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Cordeiro de Sousa, M.; Xavier, N.; Alves da Silva, H.; Souza de Oliveira, M.; Yamamoto, M. |
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Title |
Hand preference study in marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) using food reaching tests |
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2001 |
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Primates |
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Primates |
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42 |
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1 |
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57-66 |
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Abstract Hand preference has been investigated in New World primates but the data obtained thus far are controversial. In this study we investigated hand preference in common marmosets,Callithrix jacchus, during the execution of a reaching for food task. We used 46 adult common marmoset males (n=27) and females (n=19) from the Universidade of Rio Grande do Norte colony, both wild and captive-born. To test the hand preference we used a device measuring 10 cm2, with a central hole 1 cm in diameter, to force the animal to use only one hand to reach for food on a food dish located underneath. Each animal was tested 5 times and had to make a maximum of 20 successful attempts per session. A total of 100 successful attempts per animal and 4,600 successful attempts for all animals were recorded during the experiment. Latency and duration of the sessions were measured and we found preference for the use of one of the hands in common marmoset individuals, i.e. 45 of total of 46 animals used significantly more the right or the left hand when performing the task. However no bias at the population level was found. Females born in captivity presented an increase in the duration of latency for the first successful attempt and in the total duration of the test sessions. These findings might be indicating differences associated with a natural tendency for females to be more selective and to spend more time exploring alimentary sources. Additionally, captive-born females may have a constrain in developing cognitive abilities regarding foraging since they have food available during most part of the time. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3149 |
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Iversen, I.H.; Matsuzawa, T. |
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Acquisition of navigation by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in an automated fingermaze task |
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2001 |
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Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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4 |
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3 |
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179-192 |
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These experiments investigated how chimpanzees learn to navigate visual fingermazes presented on a touch monitor. The aim was to determine whether training the subjects to solve several different mazes would establish a generalized map-reading skill such that they would solve new mazes correctly on the first presentation. In experiment 1, two captive adult female chimpanzees were trained to move a visual object (a ball) with a finger over the monitor surface toward a target through a grid of obstacles that formed a maze. The task was fully automated with storage of movement paths on individual trials. Training progressed from very simple mazes with one obstacle to complex mazes with several obstacles. The subjects learned to move the ball to the target in a curved path so as to avoid obstacles and blind alleys. After training on several mazes, both subjects developed a high level of efficiency in moving the ball to the target in a path that closely approached the ideal shortest path. New mazes were then presented to determine whether the subjects had acquired a more generalized maze-solving performance. The subjects solved 65–100% of the new mazes the first time they were presented by moving the ball around obstacles to the target without making detours into blind alleys. In experiment 2, one of the chimpanzees was trained using mazes with two routes to the target. One of the routes was blocked at one of many possible locations. After training to avoid the blind alley in different mazes, new mazes were presented that also had one route blocked. The subject correctly solved 90.7% of the novel mazes. When the mazes had one short and one long open route to the target the subject preferred the shorter route. When the short route was blocked, the subject solved only 53.3% of the mazes because of the preference for the shorter route even when blocked. The overall results suggest that with the training methods used the subjects learned to solve specific mazes with a trial-and-error method. Although both subjects were able to solve many of the novel mazes they did not fully develop a more general “map-reading” skill. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3160 |
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Author |
Takeshita, H. |
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Title |
Development of combinatory manipulation in chimpanzee infants (Pan troglodytes) |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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4 |
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3 |
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335-345 |
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I made systematic observations of three infant chimpanzees aged 2–4 years, who participated in a series of diagnostic tests of combinatory manipulation. The tasks were stacking blocks, seriating nesting cups, and inserting an object into the corresponding hole in a plate or a box. These tasks were originally devised for developmental diagnosis of human infants. The chimpanzee infants displayed combinatory manipulation comparable to that of 1-year-old human infants. Common motor characteristics were observed across the tasks, namely “repetition” of actions, “adjustment” of actions, “reversal” of actions, and “shifts” of attention. Humans and chimpanzees share these actions when manipulating multiple objects to complete a task. Repetition, adjustment, and reversal of actions and shifts of attention underlie higher levels of cognition common to both species. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3174 |
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Okanoya, K.; Ikebuchi, M.; Uno, H.; Watanabe, S. |
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Title |
Left-side dominance for song discrimination in Bengalese finches (Lonchura striata var. domestica) |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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4 |
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3 |
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241-245 |
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Male Bengalese finches are left-side dominant for the motor control of song in the sensorimotor nucleus (the high vocal center, or HVc) of the telencephalon. We examined whether perceptual discrimination of songs might also be lateralized in this species. Twelve male Bengalese finches were trained by operant conditioning to discriminate between a Bengalese finch song and a zebra finch song. Before training, the left HVc was lesioned in four birds and the right HVc was lesioned in four other birds. The remaining four birds were used as controls without surgery. Birds with a left HVc lesion required significantly more time to learn to discriminate between the two songs than did birds with a right HVc lesion or intact control birds. These results suggest that the left HVc is not only dominant for the motor control of song, but also for the perceptual discrimination of song. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3287 |
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Leippert, D.; Goymann, W.; Hofer, H.; Marimuthu, G.; Balasingh, J. |
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Title |
Roost-mate communication in adult Indian false vampire bats (Megaderma lyra): an indication of individuality in temporal and spectral pattern |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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3 |
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2 |
Pages |
99-106 |
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The remarkable cognitive abilities of bats indicate that they may recognise particular conspecifics. Because of their highly developed auditory system, it is obvious that vocalisations of bats may give information about the individual emitting them. In a field study of the social behaviour in the Indian false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra), two different types of vocalisation were recorded and analysed. The bats emitted these vocalisations only while aggregating with conspecifics inside the day roost. The “landing strophe” consisted of a number of brief multiharmonic downward frequency-modulated (FMdown) sounds which levelled off as a constant frequency (CF), and the “clatter strophe” was composed of a number of multiharmonic FMdown sounds which became shallow at the end as a short CF. The sounds of the landing strophe and the ¶clatter strophe differed in repetition rate, duration, harmonic components and frequency. Time pattern and peak frequency of the two sound types differed highly significantly between single, unidentified bats. The sounds were inter-individually distinct when the three parameters were combined as an acoustical space. Therefore, these vocalisations might be used for individual recognition in adult bats. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3297 |
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Kusayama, T.; Bischof, H.-J.; Watanabe, S. |
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Responses to mirror-image stimulation in jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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3 |
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1 |
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61-64 |
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Four jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) were exposed to a mirror placed either vertically or horizontally. The most frequently observed behaviors were pecking at the mirror and wing flapping when looking toward the mirror. These behavior patterns, which were only rarely observed when the mirror was reversed, can be interpreted as aggressive behaviors against a conspecific. The vertical mirror evoked the behaviors more often than the horizontal mirror. The present results suggest that crows perceive their mirror image as an image of a conspecific, not as their own. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3319 |
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Author |
Cruz, H. |
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Towards a Darwinian Approach to Mathematics |
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2006 |
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Foundations of Science |
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11 |
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157-196 |
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3441 |
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Sickler, J.; Fraser, J.; Webler, T.; Reiss, D.; Boyle, P.; Lyn, H.; Lemcke, K.; Gruber, S. |
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Social Narratives Surrounding Dolphins: Q Method Study |
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2006 |
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Society and Animals |
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351-382 |
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3431 |
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Zachritz W.H.; Lundie L.L.; Wang H.; Thomas R.K. |
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Investigating cognitive abilities in animals: unrealized potential |
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1996 |
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Cognitive Brain Research |
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3449 |
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Bizot J.-C.; Thiebot M.-H. |
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Impulsivity as a confounding factor in certain animal tests of cognitive function |
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1996 |
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Cognitive Brain Research |
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243-250 |
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