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Svobodová, I.; Chaloupková, H.; Koncel, R.; Bartoš, L.; Hradecká, L.; Jebavý, L.š |
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Title  |
Cortisol and Secretory Immunoglobulin A Response to Stress in German Shepherd Dogs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e90820 EP - |
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<p>The aim of the study was to determine whether cortisol and secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) could be used as an indicator of acute stress in both young and adult dogs. Seventeen German shepherd puppies were exposed to the Puppy test (challenge test) at the age of seven weeks. This test has been routinely used to assess the future working ability of potential police dogs. In addition, ten adult females were subjected to 4 minutes of defense training under stressful conditions. Saliva was collected from the puppies and adult females before testing and 20 minutes after the start of testing, using a cotton swab held for 1–2 minutes in each dog's mouth. Cortisol concentrations increased after the test compared to the control sample both in puppies and the adult females. However adult females showed a significant decrease in sIgA after defense training while puppies showed a tendency of increase in sIgA. We propose that salivary cortisol could be used as an indicator of stress in puppies during early ontogeny. It is not yet clear whether sIgA could be used as a useful indicator of short-term stress in dogs.</p> |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5919 |
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Author |
Svobodová, I.; Chaloupková, H.; Kon?el, R.; Barto?, L.?k; Hradecká, L.; Jebavý, L.? |
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Title |
Cortisol and Secretory Immunoglobulin A Response to Stress in German Shepherd Dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
9 |
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3 |
Pages |
e90820 |
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Abstract |
<p>The aim of the study was to determine whether cortisol and secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) could be used as an indicator of acute stress in both young and adult dogs. Seventeen German shepherd puppies were exposed to the Puppy test (challenge test) at the age of seven weeks. This test has been routinely used to assess the future working ability of potential police dogs. In addition, ten adult females were subjected to 4 minutes of defense training under stressful conditions. Saliva was collected from the puppies and adult females before testing and 20 minutes after the start of testing, using a cotton swab held for 1?2 minutes in each dog's mouth. Cortisol concentrations increased after the test compared to the control sample both in puppies and the adult females. However adult females showed a significant decrease in sIgA after defense training while puppies showed a tendency of increase in sIgA. We propose that salivary cortisol could be used as an indicator of stress in puppies during early ontogeny. It is not yet clear whether sIgA could be used as a useful indicator of short-term stress in dogs.</p> |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5963 |
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Author |
Rumbaugh, D.M.; Riesen, A.H.; Wright, S.C. |
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Title |
Creative responsiveness to objects: a report of a pilot study with young apes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
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Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
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Folia Primatol (Basel) |
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17 |
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5 |
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397-403 |
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Animals; *Creativeness; *Hominidae; Pan troglodytes; Play and Playthings; *Problem Solving |
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English |
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0015-5713 |
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PMID:5082622 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4183 |
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Albright, J.D.; Mohammed, H.O.; Heleski, C.R.; Wickens, C.L.; Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Crib-biting in US horses: Breed predispositions and owner perceptions of aetiology |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Equine Veterinary Journal |
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41 |
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5 |
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455-458 |
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Keywords |
HORSE; BEHAVIOUR; CRIB-BITING; BREED PREVALENCE; LEARNING |
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Abstract |
Reasons for performing study: Crib-biting is an equine stereotypy that may result in diseases such as colic. Certain breeds and management factors have been associated.
Objectives: To determine: breed prevalence of crib-biting in US horses; the likelihood that one horse learns to crib-bite from another; and owner perceptions of causal factors.
Methods: An initial postal survey queried the number and breed of crib-biting horses and if a horse began after being exposed to a horse with this habit. In a follow-up survey, a volunteer subset of owners was asked the number of affected and nonaffected horses of each breed and the extent of conspecific contact. The likelihood of crib-biting given breed and extent of contact was quantified using odds ratio (OR) and significance of the association was assessed using the Chi-squared test.
Results: Overall prevalence was 4.4%. Thoroughbreds were the breed most affected (13.3%). Approximately half of owners believed environmental factors predominantly cause the condition (54.4%) and crib-biting is learned by observation (48.8%). However, only 1.0% of horses became affected after being exposed to a crib-biter. The majority (86%) of horses was turned out in the same pasture with other horses and extent of contact with conspecifics was not statistically related to risk.
Conclusion: This is the first study to report breed prevalence for crib-biting in US horses. Thoroughbreds were the breed more likely to be affected. More owners believed either environmental conditions were a predominant cause or a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the behaviour. Only a small number of horses reportedly began to crib-bite after being exposed to an affected individual, but approximately half of owners considered it to be a learned behaviour; most owners did not isolate affected horses.
Potential relevance: Genetic predisposition, not just intensive management conditions and surroundings, may be a factor in the high crib-biting prevalence in some breeds, and warrants further investigation. Little evidence exists to suggest horses learn the behaviour from other horses, and isolation may cause unnecessary stress. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5010 |
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Author |
Duncan, I.J.H. |
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Title |
D.G.M. Wood-Gush Memorial Lecture: An applied ethologist looks at the question “Why?” |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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44 |
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2-4 |
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205-217 |
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Keywords |
Causation; Cognition; Function; Future research; Ontogeny; Phylogeny; States of suffering; Welfare |
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The question “Why does an animal behave as it does?” can be answered in terms of ontogeny, function, phylogeny and causation. The achievements of applied ethology relative to those four approaches are reviewed, gaps in our knowledge are identified and predictions for fruitful avenues of future research are made. Ontogenic studies have been useful in the past and it is suggested that studies of the effects of early experience on the sexual behaviour of animals used in artificial breeding schemes might pay dividends. It is proposed that functional studies should be approached cautiously. More information is required on the process of domestication in order to increase the chances of success in the trend to farm exotic species. Studies on causation are likely to continue to be the mainstay of applied ethological research. It is suggested that within this category, studies on states of suffering, motivation and cognition are urgently required to answer the most pressing questions on animal welfare. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2919 |
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Author |
Karstens, H. |
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Title |
Das Military Pferd |
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1980 |
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Haberbeck |
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Lage |
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German |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4436 |
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Author |
Sambraus, H.H. |
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Title |
Das soziale Lecken des Rindes |
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1969 |
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Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
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Z. Tierpsychol. |
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26 |
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7 |
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805-810 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1439-0310 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5235 |
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Author |
Klingel, H. |
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Title |
Das Verhalten der Pferde (Equidae) |
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Handbook of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Handb. o. Zool. |
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8 |
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10 |
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1-68 |
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Walter De Gruyter |
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Berlin/Newyork |
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German English |
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refbase @ user @ |
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473 |
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Kurtzman H.S.; Church R.M.; Crystal J.D. |
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Title |
Data archiving for animal cognition research: Report of an NIMH workshop |
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2002 |
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Animal Learning & Behavior |
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30 |
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405-412 |
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Gammell, M.P.; de Vries, H.; Jennings, D.J.; Carlin, C.M.; Hayden, T.J. |
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Title |
David's score: a more appropriate dominance ranking method than Clutton-Brock et al.'s index |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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66 |
Issue |
3 |
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601-605 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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453 |
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