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Author | Holmstrom, M.; Drevemo, S. | ||||
Title | Effects of trot quality and collection on the angular velocity in the hindlimbs of riding horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
Volume | Issue | 23 | Pages | 62-65 | |
Keywords | Animals; Femur/physiology; Gait/*physiology; Hindlimb/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Male; Movement/physiology; Statistics; Time Factors | ||||
Abstract | The angular velocities of the hindlimb angles of 14 horses, including 6 Grand Prix dressage horses, 4 horses judged as good at the trot and 4 horses judged as poor, were analysed. The horse material was the same as previously used by Holmstrom (1994) in studies on conformation and trotting gaits in the Swedish Warmblood riding horse. Four consecutive strides of each horse and the corresponding pace were analysed and mean velocity curves (Xh) for each angle were calculated. Before calculation the data were filtered forwards and backwards with a Butterworth third order filter with a cut off frequency of 60 Hz. During the last 60% of the stance phase there were differences between the horses judged as good and poor at the trot in all the analysed hindlimb angles except the femur inclination. The angular velocity in the hock joint, pelvis inclination and hindlimb pendulation was larger in the good horses. The angular velocity of the hindlimb pendulation decreased with collection in the Grand Prix horses. During parts of the stance phase, there was also a gradual decrease in the femur angular velocity from trot at hand to piaffe. In the hock joint, there was no difference in angular velocity between trot at hand and passage during the last 30%. The higher compression of the hock angle and pelvic angle to the horizontal plane probably reflects a higher compression of the whole hindlimb. It probably contributes to the greater springiness in the movements of good young horses and Grand Prix dressage horses. The results from the present study confirmed the importance of storing elastic strain energy for the quality of the dressage horse gaits. | ||||
Address | Dept. of Anatomy and Histology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | PMID:9354292 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial ![]() |
3736 | ||
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Author | Foster, T.M.; Temple, W.; Cameron, B.; Poling, A. | ||||
Title | Demand curves for food in hens: Similarity under fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio schedules | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 39 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 177-185 |
Keywords | Progressive-ratio schedule; Fixed-ratio schedule; Demand curves; Behavioral economics; Animal welfare; Keypecking; Chickens | ||||
Abstract | Demand curves were generated for five domestic hens under progressive-ratio 5 schedules of food delivery and under fixed-ratio schedules of food delivery that began at fixed-ratio 5 and were incremented by 5 each session. All sessions ended after 10 consecutive minutes without a response. Although response rates at a given ratio were higher under the progressive-ratio schedule, all hens completed higher ratios under the fixed-ratio schedule. Similar, but not identical, demand curves were generated under progressive-ratio and fixed-ratio schedules. Under both schedules, consumption (reinforcers earned) decreased as cost (ratio size) increased. Data generally were well described by an equation in which elasticity of demand is constant, although an equation in which elasticity could vary accounted for slightly more of the variance. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial ![]() |
3603 | ||
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Author | Foster, T.M.; Matthews, L.R.; Temple, W.; Poling, A. | ||||
Title | Concurrent schedule performance in domestic goats: persistent undermatching | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 40 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 231-237 |
Keywords | Matching equation; Undermatching; Variable-interval schedule; Nose-press response; Goats | ||||
Abstract | Performance of nine domestic goats responding under concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedules of food delivery was examined, with results analyzed in terms of the generalized matching equation. Substantial undermatching of response and time allocation ratios to obtained reinforcement ratios was evident. Post-reinforcement pause time ratios approximately matched obtained reinforcement ratios. Subtracting these times from total time allocation values yielded net time allocation ratios, which undermatched obtained reinforcement ratios to a greater degree than whole-session time allocation ratios. Slopes of regression lines relating behavioral outputs to environmental inputs characteristically were below 0.6, which is similar to previous findings in dairy cows tested under comparable conditions. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial ![]() |
3602 | ||
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Author | Rundgren, M.; Nordin, A. | ||||
Title | Personality profile and simple learning tests for horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Animal Production | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-4 | ||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Vienna | Editor | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial ![]() |
3598 | ||
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Author | Bayley,L.; Maxwell, R. (eds) | ||||
Title | Understanding Your Horse: How to Overcome Common Behaviour Problems | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | Editorial Reviews From Booklist “Problem” horses are usually horses that are trying to tell their owners that something is wrong and reacting in the only way they know how. Lesley Bayley leads the reader through Richard Maxwell's system of understanding equine psychology and for overcoming some of the natural responses that horses use in situations that frighten or confuse them. Beginning with two chapters on how horses communicate with each other (and with their owners), the authors go on to describe the effects of pain on the horse's behavior. Two chapters on establishing trust with older, difficult horses and with “starting” (breaking in) foals and young horses lead into the final sections on dealing with specific behavioral problems. The authors stress that positive reinforcement of desired behaviors will achieve the desired results, and that understanding why a horse is acting the way it does goes a long way toward getting it to develop desirable habits or toward changing undesirable conduct. This will be an extremely useful adjunct to all of the how-to books on riding and horse care. Nancy Bent Book Description A wealth of sound advice on how to “listen to” and really understand your horse, with a caring approach to techniques for training and overcoming behavioral problems. |
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Publisher | Trafalgar Square Publishing | Place of Publication | Editor | Bayley,L.; Maxwell, R. | |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-1570760730 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial ![]() |
3593 | ||
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Author | Le Scolan, N.; Hausberger, M.; Wolff, A. | ||||
Title | Stability over situations in temperamental traits of horses as revealed by experimental and scoring approaches | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 41 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 257-266 |
Keywords | Behavioural tests; Horse; Ratings; Temperament | ||||
Abstract | Individual behavioural reactions of adult horses in a variety of experimental tests were compared with ratings by riding teachers. The tests were made in a non working situation, with the animals being released in an arena, a box (arena test, new object test, learning tests) or handled (new object/handling situation). The traits rated by teachers were fearfulness, nervousness, gregariousness and learning abilities at work (ridden or handled). Despite a great homogeneity in the reactions exhibited by the horses in the different situations, large individual differences were present. Correlations appeared between the reactivity in the arena test and the score of gregariousness, between the reactivity in the novel object test and the rating of nervousness when ridden, between the results in the handling test and the rating of general fearfulness and between the ability to memorise an instrumental task and the score of general learning ability. Such results strengthen the idea that there are underlying behavioural dispositions that are stable across situations and that the experimental tests may be good predictors of the temperament in untrained animals. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial ![]() |
3591 | ||
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Author | Flannery, B. | ||||
Title | Relational discrimination learning in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 54 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 267-280 |
Keywords | Horses; Shaping; Complex discrimination; Concept formation; Generalization ability; Training | ||||
Abstract | This series of studies investigated horses' ability to learn the concept of sameness under several different conditions. Before experimentation began, three horses were shaped to touch individually presented stimuli with their muzzles, and then to make two responses to two matching cards from an array of three. A modified version of the identity matching-to-sample (IMTS) procedure was used to present stimuli in a variety of configural arrangements on a barn wall (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2), and on a flat panel mounted to a barn door (Experiment 3). The task in each experiment was to select the two stimulus cards that were the same (either circles or Xs) and to avoid the nonmatching stimulus card (either a star or a square). In Experiment 1, the mean accuracy rate for selecting the matching alternatives was 74%. The horses' accuracy levels reached a mean level of 83% during Experiment 2, in which they received additional trials and an intermittent secondary reinforcement schedule. In Experiment 3, when the stimuli were moved further apart from each other within arrangements and were presented on a novel background, the mean accuracy rate was 73%. These data demonstrate that horses can learn complex discrimination problems involving the concept of sameness, and that they are able to generalize this learning to a novel stimulus presentation situation. These results also suggest that a relational discrimination test may be useful for assessing horses' learning ability and the level of training appropriate for individual horses. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial ![]() |
3557 | ||
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Author | Bekoff M. | ||||
Title | Deep Ethology, Animal Rights, and the Great Ape/Animal Project: Resisting Speciesism and Expanding the Community of Equals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 269-296 | |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial ![]() |
3470 | ||
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Author | Hauser MD | ||||
Title | Artifactual kinds and functional design features: what a primate understands without language | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 64 | Issue | Pages | 285 | |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial ![]() |
3064 | ||
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Author | Povinelli DJ; Gallup GG; Eddy TJ; Bierschwale DT; Engstrom MC | ||||
Title | Chimpanzees recognize themselves in mirrors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 53 | Issue | Pages | 1083 | |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial ![]() |
3029 | ||
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