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Liberg, O.; Chapron, G.; Wabakken, P.; Pedersen, H.C.; Hobbs, N.T.; Sand, H. |
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Title |
Shoot, shovel and shut up: cryptic poaching slows restoration of a large carnivore in Europe |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proc Biol Sci |
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Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B |
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279 |
Issue |
1730 |
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910-915 |
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Abstract |
Poaching is a widespread and well-appreciated problem for the conservation of many threatened species. Because poaching is illegal, there is strong incentive for poachers to conceal their activities, and consequently, little data on the effects of poaching on population dynamics are available. Quantifying poaching mortality should be a required knowledge when developing conservation plans for endangered species but is hampered by methodological challenges. We show that rigorous estimates of the effects of poaching relative to other sources of mortality can be obtained with a hierarchical state-space model combined with multiple sources of data. Using the Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population as an illustrative example, we show that poaching accounted for approximately half of total mortality and more than two-thirds of total poaching remained undetected by conventional methods, a source of mortality we term as 'cryptic poaching'. Our simulations suggest that without poaching during the past decade, the population would have been almost four times as large in 2009. Such a severe impact of poaching on population recovery may be widespread among large carnivores. We believe that conservation strategies for large carnivores considering only observed data may not be adequate and should be revised by including and quantifying cryptic poaching. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6380 |
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Albiach-Serrano, A.; Bräuer, J.; Cacchione, T.; Zickert, N.; Amici, F. |
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Title |
The effect of domestication and ontogeny in swine cognition (Sus scrofa scrofa and S. s. domestica) |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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141 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Albiach-Serrano2012 |
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6329 |
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Author |
Range, F.; Möslinger, H.; Virányi, Z. |
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Domestication has not affected the understanding of means-end connections in dogs |
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2012 |
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Anim Cogn |
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15 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Range2012 |
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6322 |
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Van Schaik, C.P.; Isler, K.; Burkart, J.M. |
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Title |
Explaining brain size variation: from social to cultural brain |
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2012 |
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Trends Ecol Evol |
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16 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Van Schaik2012 |
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6304 |
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Tennie, C.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
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Title |
Untrained chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) fail to imitate novel actions |
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2012 |
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PLoS One |
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7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Tennie2012 |
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6289 |
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Van Horik, J.; Clayton, N.; Emery, N. |
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Title |
Convergent evolution of cognition in Corvids, Apes and other animals |
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2012 |
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Oxford Handbook of Comparative Evolutionary Psychology |
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Oxford University Press |
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New York |
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Vonk, J.; Shackelford, T. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Van Horik2012 |
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6284 |
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Briefer, E.F.; Padilla de la Torre, M.; McElligott, A.G. |
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Title |
Mother goats do not forget their kids' calls |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
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Proc R Soc B |
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279 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Briefer2012 |
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6282 |
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Author |
Thornton, A.; Samson, J. |
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Title |
Innovative problem solving in wild meerkats |
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2012 |
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Anim Behav |
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83 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Thornton2012 |
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6267 |
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Author |
Benson-Amram, S.; Holekamp, K.E. |
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Title |
Innovative problem solving by wild spotted hyenas |
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Year |
2012 |
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Proc R Soc B |
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Proc R Soc B |
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279 |
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4087-4095 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Benson-Amram2012 |
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6266 |
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Author |
Smaers, J.B.; Dechmann, D.K.N.; Goswami, A.; Soligo, C.; Safi, K. |
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Title |
Comparative analyses of evolutionary rates reveal different pathways to encephalization in bats, carnivorans, and primates |
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2012 |
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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109 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Smaers2012 |
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6238 |
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