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| Author | Bell, R.H.V. | ||||
Title  |
A grazing ecosystem in the Serengeti | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Scientific American | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Am |
| Volume | 225 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 86-93 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2224 | ||
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| Author | Sibbald, A.M.; Elston, D.A.; Smith, D.J.F.; Erhard, H.W. | ||||
| Title |
A method for assessing the relative sociability of individuals within groups: an example with grazing sheep | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 91 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 57-73 |
| Keywords | Association; Grazing; Nearest neighbour; Sheep; Sociability; Social behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | We describe a method for quantifying relative sociability within a group of animals, which is defined as the tendency to be close to others within the group and based on the identification of nearest neighbours. The method is suitable for groups of animals in which all individuals are visible and identifiable and has application as a tool in other areas of behavioural research. A sociability index (SI) is calculated, which is equivalent to the relative proportion of time that an individual spends as the nearest neighbour of other animals in the group and is scaled to have an expectation of 1.0 under the null hypothesis of random mixing. Associated pairs, which are animals seen as nearest neighbours more often than would be expected by chance, are also identified. The method tests for consistency across a number of independent observation periods, by comparison with values obtained from simulations in which animal identities are randomised between observation periods. An experiment is described in which 8 groups of 7 grazing sheep were each observed for a total of 10, one-hour periods and the identities and distances away of the 3 nearest neighbours of each focal animal recorded at 5-min intervals. Significant within-group differences in SIs were found in four of the groups (P < 0.001). SIs calculated using the nearest neighbour, two nearest neighbours or three nearest neighbours, were generally highly correlated within all groups, with little change in the ranking of animals. There were significant negative correlations between SIs and nearest neighbour distances in five of the groups. It was concluded that there was no advantage in recording more than one neighbour to calculate the SI. Advantages of the SI over other methods for measuring sociability and pair-wise associations are discussed. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 317 | ||
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| Author | Arakawa, H.; Arakawa, K.; Blanchard, D.C.; Blanchard, R.J. | ||||
| Title |
A new test paradigm for social recognition evidenced by urinary scent marking behavior in C57BL/6J mice | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Behavioural Brain Research | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Brain. Res. |
| Volume | 190 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 97-104 |
| Keywords | Social recognition; Urine marking; Familiarity; Context recognition; C57BL/6J mice | ||||
| Abstract | Olfaction is a major sensory element in intraspecies recognition and communication in mice. The present study investigated scent marking behaviors of males of the highly inbred C57BL/6J (C57) strain in order to evaluate the ability of these behaviors to provide clear and consistent measures of social familiarity and response to social signals. C57 males engage in scent marking when placed in a chamber with a wire mesh partition separating them from a conspecific. Male mice (C57 or outbred CD-1 mice) showed rapid habituation of scent marking (decreased marking over trials) with repeated exposure at 24-h intervals, to a stimulus animal of the C57 or CD-1 strains, or to an empty chamber. Subsequent exposure to a genetically different novel mouse (CD-1 after CD-1 exposure, or CD-1 after C57 exposure) or to a novel context (different shaped chamber) produced recovery of marking, while responses to a novel but genetically identical mouse (C57 after C57 exposure) or to the empty chamber did not. This finding demonstrated that male mice differentiate familiar and novel conspecifics as expressed by habituation and recovery of scent marking, but neither C57 or CD-1 mice can differentiate new vs. familiar C57 males; likely due to similarities in their odor patterns. The data also indicate that scent marking can differentiate novel from familiar contexts. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4639 | ||
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| Author | Hebenbrock, M.; Due, M.; Holzhausen, H.; Sass, A.; Stadler, P.; Ellendorff, F. | ||||
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A new tool to monitor training and performance of sport horses using global positioning system (GPS) with integrated GSM capabilities | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift | Abbreviated Journal | Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
| Volume | 112 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 262-265 |
| Keywords | Animals; Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Population Surveillance; *Satellite Communications; Telemetry/methods/*veterinary | ||||
| Abstract | Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are considered suitable to monitor the position and velocity of horses during cross-country competition or in training. Furthermore, simultaneous recording of life data such as heart rate could be useful to assess the horse's condition during exercise. To test the suitability and reliability of a commercially available GPS system with integrated heart rate recording system and with built in GSM for data transmission, the Fidelak Equipilot Type EP-2003-15/G-2.11 (EP-15/G) was evaluated first for reliability of pulse recording from a pulse generator within the physiological range of horses; furthermore distance, velocity and heart rate recordings were carried out on a standard 1000 m field track with five repetitions. Agreement (% deviation from actually measured distance and from stopwatch-distance based velocity calculations) and variability (Coefficient of Variation for distance, velocity, heart rate) were calculated. From the results it was safe to assume that the heart rate sensor recorded horse heart rates at a high degree of accuracy. Overall distances and velocities are in high agreement with actually measured values. However, overall variability expressed in terms of relative variability (C.V.) is smaller for distance recording (C.V. 0.68%) when compared to velocity (C.V. 1.01%). The system tested is suitable and reliable for simultaneously recording of distance, velocity and heart rates for horses during cross country exercise. GPS-based monitoring of movement along with simultaneous recording of physiological data and the possibility to call upon data will not only be of benefit for training horses or for surveillance during competition, it may also be suitable for distant patient monitoring and in behavioural studies as well as in veterinary medicine in general. | ||||
| Address | Institute for Animal Breeding Mariensee, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Neustadt, Germany | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0341-6593 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16124700 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4035 | ||
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| Author | Kuhne, F.; Struwe, R.; Balzer, H.U. | ||||
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A new, non-invasive method to assess specific strain in horses | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | IESM 2008 | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Horses" reactions to normal environmental and training situations play an important role the human-horse relationship. These demands on horses can either lead some individuals to withdrawal, immobility or aggressive defence. However, the reaction to such situations varies greatly among horses, which is reflected in individual differences in sympathetic, parasympathetic and muscular reactivity. The observable behavioural responses of the horses seem to be qualitatively related to the internal state of physiological arousal. In future it should be possible to identify behavioural signs which really do reflect internal states of the autonomic nervous system to provide general advice concerning human handling and training in view of reducing stress in horses. For these purposes, we have determined responses of the vegetative nervous system based on variation in skin potential, skin resistance and electromyogram using non-invasive real-time measurements. All these parameters can be measured by a SMARD-Watch-System (System of non-invasive Measurement and Analysis for Regulatory Diagnostics), which can be externally attached to the horses using a harness. The physiological data will assess using a time series analysis. Thereby the changes in the regulatory processes in each of the three physiological systems can be determined in detail. Based on this analysis characteristic behaviour patterns will be analysed by the variability of the regulatory processes. According to temporary shifts in regulatory processes, stable and unstable regulation states will be determined. Depending on the proportions of unstable regulation processes during and after external threat, four types of regulation can be defined: the Control, Cope, Compensate and Non-cope- type. Defined time-windows, for example a ten minutes lasting pre- and post-test phase and a ten or twenty minutes lasting time-window for the execution of the specific stimulus have to be chosen to decide these regulation types. These four regulation types and the preferred individual behaviour strategies have to be compared to evaluate the relative frequency of occurrence of a behaviour strategy depending on responses of the vegetative nervous system. In view of validating behavioural indicators of emotional reactivity, the aim of this new method is to characterize individual differences in the behavioural and physiological responses of horses to normal environmental and training stimuli. Evidence is provided by human and animal data that the non-invasive real-time measurement of the vegetative nervous system based on variation in skin potential, skin resistance etc. is a promising approach for evaluating stress and emotional states in vertebrates. It will be explained that the chronobiological evaluation of physiological parameters has the potential to contribute much to our understanding and assessment of the underlying physiological processes of stress responses in horses. |
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| Address | Division of Animal Welfare and Ethology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany | ||||
| Corporate Author | Kuhne, F. | Thesis | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | IESM 2008 | ||
| Notes | Talk 15 min IESM 2008 | Approved | yes | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4465 | ||
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| Author | Goodwin, D.; Davidson, H.P.B.; Harris, P. | ||||
| Title |
A note on behaviour of stabled horses with foraging devices in mangers and buckets | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 105 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 238-243 |
| Keywords | Stabled horse; Behaviour; Foraging device; Management; Edinburgh foodball | ||||
| Abstract | Processed feed for stabled horses is usually presented in buckets or mangers, and is easily and rapidly consumed. Foraging devices based on the Edinburgh foodball can be used to provide part of the ration. Current designs are all placed on the floor, raising concerns regarding ingestion of foreign materials along with the dispensed food. Alternative devices were evaluated, when presented within suitable, clean containers to prolong food-handling times but avoid such issues. In four Latin square designed replicated trials we investigated behaviour of 12 stabled horses with three foraging devices. These were separately presented for 5 min, varied in sensory complexity (round, square, polyhedral) and contained 500 g high fibre pellets. In Trials 1 and 2 six geldings were presented with devices in buckets then mangers. All individuals foraged successfully from at least one device and behaviour was compared. However, all individuals exhibited some frustration while using the devices (either pawing or biting them). Horses frequently removed the devices from the buckets in Trial 1 terminating these sessions. In Trial 2 mean device foraging duration was ranked polyhedral > round > square. Mean pawing rate in Trial 2 was calculated for horses (frequency of pawing per individual/summed duration manipulation and foraging) and was highest with square (0.11, npawers = 6). In Trial 3 six stabled mares were presented with the same foraging devices in mangers. Mean foraging duration with devices again ranked polyhedral > round > square. Mean pawing rate was highest with round device (0.08, npawers = 4). Trial 4 investigated behaviour of six horses when devices initially containing five high fibre pellets became empty. Mean foraging duration with devices ranked round > polyhedral > square. Mean pawing rate was highest with square device (0.11, npawers = 4). All horses foraged successfully from at least one foraging device in buckets and mangers. Devices met initial objectives but the unpredictability of reward suggests a source of frustration and warrants further investigation. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4345 | ||
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| Author | Jorgensen, G.H.M.; Boe, K.E. | ||||
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A note on the effect of daily exercise and paddock size on the behaviour of domestic horses (Equus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 107 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 166-173 |
| Keywords | Horse; Exercise; Paddock size; Behaviour; Turnout | ||||
| Abstract | In a 2 x 3 factorial experiment we examined the effect of exercise (no exercise/daily exercise) and paddock size (small: 150 m2, medium: 300 m2 and large: 450 m2) on the behaviour of horses. In both these treatment periods nine (three cold blood and six warm blood) adult horses were exposed to all the three paddock size treatments for 2 h daily, for 1 week in each paddock size, and the order of paddock size treatments were rotated systematically. In between turnout in paddocks the horses were all housed in tie stalls. In the non-exercise period the horses walked significantly more, they travelled a longer distance, explored more and stood more alert, than in the period with exercise. The horses stood less passively in the large paddock compared to the medium and the small paddock, and they also travelled a longer distance in the larger paddock sizes. At days with heavy rain and wind, the horses were more restless and walked significantly more than in warmer weather. In conclusion; daily exercise significantly reduced the general activity in the paddocks. Increasing the paddock size to 450 m2, increased the time spent eating grass from under the fence and decreased the time spent standing passively. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4338 | ||
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| Author | Benhajali, H.; Richard-Yris, M. -A.; Leroux, M.; Ezzaouia, M.; Charfi, F.; Hausberger, M. | ||||
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A note on the time budget and social behaviour of densely housed horses: A case study in Arab breeding mares | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 112 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 196-200 |
| Keywords | Behavioural repertoire; Time budget; Mare; Social behaviour; Density | ||||
| Abstract | We observed a high-density herd (200 mares/ha) of 44 Arab breeding mares, while in a bare paddock in Tunisia. Twenty-minute animal focal samples and scan sampling were used to determine the time budget of the mares during the period from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. and study their social behaviour. The data obtained reveal restricted behavioural repertoires with missing behaviour like rolling, allogrooming and lying down; unusual time budgets with a high frequency of locomotion that constitutes the most frequent activity (27.9 ± 19.47%) of the mares. Social interactions were restricted to agonistic interactions but despite the high stocking density, aggressions were not that frequent among mares. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4774 | ||
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| Author | Motch, S.M.; Harpster, H.W.; Ralston, S.; Ostiguy, N.; Diehl, N.K. | ||||
| Title |
A note on yearling horse ingestive and agonistic behaviours in three concentrate feeding systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 106 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 167-172 |
| Keywords | Horse; Feeding; Agonistic behaviour; Social behaviour; Sex differences | ||||
| Abstract | The objective of this study was to compare behaviours of yearling horses fed concentrates under each of three management systems. Over two consecutive years, 16 yearling horses (n = 8/year; 4 fillies, 4 geldings, full siblings between years) were observed over a 60-day trial period/year at 15:30 h each day. The experimental design consisted of three factors (sex, feeder type, and year); repeated measures on feeder type: tire feeders (control system), individual tub feeders, and manger feeders. Frequency of agonistic interaction was affected by feeder type and sex. Fillies performed more than three times the total number of agonistic behaviours per feeding session as geldings. In both years, horses spent the most time eating and had the fewest agonistic interactions when fed in tire feeders. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4342 | ||
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| Author | Argue, C.K.; Clayton, H.M. | ||||
| Title |
A preliminary study of transitions between the walk and trot in dressage horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Acta Anatomica | Abbreviated Journal | Acta Anat (Basel) |
| Volume | 146 | Issue | 2-3 | Pages | 179-182 |
| Keywords | Animals; Forelimb/physiology; Gait/*physiology; Hindlimb/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/physiology; *Physical Conditioning, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | The object of this study was to determine the limb support sequence during the transitions from walk to trot and from trot to walk in dressage horses under saddle and to test the null hypothesis that the limb support sequence during the transitions is not related to the level of training. Sixteen dressage horses training at novice to FEI Grand Prix level were videotaped performing an average of 9 transitions each from walk to trot and from trot to walk. The 30-Hz videotapes were viewed in slow motion, and based on the limb support sequence the transitions were categorized into two types. In type 1 transitions there were no intermediate steps between the walk and trot sequences. Type 2 transitions were characterized by intermediate steps, including a single support phase. The Kendall rank-order correlation coefficient showed that a higher level of training was positively associated with an increased percentage of type 1 transitions for both walk-to-trot transitions (p < or = 0.05) and trot-to-walk transitions (p < or = 0.01). No significant preference for initiating or completing the trot on the left or right diagonal was found using the binomial test for individual horses and the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for the group. | ||||
| Address | Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0001-5180 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:8470463 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3752 | ||
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