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| Author | Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Silk, J.B. | ||||
| Title | The responses of female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) to anomalous social interactions: evidence for causal reasoning? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
| Volume | 109 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 134-141 |
| Keywords | Animals; Attention; Auditory Perception; *Awareness; *Concept Formation; *Dominance-Subordination; Fear; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Papio/*psychology; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | Baboons' (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) understanding of cause-effect relations in the context of social interactions was examined through use of a playback experiment. Under natural conditions, dominant female baboons often grunt to more subordinate mothers when interacting with their infants. Mothers occasionally respond to these grunts by uttering submissive fear barks. Subjects were played causally inconsistent call sequences in which a lower ranking female apparently grunted to a higher ranking female, and the higher ranking female apparently responded with fear barks. As a control, subjects heard a sequence made causally consistent by the inclusion of grunts from a 3rd female that was dominant to both of the others. Subjects responded significantly more strongly to the causally inconsistent sequences, suggesting that they recognized the factors that cause 1 individual to give submissive vocalizations to another. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:7758289 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 348 | ||
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| Author | Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B. | ||||
| Title | Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 234 | Issue | 4782 | Pages | 1361-1366 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:3538419 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 349 | ||
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| Author | Paz-y-Miño C. G.; Bond, A.B.; Kamil, A.C.; Balda, R.P. | ||||
| Title | Pinyon jays use transitive inference to predict social dominance | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 430 | Issue | 7001 | Pages | 778-781 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Group Structure; Male; *Social Dominance; Songbirds/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Living in large, stable social groups is often considered to favour the evolution of enhanced cognitive abilities, such as recognizing group members, tracking their social status and inferring relationships among them. An individual's place in the social order can be learned through direct interactions with others, but conflicts can be time-consuming and even injurious. Because the number of possible pairwise interactions increases rapidly with group size, members of large social groups will benefit if they can make judgments about relationships on the basis of indirect evidence. Transitive reasoning should therefore be particularly important for social individuals, allowing assessment of relationships from observations of interactions among others. Although a variety of studies have suggested that transitive inference may be used in social settings, the phenomenon has not been demonstrated under controlled conditions in animals. Here we show that highly social pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) draw sophisticated inferences about their own dominance status relative to that of strangers that they have observed interacting with known individuals. These results directly demonstrate that animals use transitive inference in social settings and imply that such cognitive capabilities are widespread among social species. | ||||
| Address | Center for Avian Cognition, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15306809 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @; Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 | Serial | 352 | ||
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| Author | Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Cognitive science: rank inferred by reason | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 430 | Issue | 7001 | Pages | 732-733 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Group Structure; Male; *Social Dominance; Songbirds/*physiology | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15306792 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 365 | ||
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| Author | Hogue, M.-E.; Beaugrand, J.P.; Lague, P.C. | ||||
| Title | Coherent use of information by hens observing their former dominant defeating or being defeated by a stranger | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 241-252 |
| Keywords | Domestic fowl; Dominance; Hierarchy formation; Observation; Transitive inference | ||||
| Abstract | This study examines the role of observation during the formation of triads in female domestic hens. Results indicate that during hierarchy formation, a hen observing agonistic interactions and conflict settlement between its former dominant and a stranger uses this information when in turn confronted by the latter. Under a first condition (E, N = 15 triads), bystanders witnessed their prior dominant being defeated by a stranger before being introduced to them. In a second condition (C1, N = 16 triads), bystanders witnessed the victory of their prior dominant over a stranger. In a third condition (C2, N = 15 triads), bystanders witnessed two strangers establishing a dominance relationship before being introduced to their prior dominant and to a stranger the former had just defeated. The behavioural strategies of bystanders depended on the issue of the conflict they had witnessed. Bystanders of the E condition behaved as having no chance of defeating the stranger. They never initiated an attack against it, and upon being attacked, readily submitted in turn to the stranger. On the contrary, bystanders of the C1 condition behaved as having some chances against the stranger. They initiated attacks in 50% of cases, and won 50% of conflicts against the stranger. Under condition C2, bystanders first initiated contact with the strangers in only 27% of cases, which approximates the average of their chances for defeating the stranger. However, bystanders finally defeated the strangers in 40% of cases. These results suggest that bystanders of conditions E and C1 gained some information on the relationship existing between their prior dominant and the stranger and that they used it coherently, perhaps through transitive inference, thus contributing to the existence of transitive relationships within the triads. Alternate explanations are examined. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 396 | ||
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| Author | Wittemyer, G.; Getz, W.M. | ||||
| Title | A likely ranking interpolation for resolving dominance orders in systems with unknown relationships | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 143 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 909-930 |
| Keywords | DOMINANCE HIERARCHY; ALGORITH; SOCIAL AGONISTIC INTERACTIONS | ||||
| Abstract | n many animal systems agonistic interactions may be rare or not overt, particularly where such interactions are costly or of high risk as is common for large mammals. We present a technique developed specifically for resolving an optimized dominance order of individuals in systems with transitive (i.e. linear) dominance relationships, but where not all relationships are known. Our method augments the widely used I&SI method (de Vries, 1998) with an interpolation function for resolving the relative ranks of individuals with unknown relationships. Our method offers several advantages over other dominance methods by enabling the incorporation of any proportion of unknown relationships, resolving a unique solution to any dominance matrix, and calculating cardinal dominance strengths for each individual. As such, this method enables novel insight into difficult to study behavioural systems. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 438 | ||
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| Author | Broom, M. | ||||
| Title | A unified model of dominance hierarchy formation and maintenance | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Journal of theoretical biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 219 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 63-72 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; *Models, Psychological; *Social Dominance; Social Environment | ||||
| Abstract | In many different species it is common for animals to spend large portions of their lives in groups. Such groups need to divide available resources amongst the individuals they contain and this is often achieved by means of a dominance hierarchy. Sometimes hierarchies are stable over a long period of time and new individuals slot into pre-determined positions, but there are many situations where this is not so and a hierarchy is formed out of a group of individuals meeting for the first time. There are several different models both of the formation of such dominance hierarchies and of already existing hierarchies. These models often treat the two phases as entirely separate, whereas in reality, if there is a genuine formation phase to the hierarchy, behaviour in this phase will be governed by the rewards available, which in turn depends upon how the hierarchy operates once it has been formed. This paper describes a method of unifying models of these two distinct phases, assuming that the hierarchy formed is stable. In particular a framework is introduced which allows a variety of different models of each of the two parts to be used in conjunction with each other, thus enabling a wide range of situations to be modelled. Some examples are given to show how this works in practice. | ||||
| Address | Centre for Statistics and Stochastic Modelling, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, U.K. m.broom@sussex.ac.uk | ||||
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| ISSN | 0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12392975 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 439 | ||
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| Author | VanDierendonck, M.C.; de Vries, H.; Schilder, M.B.H. | ||||
| Title | An Analysis of Dominance, Its Behavioural Parameters and Possible Determinants in a Herd of Icelandic orses in Captivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Netherlands Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Netherl. J. Zool. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 362-385 |
| Keywords | Dominance; rank order; horses; Icelandic horses. | ||||
| Abstract | Th e applicability of the concept of dominance was investigated in a captive herd of  Icelandic horses and  ponies of diff erent breeds. Eight out of  behaviours possibly related to dominance occurred frequently enough to be investigated in detail. For these eight agonistic behaviours the coverage, the unidirectionality in the exchange, and the degree of transitivity (Landau`s linearity index) were calculated. Four off ensive behaviours, together with avoidance, were suitable for further analysis with regard to dominance. Th e patterns of asymmetries with which these behaviours were exchanged were suffi ciently similar as to justify the application of the dominance concept and to construct a (nearly) linear dominance hierarchy. Th e rank order of the castrated stallions was completely linear, the hierarchy of the mares was almost completely linear. Th e results suggest that off ensive and defensive aggressive behaviours should be treated separately and that the concept of dominance is applicable. However, ritualized formal dominance signals between adult horses appear to be (almost) absent. Th e rank positions of the individuals were correlated with age and residency in the herd but not with height. Middle ranking horses tended to be more frequently in the close vicinity of another horse than high ranking or low ranking horses. Over and above this correlation at the individual level, it was found that pairs of horses close in rank to each other were more often also spatially close to each other. Being in oestrus did not infl uence the dominance relationships between mares. For castrated stallions the rank positions were correlated with the age at which they were castrated. Th is suggests that in male horses experience prior to neutering infl uences the behaviour afterwards. |
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 440 | ||
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| Author | Chase, I.D.; Tovey, C.; Spangler-Martin, D.; Manfredonia, M. | ||||
| Title | Individual differences versus social dynamics in the formation of animal dominance hierarchies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 99 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 5744-5749 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Fishes; Humans; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | Linear hierarchies, the classical pecking-order structures, are formed readily in both nature and the laboratory in a great range of species including humans. However, the probability of getting linear structures by chance alone is quite low. In this paper we investigate the two hypotheses that are proposed most often to explain linear hierarchies: they are predetermined by differences in the attributes of animals, or they are produced by the dynamics of social interaction, i.e., they are self-organizing. We evaluate these hypotheses using cichlid fish as model animals, and although differences in attributes play a significant part, we find that social interaction is necessary for high proportions of groups with linear hierarchies. Our results suggest that dominance hierarchy formation is a much richer and more complex phenomenon than previously thought, and we explore the implications of these results for evolutionary biology, the social sciences, and the use of animal models in understanding human social organization. | ||||
| Address | Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4356, USA. Ichase@notes.cc.sunysb.edu | ||||
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| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11960030 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 442 | ||
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| Author | Hemelrijk, C.K.; Wantia, J. | ||||
| Title | Individual variation by self-organisation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 125-136 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; Female; Humans; *Individuality; Male; Models, Psychological; Sex Characteristics; *Social Dominance; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, we show that differences in dominance and spatial centrality of individuals in a group may arise through self-organisation. Our instrument is a model, called DomWorld, that represents two traits that are often found in animals, namely grouping and competing. In this model individual differences grow under the following conditions: (1) when the intensity of aggression increases and grouping becomes denser, (2) when the degree of sexual dimorphism in fighting power increases. In this case the differences among females compared to males grow too, (3) when, upon encountering another individual, the tendency to attack is 'obligate' and not conditional, namely 'sensitive to risks'. Results resemble phenomena described for societies of primates, mice, birds and pigs. | ||||
| Address | Theoretical Biology, University of Groningen, NN Haren, The Netherlands. hemelrij@ifi.unizh.ch | ||||
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| ISSN | 0149-7634 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15652260 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 443 | ||
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