Records |
Author |
Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
Title |
Further studies of the sea-finding mechanism in green turtle hatchlings |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
Volume |
51 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
195-208 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Newborn/physiology; Contact Lenses; Locomotion; *Orientation; Retina/physiology; *Turtles/physiology; Visual Fields; *Visual Perception; Water |
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English |
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ISSN |
0005-7959 |
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PMID:4447586 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
389 |
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Author |
Rendall, D.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
Title |
Proximate factors mediating “contact” calls in adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) and their infants |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
114 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
36-46 |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Botswana; Female; *Maternal Behavior; Motivation; Orientation; Papio/*psychology; Social Environment; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
“Contact” calls are widespread in social mammals and birds, but the proximate factors that motivate call production and mediate their contact function remain poorly specified. Field study of chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) revealed that contact barks in adult females were motivated by separation both from the group at large and from their dependent infants. A variety of social and ecological factors affect the probability of separation from either one or both. Results of simultaneous observations and a playback experiment indicate that the contact function of calling between mothers and infants was mediated by occasional maternal retrieval rather than coordinated call exchange. Mothers recognized the contact barks of their own infants and often were strongly motivated to locate them. However, mothers did not produce contact barks in reply unless they themselves were at risk of becoming separated from the group. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, USA. d.rendall@uleth.ca |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0735-7036 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:10739310 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
695 |
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Author |
Devenport, J.A.; Patterson, M.R.; Devenport, L.D. |
Title |
Dynamic averaging and foraging decisions in horses (Equus callabus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
Volume |
119 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
352-358 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Decision Making; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*psychology; Male; *Memory, Short-Term; Motivation; Orientation; *Social Environment |
Abstract |
The variability of most environments taxes foraging decisions by increasing the uncertainty of the information available. One solution to the problem is to use dynamic averaging, as do some granivores and carnivores. Arguably, the same strategy could be useful for grazing herbivores, even though their food renews and is more homogeneously distributed. Horses (Equus callabus) were given choices between variable patches after short or long delays. When patch information was current, horses returned to the patch that was recently best, whereas those without current information matched choices to the long-term average values of the patches. These results demonstrate that a grazing species uses dynamic averaging and indicate that, like granivores and carnivores, they can use temporal weighting to optimize foraging decisions. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Central Oklahoma, 73034, USA. jdevenport@ucok.edu |
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English |
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ISSN |
0735-7036 |
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PMID:16131264 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
752 |
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Author |
Biro, D.; Sumpter, D.J.T.; Meade, J.; Guilford, T. |
Title |
From Compromise to Leadership in Pigeon Homing |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Current Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
2123-2128 |
Keywords |
Animal Migration; Animals; Columbidae/*physiology; Decision Making; *Flight, Animal; *Homing Behavior; Models, Biological; Orientation; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance |
Abstract |
Summary A central problem faced by animals traveling in groups is how navigational decisions by group members are integrated, especially when members cannot assess which individuals are best informed or have conflicting information or interests , , , and . Pigeons are now known to recapitulate faithfully their individually distinct habitual routes home , and , and this provides a novel paradigm for investigating collective decisions during flight under varying levels of interindividual conflict. Using high-precision GPS tracking of pairs of pigeons, we found that if conflict between two birds' directional preferences was small, individuals averaged their routes, whereas if conflict rose over a critical threshold, either the pair split or one of the birds became the leader. Modeling such paired decision-making showed that both outcomes--compromise and leadership--could emerge from the same set of simple behavioral rules. Pairs also navigated more efficiently than did the individuals of which they were composed, even though leadership was not necessarily assumed by the more efficient bird. In the context of mass migration of birds and other animals, our results imply that simple self-organizing rules can produce behaviors that improve accuracy in decision-making and thus benefit individuals traveling in groups , and . |
Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom. daro.biro@zoo.ox.ac.uk |
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Language |
Englisch |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0960-9822 |
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Notes |
PMID:17084696 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2026 |
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Author |
Hall, C.A.; Cassaday, H.J.; Derrington, A.M. |
Title |
The effect of stimulus height on visual discrimination in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
Volume |
81 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1715-1720 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Discrimination Learning/physiology; Female; Horses/physiology/*psychology; Male; Orientation; *Photic Stimulation; Vision/*physiology |
Abstract |
This study investigated the effect of stimulus height on the ability of horses to learn a simple visual discrimination task. Eight horses were trained to perform a two-choice, black/white discrimination with stimuli presented at one of two heights: ground level or at a height of 70 cm from the ground. The height at which the stimuli were presented was alternated from one session to the next. All trials within a single session were presented at the same height. The criterion for learning was four consecutive sessions of 70% correct responses. Performance was found to be better when stimuli were presented at ground level with respect to the number of trials taken to reach the criterion (P < 0.05), percentage of correct first choices (P < 0.01), and repeated errors made (P < 0.01). Thus, training horses to carry out tasks of visual discrimination could be enhanced by placing the stimuli on the ground. In addition, the results of the present study suggest that the visual appearance of ground surfaces is an important factor in both horse management and training. |
Address |
School of Land-based Studies, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst College Campus, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England NG25 0QF. carol.hall@ntu.ac.uk |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:12854807 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
835 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Healy,S.; Braithwaite, V |
Title |
Cognitive ecology: a field of substance? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22-26 |
Keywords |
Cognitive ecology; Neuroethology; Cognition; Ecology; Evolution; Orientation mechanisms |
Abstract |
In 1993, Les Real invented the label 'cognitive ecology'. This label was intended for work that brought cognitive science and behavioural ecology together. Real's article stressed the importance of such an approach to the understanding of behaviour. At the end of a decade in which more interdisciplinary work on behaviour has been seen than for many years, it is time to assess whether cognitive ecology is a label describing an active field. |
Address |
Division of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3JT |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0169-5347 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:10603501 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
837 |
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Author |
Wagner, G. |
Title |
[Flight leadership in flocks of homing pigeons] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
Volume |
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Issue |
39 |
Pages |
61-74 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Columbidae; *Flight, Animal; *Orientation |
Abstract |
Groups of 3-5 homing pigeons individually recognizable by different colours of their plumage were followed by helicopter on their way home. In most cases the animals flew together as a group with frequently changing leadership. Flight formations in terms of leadership were noted every minute. It was examined statistically whether the flight order varies at random or whether there are leading and led birds. In 6 out of 7 experiments with groups of 4-5 pigeons flight order was far from random, one or two pigeons proving to be leaders. In only one experiment leadership did not differ from a random distribution. No correlation could be found between the tendency to lead within a group and homing performance of the single pigeon when released individually. |
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German |
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Original Title |
Zur Frage des Flugfuhrens in heimkehrenden Brieftaubengruppen |
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ISSN |
0044-3573 |
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Notes |
PMID:1231423 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2050 |
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Author |
Gibbs, S.E.B.; Lea, S.E.G.; Jacobs, L.F. |
Title |
Flexible use of spatial cues in the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
203-209 |
Keywords |
Animals; Male; Orientation; *Sciuridae; *Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior |
Abstract |
Insects, birds, and mammals have been shown capable of encoding spatial information in memory using multiple strategies or frames of reference simultaneously. These strategies include orientation to a goal-specific cue or beacon, to the position of the goal in an array of local landmarks, or to its position in the array of distant landmarks, also known as the global frame of reference. From previous experiments, it appears that birds and mammals that scatter hoard rely primarily on a global frame of reference, but this generalization depends on evidence from only a few species. Here we examined spatial memory in a previously unstudied scatter hoarder, the southern flying squirrel. We dissociated the relative weighting of three potential spatial strategies (beacon, global, or relative array strategy) with three probe tests: transposition of beacon and the rotation or the expansion of the array. The squirrels' choices were consistent with a spatial averaging strategy, where they chose the location dictated by at least two of the three strategies, rather than using a single preferred frame of reference. This adaptive and flexible heuristic has not been previously described in animal orientation studies, yet it may be a common solution to the universal problem of encoding and recalling spatial locations in an ephemeral physical landscape. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA |
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English |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:17265151 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2422 |
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Author |
Petruso, E.J.; Fuchs, T.; Bingman, V.P. |
Title |
Time-space learning in homing pigeons (Columba livia): orientation to an artificial light source |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
181-188 |
Keywords |
Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Columbidae/*physiology; Homing Behavior/physiology; Learning/*physiology; *Light; Orientation/*physiology; Space Perception/*physiology; Time Perception/*physiology |
Abstract |
Time-space learning reflects an ability to represent in memory event-stimulus properties together with the place and time of the event; a capacity well developed in birds. Homing pigeons were trained in an indoor octagonal arena to locate one food goal in the morning and a different food goal in the late afternoon. The goals differed with respect to their angular/directional relationship to an artificial light source located outside the arena. Further, the angular difference in reward position approximated the displacement of the sun's azimuth that would occur during the same time period. The experimental birds quickly learned the task, demonstrating the apparent ease with which birds can adopt an artificial light source to discriminate among alternative spatial responses at different times of the day. However, a novel midday probe session following successful learning revealed that the light source was interpreted as a stable landmark and not as a surrogate sun that would support compass orientation. Probe sessions following a phase shift of the light-dark cycle revealed that the mechanism employed to make the temporal discrimination was prevailingly based on an endogenous circadian rhythm and not an interval timing mechanism. |
Address |
Department of Psychology and J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA |
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English |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:17160343 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2432 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Chiandetti, C.; Regolin, L.; Sovrano, V.A.; Vallortigara, G. |
Title |
Spatial reorientation: the effects of space size on the encoding of landmark and geometry information |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
159-168 |
Keywords |
Animals; Chickens/*physiology; *Feeding Behavior; Male; Orientation/*physiology; Pattern Recognition, Visual/*physiology; *Space Perception |
Abstract |
The effects of the size of the environment on animals' spatial reorientation was investigated. Domestic chicks were trained to find food in a corner of either a small or a large rectangular enclosure. A distinctive panel was located at each of the four corners of the enclosures. After removal of the panels, chicks tested in the small enclosure showed better retention of geometrical information than chicks tested in the large enclosure. In contrast, after changing the enclosure from a rectangular-shaped to a square-shaped one, chicks tested in the large enclosure showed better retention of landmark (panels) information than chicks tested in the small enclosure. No differences in the encoding of the overall arrangement of landmarks were apparent when chicks were tested for generalisation in an enclosure differing from that of training in size together with a transformation (affine transformation) that altered the geometric relations between the target and the shape of the environment. These findings suggest that primacy of geometric or landmark information in reorientation tasks depends on the size of the experimental space, likely reflecting a preferential use of the most reliable source of information available during visual exploration of the environment. |
Address |
Department of Psychology and B.R.A.I.N. Centre for Neuroscience, University of Trieste, Via S. Anastasio 12, 34123, Trieste, Italy. cchiandetti@univ.trieste.it |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:17136416 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2433 |
Permanent link to this record |