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Author Myslajek, R.W.; Tracz, M.; Tracz, M.; Tomczak, P.; Szewczyk, M.; Niedzwiecka, N.; Nowak, S.
Title (down) Spatial organization in wolves Canis lupus recolonizing north-west Poland: Large territories at low population density Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Mammalian Biology Abbreviated Journal Mamm. Biol.
Volume 92 Issue Pages 37-44
Keywords Wolf recovery; Spatial organization; GPS/GSM telemetry; Central European wolf population
Abstract Monitoring of the wolf Canis lupus is a demanding task as it lives in low densities, utilizes vast home ranges and disperses over large areas. These factors make obtaining accurate data about population parameters over the whole distribution area of the species impossible. Thus detailed local studies on socio-spatial organization are essential to calibrate information obtained over a larger area. We applied GPS/GSM telemetry, non-invasive genetic sampling, year-round tracking, camera trapping and howling stimulations to determine the number of family groups, population density and home-range sizes of wolves in the Drawa Forest (DF, western Poland, 2500 km2), an area recently recolonized by the species. Home ranges of three collared male wolves ranged from 321.8 to 420.6 km2 (MCP 100%) and from 187.5 to 277.5 km2 (Kernel 95%), but core areas had a size of 30.5-84.7 km2 (MCP50%) and 35.0-88.8 km2 (Kernel 50%). Mean near neighbour distance between centres of 6 tracked pack homesites was 15.3 km. The number of wolves in DF increased from 14 individuals in 2013/2014 to 30 in 2016/2017. The annual rate of increase varied from 43% in 2014/2015 to 7% in the final year. Population density for the whole study area was relatively low (1.2 indiv./100 km2 in 2016/2017), but densities within territories of two packs studied with telemetry were 1.9 and 1.5 indiv./100 km2. Mean pack size varied between 3.5 and 5.6 individuals, with the largest pack comprising 8 wolves. Mean number of pups observed in summers (June-August) was 4.5. Differences in home range sizes between wolves in western and eastern Poland indicate that results of regional studies cannot be freely extrapolated despite close genetic relationships. Thus, decisions related to management of wolf habitats should be based on intensive local studies.
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ISSN 1616-5047 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6503
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Author Klingel, H.
Title (down) Sozial Organisation und Verhaltensweisen von Hartmann- und Bergzebras (Equus zebra hartmannae und E. z. zebra). Type Journal Article
Year 1968 Publication Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie Abbreviated Journal Z. Tierpsychol.
Volume 25 Issue Pages 76-88
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2163
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Author Ward, A; Webster, M.
Title (down) Sociality: The Behaviour of Group-Living Animals Type Book Whole
Year 2016 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Abstract Covers the aspects of social behaviour of animals in comprehensive form Provides a clear overview to up-to-date empirical and theoretical research on social animal behaviour

Discusses collective animal behaviour, social networks and animal personality in detail

The last decade has seen a surge of interest among biologists in a range of social animal phenomena, including collective behaviour and social networks. In ‘Animal Social Behaviour’, authors Ashley Ward and Michael Webster integrate the most up-to-date empirical and theoretical research to provide a new synthesis of the field, which is aimed at fellow researchers and postgraduate students on the topic. &#8203;
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6156
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Author van de Waal, E.; Bshary, R.
Title (down) Social-learning abilities of wild vervet monkeys in a two-step task artificial fruit experiment Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Anim Behav Abbreviated Journal
Volume 81 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ van de Waal2011 Serial 6262
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Author Russell, C.L.; Bard, K.A.; Adamson, L.B.
Title (down) Social referencing by young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal J. Comp. Psychol.
Volume 111 Issue 2 Pages 185-191
Keywords happy & fear messages concerning novel objects from familiar human caregiver, social referencing, 14–41 mo old chimpanzees
Abstract Social referencing is the seeking of information from another individual and the use of that information to evaluate a situation. It is a well-documented ability in human infants but has not been studied experimentally in nonhuman primates. Seventeen young nursery-reared chimpanzees (14 to 41 months old) were observed in a standard social referencing paradigm in which they received happy and fear messages concerning novel objects from a familiar human caregiver. Each chimpanzee looked referentially at their caregiver, and the emotional messages that they received differentially influenced their gaze behavior and avoidance of the novel objects. It is concluded that chimpanzees can acquire information about their complex social and physical environments through social referencing and can use emotional information to alter their own behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
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Publisher US: American Psychological Association Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1997-06365-008 Serial 5603
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Author Hoppitt, W.; Laland, K.N.
Title (down) Social processes influencing learning in animals: a review of the evidence Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Adv Study Behav Abbreviated Journal
Volume 38 Issue Pages 105-165
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hoppitt2008 Serial 6260
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Author Liedtke, J.; Schneider, J.M.
Title (down) Social makes smart: rearing conditions affect learning and social behaviour in jumping spiders Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
Volume 20 Issue 6 Pages 1093-1106
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Abstract There is a long-standing debate as to whether social or physical environmental aspects drive the evolution and development of cognitive abilities. Surprisingly few studies make use of developmental plasticity to compare the effects of these two domains during development on behaviour later in life. Here, we present rearing effects on the development of learning abilities and social behaviour in the jumping spider Marpissa muscosa. These spiders are ideally suited for this purpose because they possess the ability to learn and can be reared in groups but also in isolation without added stress. This is a critical but rarely met requirement for experimentally varying the social environment to test its impact on cognition. We split broods of spiders and reared them either in a physically or in a socially enriched environment. A third group kept under completely deprived conditions served as a 'no-enrichment' control. We tested the spiders' learning abilities by using a modified T-maze. Social behaviour was investigated by confronting spiders with their own mirror image. Results show that spiders reared in groups outperform their conspecifics from the control, i.e. 'no-enrichment', group in both tasks. Physical enrichment did not lead to such an increased performance. We therefore tentatively suggest that growing up in contact with conspecifics induces the development of cognitive abilities in this species.
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ISSN 1435-9456 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Liedtke2017 Serial 6191
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Author Sato, S.; Sako, S.; Maeda, A.
Title (down) Social licking patterns in cattle (<em>Bos taurus</em>): influence of environmental and social factors Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Applied Animal Behaviour Science
Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 3-12
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Abstract To investigate the functions of social licking in cattle, four calves (one heifer and one steer in each of two herds), known to exhibit frequent social licking were observed continuously for 2 h before sunset for 13 days, using the focal animal sampling method. Calves were observed under various environmental conditions. Social licking significantly decreased on rainy days and tended to increase in a dirty barn and when food was restricted. Solicitation for social licking occurred not only from dominant animals of pairs but also from subordinates. Of the licking interactions, 31% occurred following solicitation, and these accounted for 39% of the total time spent licking. Following solicitation, 78% of social licking was oriented to the head and the neck regions that were inaccessible to self-licking animals. Unsolicited licking, however, was oriented not only to the head and the neck but also to the back and the rump regions, and these two latter regions were the major ones to receive licking. The effect of social relationships on social licking was investigated using least-squares analysis of variance. Social factors investigated were the difference of dominance values, the dominance-subordinance relationship, and kinship and familiarity; the sex of calves involved was also considered. Only familiarity had a significant effect on licking; exchanges of social licking increased with length of cohabitation. We suggest that social licking may have a cleaning effect, a tension-reducing effect and a bonding effect.
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Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
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Notes doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80158-3 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6409
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Author Sato, S.
Title (down) Social licking pattern and its relationships to social dominance and live weight gain in weaned calves Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 25-32
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Abstract Social licking patterns of heifer and steer herds were observed and recorded during periods of resting and intermittent feeding. The results revealed the following features: (1) heifers and steers had 15.0 and 15.2 social licking interactions per hour which lasted for 37.8 and 41.0 s on average, respectively. The average time an animal spent licking was about 25 s per hour; (2) all the animals in the herds were licked by others, but only 72.3% of the animals licked other animals; (3) the animals close in the social hierarchy tended to lick each other for a longer time than did remote animals; (4) the time receiving l licking and weight gain tended to be positively correlated. The observations suggest that (1) the motivation of giving licking may be individual-specific and may be influenced by genetic factors, while that of receiving licking appears to be general, and that (2) social licking may mean not only cleaning the skin and hair of a passive partner, but also leading it to psychological stability.
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Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
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Notes doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(84)90093-5 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6407
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Author Webster, M.M.; Laland, K.N.
Title (down) Social learning strategies and predation risk: minnows copy only when using private information would be costly Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Proc Biol Sci Abbreviated Journal Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B
Volume 275 Issue 1653 Pages 2869-2876
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Abstract Animals can acquire information from the environment privately, by sampling it directly, or socially, through learning from others. Generally, private information is more accurate, but expensive to acquire, while social information is cheaper but less reliable. Accordingly, the 'costly information hypothesis' predicts that individuals will use private information when the costs associated with doing so are low, but that they should increasingly use social information as the costs of using private information rise. While consistent with considerable data, this theory has yet to be directly tested in a satisfactory manner. We tested this hypothesis by giving minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) a choice between socially demonstrated and non-demonstrated prey patches under conditions of low, indirect and high simulated predation risk. Subjects had no experience (experiment 1) or prior private information that conflicted with the social information provided by the demonstrators (experiment 2). In both experiments, subjects spent more time in the demonstrated patch than in the non-demonstrated patch, and in experiment 1 made fewer switches between patches, when risk was high compared with when it was low. These findings are consistent with the predictions of the costly information hypothesis, and imply that minnows adopt a 'copy-when-asocial-learning-is-costly' learning strategy.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6196
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