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Hoffmann R,. (1983). The development of social behavior in immature males of a feral horse population. Diss Tübingen, .
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Java Rl,. (1983). Census of wild Ass. Tigerpaper, 10, 23.
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Kaseda Y,. (1983). Seasonal variations in heart rate and body temperature of Misaki horses. Proc Vth Wid Conf Anim Prod, 2, 765–766.
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Lang Em,. (1983). Die Somaliwildesel, Equus asinus somalicus, im Basler Zoo. Zool Garten NF, 53, 73–80.
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Miller R,. (1983). Habitat use of feral horses and cattle in Wyoming's Red Desert. J Range Mgmt, 36, 195–199.
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Miller R,. (1983). Seasonal movements and home ranges of feral horse bands in Wyoming's Red Desert. J Range Mgmt, 36, 199–201.
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Ryder O,. (1983). The quagga is gone but its genes may survive. Zoonooz San Diego Zoo, 16.
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Shaki Sp,. (1983). About the indian Wild ass. Tigerpaper, 10, 13–16.
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Lindsay, F. E., & Burton, F. L. (1983). Observational study of “urine testing” in the horse and donkey stallion. Equine Vet J, 15(4), 330–336.
Abstract: Although “urine testing” is said to enable the male equid to assess the sexual status of the mare, there are no reports in the literature of any detailed study of this behavioural response of the stallion. Behavioural response to conspecific urine was studied in two horse stallions and one donkey stallion. The relevant nasopalatine anatomy is described. Events observed during urine testing included head, neck, lip, jaw, tongue movements, penile changes and nasal secretion. Nasal endoscopy indicated that the source of part of the nasal secretion was the secretory glands of the vomeronasal organ complex. The significance and probable function of these events in urine testing is discussed.
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Crook, J. H. (1983). On attributing consciousness to animals. Nature, 303(5912), 11–14.
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