, however, male friends responded less strongly than control males to the same females' screams. Finally, male friends responded more strongly than control males to playback sequences in which female screams were combined with the threat vocalizations of a potentially infanticidal alpha male, but not when female screams were combined with the threat calls of a non-infanticidal male or the alpha female. Both observations and experiments suggest that the benefits of friendships to females derive from the protection of their infants against infanticide.1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:9299045 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 697  
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Author Rendall, D.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.; Owren, M.J. doi  openurl
  Title (up) The meaning and function of grunt variants in baboons Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 583-592  
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  Abstract Wild baboons Papio cynocephalus ursinus, give tonal, harmonically rich vocalizations, termed grunts, in at least two distinct, behavioural contexts: when about to embark on a move across an open area ('move' grunts); and when approaching mothers and attempting to inspect or handle their young infants ('infant' grunts). Grunts in these two contexts elicit different responses from receivers and appear to be acoustically distinct (Owren et al. 1997 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America101 2951-2963). Differences in responses to grunts in the two contexts may, then, be due to acoustic differences, reflecting at least a rudimentary capacity for referential signalling. Alternatively, responses may differ simply due to differences in the contexts in which the grunts are being produced. We conducted playback experiments to test between these hypotheses. Experiments were designed to control systematically the effects of both context and acoustic features so as to evaluate the role of each in determining responses to grunts. In playback trials, subjects differentiated between putative move and infant grunts. Their responses based only on the acoustic features of grunts were functionally distinct and mirrored their behaviour to naturally occurring move and infant grunts. However, subjects' responses were in some cases also affected by the context in which grunts were presented, and by an interaction between the context and the acoustic features of the grunts. Furthermore, responses to grunts were affected by the relative rank difference between the caller and the subject. These results indicate that baboon grunts can function in rudimentary referential fashion, but that the context in which grunts are produced and the social identity of callers can also affect recipients' responses. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.  
  Address Departments of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, U.S.A  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:10196047 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 696  
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Author Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. openurl 
  Title (up) The recognition of social alliances among vervet monkeys Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 34 Issue Pages 1722-1731  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4864  
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