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Author |
Rubenstein, D. |
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Title  |
Social Networks: Linking Form with Function in Equid Societies |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 3. International Equine Science Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 3. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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Animal societies develop from interactions and relationships that occur among individuals within populations. The fundamental tenet of behavioral ecology is that ecological factors shape behavior and determine the distribution and associations of individuals on landscapes. As a result, different social systems emerge in different habitats and under different environmental conditions. Since characterizing social systems depends on time and motion studies of individual actions and interactions that are often bilateral, such characterizations are often coarse-grained. If social relationships can be characterized using social networks, however, seemingly similar social organizations often reveal informative differences in terms of deep structure. Thus social network theory should be able to provide insights in to the connections between social form and function. This talk will explore how the network structures of horses, zebras and asses can provide novel insights into the functioning of animal societies with respect to the spread of memes, genes and diseases. |
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Corporate Author |
Rubenstein, D. |
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Xenophon Publishing |
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Wald |
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Krueger, K. |
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Proc. 3. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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in prep |
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978-3-95625-000-2 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5797 |
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Fischhoff, I.R.; Sundaresan, S.R.; Cordingley, J.; Larkin, H.M.; Sellier, M.-J.; Rubenstein, D.I. |
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Title |
Social relationships and reproductive state influence leadership roles in movements of plains zebra, Equus burchellii |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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73 |
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5 |
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825-831 |
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collective movements; drinking; equid; Equus burchellii; foraging; group dynamics; motivation; plains zebra; reproductive status; social relationships |
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Abstract |
In animal groups, collective movements emerge from individual interactions. Biologists seek to identify how characteristics of actors in these groups, and their relationships, influence the decision-making process. We distinguished two basic factors determining leadership in group choices: identity and state. We hypothesized that identity is more important to leadership in groups with stable relationships, which permit the development of habitual roles. In groups with fluid membership, particular individuals or subgroups are less likely to emerge as consistent leaders. Instead, we predicted that movement initiation in unstable groups depends on individual state at the time of the decision. We characterized how identity and reproductive state influenced leadership patterns in the movements of plains zebra. As in many other mammals, lactation in this species significantly alters water and energy needs. We investigated leadership in tightly knit harems and loosely bonded herds of multiple harems. Harem females tended to have habitual roles in the initiation of harem movement. In herds, however, we found no consistent leaders among harems. At both levels of social organization, lactation was a key determinant of leadership. In harems, lactating females were more likely to initiate movement than nonlactating females. In turn, harems containing lactating females were more likely to lead herd movements. Thus, we conclude that social relationships and reproductive state together shape the interactions that produce group behaviours. One benefit to lactating females of leading herd movements is preferential access to scarce water. Thus, leadership roles in group decisions may have fitness consequences. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.092 |
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1825 |
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Author |
Ginsberg, J. R; Rubenstein, D. I. |
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Title |
Sperm competiton and variation in zebra mating behaviour |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
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Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
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Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
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26 |
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6 |
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427-434 |
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Data are presented on the breeding behavior of two zebra species to test whether intra- and interspecific variation in male reproductive behavior and physiology are correlated with differences in female promiscuity. In one species, plains zebra (Equus burchelli) females live in closed membership single male groups and mate monandrously. In the other species, the Grevy's zebra (E. grevyi) females live in groups whose membership is much more temporary. Typically, associations with individual males are brief and mating is polyandrous. However, some females – those having just given birth – reside with one male for long periods, mating monandrously. These differences in female mating behavior generate variability in the potential for sperm competition. We show that behavioral differences in male investment in reproductive activities correlate with the potential for sperm competition. When mating with promiscuous mares, Grevy's zebra stallions made a greater investment in reproductive behavior (calling, mounting, ejaculations) than did stallions of either species when mating with monandrous females. The evolution of large testes size in the Grevy's zebra, when compared to the congeneric plains zebra, horse, and mountain zebra, allows for this increased investment. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1113 |
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Gueron, S.; Levin, S.A.; Rubenstein, D.I. |
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Title |
The Dynamics of Herds: From Individuals to Aggregations |
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1996 |
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Journal of Theoretical Biology |
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J. Theor. Biol. |
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182 |
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1 |
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85-98 |
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The dynamic behavior of small herds is investigated by means of simulations of two-dimensional discrete-stochastic models. An individual-based approach is used to relate collective behavior to individual decisions. In our model, the motion of an individual in a herd is assumed to be the combined result of both density-independent and density-dependent decisions, in the latter case based on the influence of surrounding neighbors; assumed decision rules are hierarchical, balancing short range repulsion against long-range attraction. The probability of fragmentation of the model herd depends on parameter values. We explore the variety and characteristics of spatial patterns that develop during migration, for herds that are homogeneous and heterogeneous regarding intrinsic walking speeds. Group integrity can be maintained even in mixed populations, but fragmentation results for these more easily than for a homogeneous herd. Observations of natural populations suggest that animals move away from individuals that intrude too closely into their environment, but are attracted to individuals at a distance. Between these extremes, there appears to be a neutral zone, within which other individuals engender no response. We explore the importance of this neutral zone, and offer evolutionary interpretations. In particular, the neutral zone, if not too large, permits the individual to remain in contact with the herd, while reducing the frequency with which acceleration or deceleration must be undertaken. This offers obvious energetic benefits. |
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0022-5193 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5253 |
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Author |
Rubenstein, D. I. |
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Title |
The ecology of female social behaviour in horses, zebras and asses |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Societies |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Societies |
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13-28 |
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Kyoto University Press |
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Jarman, P.J.;, Rositter, A. |
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4-87698-014-4 |
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yes |
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1528 |
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Zhang, Y.; Cao, Q.S.; Rubenstein, D.I.; Zang, S.; Songer, M.; Leimgruber, P.; Chu, H.; Cao, J.; Li, K.; Hu, D. |
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Title |
Water Use Patterns of Sympatric Przewalski's Horse and Khulan: Interspecific Comparison Reveals Niche Differences |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Plos One |
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Plos One |
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10 |
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7 |
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e0132094 |
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Acquiring water is essential for all animals, but doing so is most challenging for desert-living animals. Recently Przewalski's horse has been reintroduced to the desert area in China where the last wild surviving member of the species was seen before it vanished from China in the1960s. Its reintroduction placed it within the range of a close evolutionary relative, the con-generic Khulan. Determining whether or not these two species experience competition and whether or not such competition was responsible for the extinction of Przewalski's horses in the wild over 50 years ago, requires identifying the fundamental and realized niches of both species. We remotely monitored the presence of both species at a variety of water points during the dry season in Kalamaili Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Przewalski's horses drank twice per day mostly during daylight hours at low salinity water sources while Khulans drank mostly at night usually at high salinity water points or those far from human residences. Spatial and temporal differences in water use enables coexistence, but suggest that Przewalski's horses also restrict the actions of Khulan. Such differences in both the fundamental and realized niches were associated with differences in physiological tolerances for saline water and human activity as well as differences in aggression and dominance. |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6377 |
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Author |
Rubenstein, D. |
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Title |
Wild Equid Movements: Impacts of Habitat Quality, Predation Pressure and Leadership |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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in press |
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Animals spend much of their lives on the move searching for food, shelter and mates. As long-legged, large bodied species, equids are well suited for traveling long distances. Understanding where free-ranging equids go, why they choose particular locations, some near and some far, and what impact such movements have on patterns of sociality, demography and human livelihoods are only now coming into focus. This talk will explore how bottom-up factors, such as the abundance and distribution of key resources, and top-down factors, such as the type and location of predators, interact to shape overall movement patterns of equids, how leadership roles develop and what outcomes such movements are likely to have on human activities. |
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Corporate Author |
Rubenstein, D. |
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Publisher |
Xenophon Publishing |
Place of Publication |
Wald |
Editor |
Krueger, K. |
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978-3-9808134-26 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5556 |
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