Records |
Author |
Krueger, K.; Gruentjens, T.; Hempel, E. |
Title |
Wolf contact in horses at permanent pasture in Germany |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Plos One |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plos One |
Volume |
18 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e0289767 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Wolves returned to Germany in 2000, leading to fear in German horse owners that their horses could be in danger of wolf attacks or panic-like escapes from pastures when sighting wolves. However, reports from southern European countries indicate that wolf predation on horses diminishes with increasing presence of wildlife. Therefore, we conducted a long-term, filed observation between January 2015 and July 2022 on 13 non breeding riding horses, mares and geldings, kept permanently on two pastures within the range of wildlife and a stable wolf pack with annual offspring. Wildlife cameras at the fences of the pastures made 984 times recordings of wolves and 3151 times recordings of wildlife in and around the pastures. Between 1 January 2022 and 23 March 2022 we observed two stable horse groups. Pasture 1 was grazed by five horses of mixed breed, four mares and one gelding, with the median age of 8 years (min. = 6y, max. = 29y). Pasture 2 was grazed by eight heavy warmbloods and draught horses, three mares and five geldings, with the median age of 16 years (min. = 13y, max. = 22y). During this period no wolf was recorded at pasture 2, but wild boar several times, whereas at pasture 1, wolves were recorded 89 times, and for the wildlife mostly hare. Wolves may have avoided pasture 2 because of the presence of wild boar or because the large group of older, heavy breed horses may have formed a stable, protective group. The latter needs to be confirmed in a follow-up field observation, which records anti-predator behavior and welfare indicators in horses. In conclusion, wolves did not attack the mature horses on pastures with plenty of wildlife and the horses did not respond to the presence of wolves with visible signs of reduced welfare or panic. This indicates that wolves may prefer to prey on easily accessible wildlife around and at horse pastures and that Central European horses become accustom to the presence of non-hunting wolves. |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6708 |
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Author |
Krueger, K.; Koenig von Borstel, U. |
Title |
Wie Pferde lernen |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Pferde verstehen – Umgang und Bodenarbeit |
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Issue |
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Pages |
56-82 |
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Publisher |
FN Verlag der deutschen Reiterlichen Vereinigung GmbH |
Place of Publication |
Warendorf |
Editor |
Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e.V. |
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978-3-88542-793-3 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5943 |
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Author |
Benz, B.; Benitz, B.; Krueger, K.; Winter, D. |
Title |
Weniger Einstreu bei gleichem Komfort |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Pferdezucht und Haltung |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
66-71 |
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AVA-Verlag-Allgäu GmbH |
Place of Publication |
Kempten |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5654 |
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Author |
Hinz, K.; Sennet, S.; Maros, K.; Krueger, K. |
Title |
Waiting behaviour in front of a computerized feeding system in an active stable – Effects on heart rate, heart rate variability and sensory laterality in horses |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Current research in applied ethology [Aktuelle Arbeiten zur artgemäßen Tierhaltung |
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Keywords |
computerized feeding, waiting situation, stress, horse |
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KTBL-Schrift 510 |
Place of Publication |
Darmstadt |
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978-3-945088-13-5 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5927 |
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Author |
Farmer, K.; Krueger, K.; Byrne, R. |
Title |
Visual laterality in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) interacting with humans |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
13 |
Issue |
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Pages |
229-238 |
Keywords |
Horse – Laterality – Eye preference – Emotion – Vision |
Abstract |
Most horses have a side on which they are easier to handle and a direction they favour when working on a circle, and recent studies have suggested a correlation between emotion and visual laterality when horses observe inanimate objects. As such lateralisation could provide important clues regarding the horse’s cognitive processes, we investigated whether horses also show laterality in association with people. We gave horses the choice of entering a chute to left or right, with and without the passive, non-interactive presence of a person unknown to them. The left eye was preferred for scanning under both conditions, but significantly more so when a person was present. Traditionally, riders handle horses only from the left, so we repeated the experiment with horses specifically trained on both sides. Again, there was a consistent preference for left eye scanning in the presence of a person, whether known to the horses or not. We also examined horses interacting with a person, using both traditionally and bilaterally trained horses. Both groups showed left eye preference for viewing the person, regardless of training and test procedure. For those horses tested under both passive and interactive conditions, the left eye was preferred significantly more during interaction. We suggest that most horses prefer to use their left eye for assessment and evaluation, and that there is an emotional aspect to the choice which may be positive or negative, depending on the circumstances. We believe these results have important practical implications and that emotional laterality should be taken into account in training methods. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4953 |
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Author |
Fuchs, K.; Götz, K.; Manschel, K.; Pohl, L.; Preisendanz, L.; Weil, S.; Weiß, V.; Wittum, J.; Krueger, K. |
Title |
Vergleich der Interaktionen von Pferden in Boxenhaltung mit Weidegang und Pferden in Offenstallhaltung |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Göttinger Pferdetage’13 |
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Issue |
13 |
Pages |
65 |
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ISBN |
978-3-88542-782-7 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5948 |
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Author |
Krueger, K.; Krueger, K. |
Title |
Trainingslehre für Dressurpferde [Training the Dressage Horse] |
Type |
Book Whole |
Year |
2010 |
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Xenophon Verlag |
Place of Publication |
Wald |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6007 |
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Author |
Krueger, K.; Trager, L.; Farmer, K.; Byrne, R. |
Title |
Tool Use in Horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animals |
Volume |
12 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
1876 |
Keywords |
crowdsourcing; horse; innovation; mule; management; tool use |
Abstract |
Tool use has not yet been confirmed in horses, mules or donkeys. As this subject is difficult to research with conventional methods, we used a crowdsourcing approach to gather data. We contacted equid owners and carers and asked them to report and video examples of �unusual� behaviour via a dedicated website. We also searched YouTube and Facebook for videos of equids showing tool use. From 635 reports, including 1014 behaviours, we found 20 cases of tool use, 13 of which were unambiguous in that it was clear that the behaviour was not trained, caused by reduced welfare, incidental or accidental. We then assessed (a) the effect of management conditions on tool use and (b) whether the animals used tools alone, or socially, involving other equids or humans. We found that management restrictions were associated with corresponding tool use in 12 of the 13 cases (p = 0.01), e.g., equids using sticks to scrape hay within reach when feed was restricted. Furthermore, 8 of the 13 cases involved other equids or humans, such as horses using brushes to groom others. The most frequent tool use was for foraging, with seven examples, tool use for social purposes was seen in four cases, and there was just one case of tool use for escape. There was just one case of tool use for comfort, and in this instance, there were no management restrictions. Equids therefore can develop tool use, especially when management conditions are restricted, but it is a rare occurrence. |
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Animals |
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12 |
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15 |
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2076-2615 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6695 |
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Author |
Schneider, G.; Krueger, K. |
Title |
Third-party interventions keep social partners from exchanging affiliative interactions with others |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
83 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
377-387 |
Keywords |
Equus caballus; horse; rank; social bond; social network; third-party intervention |
Abstract |
Third-party interventions are defined as the interruption of dyadic interactions by third animals through direct physical contact, interposing or threats. Previous studies focused on the analysis of interventions against agonistic encounters. However, there have been no evaluations of interventions against affiliative behaviours, particularly in relation to the intervening animal�s social relationships and its social and spatial position. Horses, Equus caballus, are an interesting model species, as interventions against affiliative interactions occur more frequently than against agonistic interactions. In this study, 64 feral horses displayed 67 interventions in affiliative interactions and eight interventions in agonistic interactions within the observation period. We analysed the interventions in affiliative encounters, and found that it was mainly higher-ranking females that intervened in the affiliative interactions of group mates in the stable horse harems. The intervening animals took an active part in affiliative and agonistic encounters within the group, but did not occupy particular social roles or spatial positions. They intervened in affiliative interactions in which group mates with which they had social bonds interacted with other members of the group. They targeted the nonbonded animal and approached the one with which they were socially bonded. We suggest some species use third-party interventions in affiliative interactions to prevent competition for preferred social interaction partners from escalating into more costly agonistic encounters. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5492 |
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Author |
Schneider, G.; Krueger, K. |
Title |
Third-party intervention |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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Issue |
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Pages |
73 |
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Abstract |
Third-party intervention is the interruption of a dyadic interaction by a third animal. We observed such interventions in affiliative interactions in free-ranging Esperia-ponies (Equus caballus). It is known that horses intervene in affiliative contexts especially when a preferred partner is involved, probably to protect their social bond to this preferred partner. To prove this hypothesis the present study investigated whether the preferred partner was targeted, i.e. challenged, or supported by the intervener or both randomly. Therefore we examined the social relationship between the intervener and both dyadic interacting individuals. We found that interveners usually supported individuals to which they have stronger social bonds than to other group mates, while they have no particular relationship to the targeted animals. This indicates that interveners in stable horse groups protect their social bonds to the supported animals by challenging their interaction partners. Of all observed horses only some mares showed intervention behaviour. Their social position, reflected by their position in the dominance hierarchy, social networks, and the spatial group structure were investigated. We found that interveners occupy no unique position, but they are involved in a high amount of affiliative interactions, high-ranking, and relatively aggressive. KW - |
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Corporate Author |
Krueger, K. |
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Publisher |
Xenophon Publishing |
Place of Publication |
Wald |
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978-3-9808134-26 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5549 |
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