Records |
Author |
Legare, C.H.; Nielsen, M. |
Title |
Imitation and Innovation: The Dual Engines of Cultural Learning |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
|
Publication |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Volume |
19 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
688-699 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
Imitation and innovation work in tandem to support cultural learning in children and facilitate our capacity for cumulative culture. Here we propose an integrated theoretical account of how the unique demands of acquiring instrumental skills and cultural conventions provide insight into when children imitate, when they innovate, and to what degree. For instrumental learning, with an increase in experience, high fidelity imitation decreases and innovation increases. By contrast, for conventional learning, imitative fidelity stays high, regardless of experience, and innovation stays low. We synthesize cutting edge research on the development of imitative flexibility and innovation to provide insight into the social learning mechanisms underpinning the uniquely human mind. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
1364-6613 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.005 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5931 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Bednarz, J.C. |
Title |
Cooperative Hunting Harris' Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
239 |
Issue |
4847 |
Pages |
1525-1527 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
Coordinated hunting by several individuals directed toward the capture and sharing of one Large prey animal has been documented convincingly only for a few mammalian carnivores. In New Mexico, Harris' hawks formed hunting parties of two to six individuals in the nonbreeding season. This behavior improved capture success and the average energy available per individual enabled hawks to dispatch prey larger than themselves. These patterns suggest that cooperation is important to understanding the evolution of complex social behavior in higher vertebrates and, specifically, that benefits derived from team hunting a key factor in the social living of Harris' hawks. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
10.1126/science.239.4847.1525 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4717 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Rowe, M.L.; Goldin-Meadow, S. |
Title |
Differences in Early Gesture Explain SES Disparities in Child Vocabulary Size at School Entry |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
323 |
Issue |
5916 |
Pages |
951-953 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
Children from low-socioeconomic status (SES) families, on average, arrive at school with smaller vocabularies than children from high-SES families. In an effort to identify precursors to, and possible remedies for, this inequality, we videotaped 50 children from families with a range of different SES interacting with parents at 14 months and assessed their vocabulary skills at 54 months. We found that children from high-SES families frequently used gesture to communicate at 14 months, a relation that was explained by parent gesture use (with speech controlled). In turn, the fact that children from high-SES families have large vocabularies at 54 months was explained by children's gesture use at 14 months. Thus, differences in early gesture help to explain the disparities in vocabulary that children bring with them to school. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
10.1126/science.1167025 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4728 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Goodwin, D.; McGreevy, P.; Waran, N.; McLean, A. |
Title |
How equitation science can elucidate and refine horsemanship techniques |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Special Issue: Equitation Science |
Volume |
181 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
5-11 |
Keywords |
Horse; Training; Equitation; Learning theory; Ethology; Cognition |
Abstract |
The long-held belief that human dominance and equine submission are key to successful training and that the horse must be taught to [`]respect' the trainer infers that force is often used during training. Many horses respond by trialling unwelcome evasions, resistances and flight responses, which readily become established. When unable to cope with problem behaviours, some handlers in the past might have been encouraged to use harsh methods or devices while others may have called in a so-called [`]good horseman' or [`]horse whisperer' to remediate the horse. Frequently, the approaches such practitioners offer could not be applied by the horse's owner or trainer because of their lack of understanding or inability to apply the techniques. Often it seemed that these [`]horse-people' had magical ways with horses (e.g., they only had to whisper to them) that achieved impressive results although they had little motivation to divulge their techniques. As we begin to appreciate how to communicate with horses sensitively and consistently, misunderstandings and misinterpretations by horse and trainer should become less common. Recent studies have begun to reveal what comprises the simplest, most humane and most effective mechanisms in horse training and these advances are being matched by greater sharing of knowledge among practitioners. Indeed, various practitioners of what is referred to here as [`]natural horsemanship' now use techniques similar to the [`]whisperers' of old, but they are more open about their methods. Reputable horse trainers using natural horsemanship approaches are talented observers of horse behaviour and respond consistently and swiftly to the horse's subtle cues during training. For example, in the roundpen these trainers apply an aversive stimulus to prompt a flight response and then, when the horse slows down, moves toward them, or offers space-reducing affiliative signals, the trainer immediately modifies his/her agonistic signals, thus negatively reinforcing the desired response. Learning theory and equine ethology, the fundamentals of the emerging discipline of equitation science, can be used to explain almost all the behaviour modification that goes on in these contexts and in conventional horsemanship. By measuring and evaluating what works and what does not, equitation science has the potential to have a unifying effect on traditional practices and developing branches of equitation. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
1090-0233 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4826 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Axelrod, R.; Hamilton, W.D. |
Title |
The evolution of cooperation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
211 |
Issue |
4489 |
Pages |
1390-1396 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
Cooperation in organisms, whether bacteria or primates, has been a difficulty for evolutionary theory since Darwin. On the assumption that interactions between pairs of individuals occur on a probabilistic basis, a model is developed based on the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Deductions from the model, and the results of a computer tournament show how cooperation based on reciprocity can get started in an asocial world, can thrive while interacting with a wide range of other strategies, and can resist invasion once fully established. Potential applications include specific aspects of territoriality, mating, and disease. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
10.1126/science.7466396 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4933 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
McLaren, B.E.; Peterson, R.O. |
Title |
Wolves, Moose, and Tree Rings on Isle Royale |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
266 |
Issue |
5190 |
Pages |
1555-1558 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
Investigation of tree growth in Isle Royale National Park in Michigan revealed the influence of herbivores and carnivores on plants in an intimately linked food chain. Plant growth rates were regulated by cycles in animal density and responded to annual changes in primary productivity only when released from herbivory by wolf predation. Isle Royale's dendrochronology complements a rich literature on food chain control in aquatic systems, which often supports a trophic cascade model. This study provides evidence of top-down control in a forested ecosystem. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4995 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Milo, R.; Itzkovitz, S.; Kashtan, N.; Levitt, R.; Alon, U. |
Title |
Response to Comment on “Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks” and “Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks” |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
305 |
Issue |
5687 |
Pages |
1107d |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
|
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
10.1126/science.1100519 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5031 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Milo, R.; Shen-Orr, S.; Itzkovitz, S.; Kashtan, N.; Chklovskii, D.; Alon, U. |
Title |
Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
298 |
Issue |
5594 |
Pages |
824-827 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
Complex networks are studied across many fields of science. To uncover their structural design principles, we defined “network motifs,” patterns of interconnections occurring in complex networks at numbers that are significantly higher than those in randomized networks. We found such motifs in networks from biochemistry, neurobiology, ecology, and engineering. The motifs shared by ecological food webs were distinct from the motifs shared by the genetic networks of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae or from those found in the World Wide Web. Similar motifs were found in networks that perform information processing, even though they describe elements as different as biomolecules within a cell and synaptic connections between neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. Motifs may thus define universal classes of networks. This approach may uncover the basic building blocks of most networks. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
10.1126/science.298.5594.824 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5032 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Milo, R.; Itzkovitz, S.; Kashtan, N.; Levitt, R.; Shen-Orr, S.; Ayzenshtat, I.; Sheffer, M.; Alon, U. |
Title |
Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
303 |
Issue |
5663 |
Pages |
1538-1542 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
Complex biological, technological, and sociological networks can be of very different sizes and connectivities, making it difficult to compare their structures. Here we present an approach to systematically study similarity in the local structure of networks, based on the significance profile (SP) of small subgraphs in the network compared to randomized networks. We find several superfamilies of previously unrelated networks with very similar SPs. One superfamily, including transcription networks of microorganisms, represents “rate-limited” information-processing networks strongly constrained by the response time of their components. A distinct superfamily includes protein signaling, developmental genetic networks, and neuronal wiring. Additional superfamilies include power grids, protein-structure networks and geometric networks, World Wide Web links and social networks, and word-adjacency networks from different languages. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
10.1126/science.1089167 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5033 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Artzy-Randrup, Y.; Fleishman, S.J.; Ben-Tal, N.; Stone, L. |
Title |
Comment on “Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks” and “Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks” |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
305 |
Issue |
5687 |
Pages |
1107c |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
|
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
10.1126/science.1099334 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5037 |
Permanent link to this record |