Trögel, D., Wolter, R., & Krueger, K. (2014). Fallstudie zum Platzangebot, Verhalten und Wohlbefinden der Pferde (Equus caballus) in Mehrraum-Außenlaufställen mit Aus-lauf und Bewegungsställen [A case study to space, behavior and well-being of horses (Equus caballus) in open stables and open active stables]. In KTBL Schriften. Darmstadt.
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Lerbs, S., Raue, T., & Krüger, K. (2014). Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen natürlicher Schiefe und motorischer und sensorischer Einseitigkeit der Fohlen (Equus caballus)? In Pferdetage Baden-Württemberg 2014. Stuttgart: Matthaes Medien.
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Wolter, R., Pantel, N., Möstl, E., & Küger, K. (2014). Das Verhalten von Przewalski Pferden in Semi-Reservaten. In Pferdetage Baden-Württemberg 2014. Stuttgart: Matthaes Medien.
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Krueger, K. (2014). Die Bedeutung der Schiefe, Händigkeit und sensorische Lateralität der Pferde. In Pferdetage Baden-Württemberg 2014. Stuttgart: Matthaes Medien.
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Krueger, K. (2014). “Pferdehaltung und Ethologie der Pferde” im Bachelorstudiengang Pferdewirtschaft. In : S. Lepp und C. Niederdrenk-Felgner (Ed.), Forschendes Lernen initiieren, umsetzen und reflektieren (pp. 54–81). Bielefeld: UniversitätsVerlag Webler.
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Krueger, K., & Koenig von Borstel, U. (2014). Wie Pferde lernen. In Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e.V. (Ed.), Pferde verstehen – Umgang und Bodenarbeit (pp. 56–82). Warendorf: FN Verlag der deutschen Reiterlichen Vereinigung GmbH.
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Krueger, K., & Koenig von Borstel, U. (2014). Grundlagen der Sinneswahrnehmung von Pferden. In Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e.V. (Ed.), Pferde verstehen – Umgang und Bodenarbeit (pp. 38–54). Warendorf: FN Verlag der deutschen Reiterlichen Vereinigung GmbH.
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Wathan, J., & McComb, K. (2014). The eyes and ears are visual indicators of attention in domestic horses. Current Biology, 24(15), R677–R679.
Abstract: Summary Sensitivity to the attentional states of others has adaptive advantages [1], and in social animals, attending to others is important for predator detection, as well as a pre-requisite for normal social functioning and more complex socio-cognitive abilities [2]. Despite widespread interest in how social species perceive attention in others, studies of non-human animals have been inconclusive about the detailed cues involved [3]. Previous work has focused on head and eye direction, overlooking the fact that many mammals have obvious and mobile ears that could act as a visual cue to attention. Here we report that horses use the head orientation of a conspecific to locate food, but that this ability is disrupted when parts of the face (the eyes and ears) are covered up with naturalistic masks. The ability to correctly judge attention also interacted with the identity of the model horse, suggesting that individual differences in facial features may influence the salience of cues. Our results indicate that a combination of head orientation with facial expression, specifically involving both the eyes and ears, is necessary for communicating social attention. These findings emphasise that in order to understand how attention is communicated in non-human animals, it is essential to consider a broad range of cues.
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Svobodová, I., Chaloupková, H., Koncel, R., Barto, L., Hradecká, L., & Jebavý, L. . (2014). Cortisol and Secretory Immunoglobulin A Response to Stress in German Shepherd Dogs. PLoS ONE, 9(3), e90820 EP -.
Abstract: <p>The aim of the study was to determine whether cortisol and secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) could be used as an indicator of acute stress in both young and adult dogs. Seventeen German shepherd puppies were exposed to the Puppy test (challenge test) at the age of seven weeks. This test has been routinely used to assess the future working ability of potential police dogs. In addition, ten adult females were subjected to 4 minutes of defense training under stressful conditions. Saliva was collected from the puppies and adult females before testing and 20 minutes after the start of testing, using a cotton swab held for 12 minutes in each dog's mouth. Cortisol concentrations increased after the test compared to the control sample both in puppies and the adult females. However adult females showed a significant decrease in sIgA after defense training while puppies showed a tendency of increase in sIgA. We propose that salivary cortisol could be used as an indicator of stress in puppies during early ontogeny. It is not yet clear whether sIgA could be used as a useful indicator of short-term stress in dogs.</p>
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Peugnet, P., Wimel, L., Duchamp, G., Sandersen, C., Camous, S., Guillaume, D., et al. (2014). Enhanced or Reduced Fetal Growth Induced by Embryo Transfer into Smaller or Larger Breeds Alters Post-Natal Growth and Metabolism in Pre-Weaning Horses. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e102044 EP -.
Abstract: <p>In equids, placentation is diffuse and nutrient supply to the fetus is determined by uterine size. This correlates with maternal size and affects intra-uterine development and subsequent post-natal growth, as well as insulin sensitivity in the newborn. Long-term effects remain to be described. In this study, fetal growth was enhanced or restricted through ET using pony (P), saddlebred (S) and draft (D) horses. Control P-P (nâ=â21) and S-S (nâ=â28) pregnancies were obtained by AI. Enhanced and restricted pregnancies were obtained by transferring P or S embryos into D mares (P-D, nâ=â6 and S-D, nâ=â8) or S embryos into P mares (S-P, nâ=â6), respectively. Control and experimental foals were raised by their dams and recipient mothers, respectively. Weight gain, growth hormones and glucose homeostasis were investigated in the foals from birth to weaning. Fetal growth was enhanced in P-D and these foals remained consistently heavier, with reduced T3 concentrations until weaning compared to P-P. P-D had lower fasting glucose from days 30 to 200 and higher insulin secretion than P-P after IVGTT on day 3. Euglycemic clamps in the immediate post-weaning period revealed no difference in insulin sensitivity between P-D and P-P. Fetal growth was restricted in S-P and these foals remained consistently lighter until weaning compared to S-D, with elevated T3 concentrations in the newborn compared to S-S. S-P exhibited higher fasting glycemia than S-S and S-D from days 30 to 200. They had higher maximum increment in plasma glucose than S-D after IVGTT on day 3 and clamps on day 200 demonstrated higher insulin sensitivity compared to S-D. Neither the restricted nor the enhanced fetal environment affected IGF-1 concentrations. Thus, enhanced and restricted fetal and post-natal environments had combined effects that persisted until weaning. They induced different adaptive responses in post-natal glucose metabolism: an early insulin-resistance was induced in enhanced P-D, while S-P developed increased insulin sensitivity.</p>
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