| Records |
| Author |
Dyer, F. C. |
| Title |
Individual cognition and group movement: insights from social insects. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Group Movement in Social Primates and Other Animals: Patterns, Processes, and Cognitive Implications. |
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University of Chicago Press |
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Chicago |
Editor |
Garber, P.;Boinski, S. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4425 |
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| Author |
Sawaguchi, T.; Kudo, H. |
| Title |
Neocortical development and social structure in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
283-289 |
| Keywords |
Neocortex – Relative size – Allometry – Congeneric group – Social structure – Monogyny – Polygyny – Primates |
| Abstract |
Abstract  The relationships between the relative size of the neocortex and differences in social structures were examined in prosimians and anthropoids. The relative size of the neocortex (RSN) of a given congeneric group in each superfamily of primates was measured based on the allometric relationships between neocortical volume and brain weight for each superfamily, to control phylogenetic affinity and the effects of brain size. In prosimians, “troop-making” congeneric groups (N=3) revealed a significantly larger RSN than solitary groups (N=6), and there was a significant, positive correlation between RSN and troop size. In the case of anthropoids, polygynous/frugivorous groups (N=5) revealed a significantly larger RSN than monogynous/frugivorous groups (N=8). Furthermore, a significant, positive correlation between RSN and troop size was found for frugivorous congeneric groups of the Ceboidea. These results suggest that neocortical development is associated with differences in social structure among primates. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4799 |
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| Author |
Hashimoto, C.; Takenaka, O.; Furuichi, T. |
| Title |
Matrilineal kin relationship and social behavior of wild bonobos (Pan paniscus): Sequencing the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
37 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
305-318-318 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Matrilineal kin-relations among wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) were studied by DNA analysis. Subject individuals were the members of E1 group, living at Wamba, Zaire, which has been studied since 1974. DNA samples were extracted from wadges that bonobos spat out when feeding on sugar cane. The D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA was amplified by the PCR method, and a nucleotide sequence of 350 base pairs was determined for 17 individuals. Nucleotide variations were found at 44 positions of the sequence. Based on these variations, 13 matrilineal units were divided into seven groups, and the mother of an orphan male was determined among several females. These genetic analyses, together with behavioral observation to date, revealed the following facts. High sequence variation in the target region indicated that females transfer between groups of bonobos, which is in agreement with supposition from long-term field studies. For females, there was no relationship between genetic closeness and social closeness that is represented by frequencies of proximity or grooming. After immigration into a new group, females form social associations with senior females without regard to kin relationship. |
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Springer Japan |
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0032-8332 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5199 |
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| Author |
Imanishi, K. |
| Title |
Identification : A process of enculturation in the subhuman society of Macaca fuscata |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1957 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-29-29 |
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Biomedical and Life Sciences |
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Springer Japan |
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0032-8332 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5266 |
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| Author |
Koyama, N. |
| Title |
Playmate relationships among individuals of the Japanese monkey troop in arashiyama |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
390-406-406 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Observations of play behavior were made on a troop of Japanese monkeys for five months. The troop consisted of 125 animals during the study period. Only 104 animals were observed playing with the troop members while the other 21 animals were never observed playing with other individuals. Two-member play was the most frequent. On the average, a monkey played with 20.7 individuals. A total of 6,068 play bouts were observed. The frequency of play appeared to be affected by age, sex, and degree of relatedness. One-year-old infant males played most with other members and the frequency of play decreased with age. Between monkeys whose disparity of age was less than two years, 5,763 bouts (95.0% of the total) were observed. Moreover, among sameaged monkeys who comprised 10.6% of the possible pair combinations, 2,739 play bouts (45.1%) were observed. Juvenile males played with same-sexed peers more than with opposite-sexed peers, whereas older juvenile females appeared to play with infants of both sexes. Individuals who were related and similarly-ranked tended to play together. There was no apparent preference for animals to play with the offspring of the highest-ranking female. Dominance rank of infnats and juveniles was primarily affected by rank of their mothers and to a lesser extent by play partners. Dominance rank of older juvenile males is more likely to be affected by play partners than females. It may be a critical time for males when they leave their natal troop and join a new troop. The timing of troop shifting by males seemed to be affected by the presence or absence of play-mates. For male Japanese monkeys, play is very important in developing social bonds. Play may act to perpetuate social bonds, enhance the chance of survival, and may contribute to their future reproductive success. |
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Springer Japan |
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0032-8332 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5327 |
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| Author |
McGrew, W.; Marchant, L. |
| Title |
Laterality of hand use pays off in foraging success for wild chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
509-513 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
The aim of this study was to see if behavioral lateralization in hand use benefits a lateralized organism in nature. We recorded wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Gombe, Tanzania, fishing for termites (Macrotermes spp.), an extractive foraging task using elementary technology. We compared individual apes who were completely lateralized, using only one hand or the other for the task, versus those who were incompletely lateralized, using either hand. Exclusively lateralized individuals were more efficient, that is, gathered more prey per unit effort, but were no different in success or error rate from incompletely lateralized apes. This is the first demonstration of a payoff to laterality of behavioral function in primates in conditions of ecological validity. |
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Springer Japan |
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0032-8332 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5368 |
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Gholib, G.; Heistermann, M.; Agil, M.; Supriatna, I.; Purwantara, B.; Nugraha, T.P.; Engelhardt, A. |
| Title |
Comparison of fecal preservation and extraction methods for steroid hormone metabolite analysis in wild crested macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
281-292 |
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Since the non-invasive field endocrinology techniques were developed, several fecal preservation and extraction methods have been established for a variety of species. However, direct adaptation of methods from previous studies for use in crested macaques should be taken with caution. We conducted an experiment to assess the accuracy and stability of fecal estrogen metabolite (E1C) and glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) concentrations in response to several preservation parameters: (1) time lag between sample collection and fecal preservation; (2) long-term storage of fecal samples in 80% methanol (MeOH) at ambient temperature; (3) different degrees of feces drying temperature using a conventional oven; and (4) different fecal preservation techniques (i.e., freeze-drying, oven-drying, and field-friendly extraction method) and extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, and commercial alcohol). The study used fecal samples collected from crested macaques (Macaca nigra) living in the Tangkoko Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Samples were assayed using validated E1C and GCM enzyme immunoassays. Concentrations of E1C and GCM in unprocessed feces stored at ambient temperature remained stable for up to 8 h of storage after which concentrations of both E1C and GCM changed significantly compared to controls extracted at time 0. Long-term storage in 80% MeOH at ambient temperature affected hormone concentrations significantly with concentrations of both E1C and GCM increasing after 6 and 4 months of storage, respectively. Drying fecal samples using a conventional oven at 50, 70, and 90 °C did not affect the E1C concentrations, but led to a significant decline for GCM concentrations in samples dried at 90 °C. Different fecal preservation techniques and extraction solvents provided similar results for both E1C and GCM concentrations. Our results confirm previous studies that prior to application of fecal hormone analysis in a new species, several preservation parameters should be evaluated for their effects on hormone metabolite stability. The results also provide several options for fecal preservation, extraction, and storage methods that can be selected depending on the condition of the field site and laboratory. |
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1610-7365 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gholib2018 |
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6521 |
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| Author |
Bonnie, K.E.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
Affiliation promotes the transmission of a social custom: handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
27-34 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Zoo/*physiology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Cultural Evolution; Grooming/*physiology; Observation; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Handclasp grooming is a unique social custom, known to occur regularly among some, but not all populations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). As with other cultural behaviors, it is assumed that this distinctive grooming posture is learned socially by one individual from another. However, statistical comparisons among factors thought to influence how a behavior spreads within a group have never, to our knowledge, been conducted. In the present study, the origination and spread of handclasp grooming in a group of captive chimpanzees was followed throughout more than 1,500 h of observation over a period of 12 years. We report on the frequency, bout duration, and number and demography of performers throughout the study period, and compare these findings to those reported for wild populations. We predicted that dyads with strong affiliative ties, measured by time spent in proximity to and grooming one another, were likely to develop a handclasp grooming partnership during the study period. A quadratic assignment procedure was used to compare correlations among observed frequencies of grooming and proximity with handclasp grooming in all possible dyads within the group. As predicted, the formation of new handclasp grooming dyads was positively correlated with the rate of overall grooming and proximity within a dyad. In addition, in nearly all dyads formed, at least one individual had been previously observed to handclasp groom. We concluded that affiliation and individual experience determines the transmission of handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Emory University, and Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, GA 30329, USA. kebonni@emory.edu |
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0032-8332 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16142425 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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161 |
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Brosnan, S.F.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
Responses to a simple barter task in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
46 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
173-182 |
| Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; Choice Behavior/*physiology; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology; Learning/*physiology; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Reward; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; *Token Economy |
| Abstract |
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) frequently participate in social exchange involving multiple goods and services of variable value, yet they have not been tested in a formalized situation to see whether they can barter using multiple tokens and rewards. We set up a simple barter economy with two tokens and two associated rewards and tested chimpanzees on their ability to obtain rewards by returning the matching token in situations in which their access to tokens was unlimited or limited. Chimpanzees easily learned to associate value with the tokens, as expected, and did barter, but followed a simple strategy of favoring the higher-value token, regardless of the reward proffered, instead of a more complex but more effective strategy of returning the token that matched the reward. This response is similar to that shown by capuchin monkeys in our previous study. We speculate that this response, while not ideal, may be sufficient to allow for stability of the social exchange system in these primates, and that the importance of social barter to both species may have led to this convergence of strategies. |
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Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu |
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0032-8332 |
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PMID:15824938 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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167 |
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Assersohn, C.; Whiten, A.; Kiwede, Z.T.; Tinka, J.; Karamagi, J. |
| Title |
Use of leaves to inspect ectoparasites in wild chimpanzees: a third cultural variant? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
45 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
255-258 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology; Ape Diseases/*parasitology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/parasitology/*veterinary; Female; Grooming/*physiology; Male; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; *Plant Leaves; Protozoa/*isolation & purification; Uganda |
| Abstract |
We report 26 cases of using leaves as tools with which wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Sonso community, Budongo Forest, Uganda, appeared to inspect objects removed during grooming. Careful removal of potential ectoparasites and delicate lip or manual placement on leaves followed by intense visual examination characterised this behaviour. It appears to be done to judge whether either ingestion or discarding is most appropriate, the former occurring in most cases. This behaviour may represent a third variant of ectoparasite handling, different from those described at Tai and Gombe, yet sharing features with the latter. These two East African techniques may thus have evolved from leaf grooming. |
| Address |
Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JU, Fife, UK |
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English |
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0032-8332 |
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PMID:15179558 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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733 |
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